Hepatitis B Prevalence among Pregnant Women in Central and West Nile regions of Uganda: Is there a Need to prioritize Prevention of Mother to Child hepatitis B transmission?

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Joan Nankya-Mutyoba, Jim Aizire, Fredrick Makumbi, Lynn Atuyambe, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.2.11150/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction Within sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the burden of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) is unacceptably high in several countries including Uganda. Elimination of HBV in the context of inadequate resources and several competing health issues, faces challenges including limited data on disease burden in important population sub-groups. In order to optimize available resources, reliable data on HBV among pregnant women is useful to guide policies on prevention. This study estimated HBV prevalence and related factors among pregnant women in Central and West Nile regions of Uganda Methods Using a two-stage sampling approach, we selected a random sample of 310 pregnant women, 18 years or older from public health facility antenatal clinics in central and west Nile, North-western Uganda. Consenting women were interviewed to obtain data on HBV vaccination status, HIV status, selected sexual and lifestyle factors and socio-demographic information. In addition, they underwent phlebotomy to obtain blood for testing for hepatitis B surface antigen, (HBsAg) antibodies to the surface antigen (anti-HBs), and antibodies to the core (anti-HBc), as indicators of chronic infection, prior exposure, and susceptibility (anti-HBs <10 mIU /mL), respectively. Results Out of 310 women, prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 6.2%. Prevalence in the West Nile region was notably higher than in the Central region (11.0% vs. 1.3%), p<0.001. In both regions, majority of pregnant women (61% West Nile region, 76% Central region) were still susceptible to HBV. Overall, proportion who had been tested for HBV and those who reported having been vaccinated was only 5.8% and 11.3% respectively. Conclusion Our findings reveal the burden of HBV in Ugandan pregnant women is still high, with marked regional differences in disease prevalence, and poor levels of HBV testing and vaccination. These data suggest that HBV prevention programs and policies in resource-limited settings like Uganda may need to consider the differential HBV prevalence, as optimizing HBV prevention services in higher prevalence regions may provide greater impact and thereby align with the WHO recommendation on HBV elimination strategy in SSA. Infectious Diseases Hepatitis B Pregnant women Prevalence Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Background The global public health burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is currently recognized to be high particularly in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)( 1 , 2 ). Approximately 257 million individuals are chronically infected with HBV ( 1 ) and both HBV and hepatitis C virus are leading causes of liver disease, including liver cancer ( 3 ). In high burden regions, perinatal transmission is the largest contributor to chronic HBV infection, especially when it occurs during early neonatal life ( 4 ). Because of this burden, the world health assembly responded with a strategy for global elimination of viral hepatitis as a major public health problem, by 2030 ( 5 ). Elimination is seen as feasible, given the availability of a vaccine against HBV and increasing accessibility to effective antivirals which can prevent progression from chronic HBV infection to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer( 6-8 ). The HBV vaccine, which is highly efficacious, as well as viral suppression using effective antiviral drug regimens, provide an unparalleled moment to reduce the burden of HBV-associated liver cancer. Yet vaccine uptake and coverage with antivirals remains much lower than needed in most of sub-Saharan Africa, where fewer than 5% of persons infected are not aware of their infection, and fewer than 1% of those needing antivirals do not access them ( 9 ). Reducing the burden, to achieve HBV elimination goals, will require multiple, well-coordinated and targeted approaches, particularly among important sub-populations. Pregnant women constitute an important sub-population regarding HBV control and elimination in high burden settings, due to the risk of mother to child HBV transmission ( 10 ), that results in early life chronic HBV infections. Moreover, studies in West Africa have linked perinatally-acquired HBV to liver complications, including liver cancer ( 11 , 12 ). Yet in most of these settings, including Uganda, pregnant populations continue to be excluded from national HBV control strategies. Currently in Uganda, like most of SSA, services including antenatal HBV education, universal screening or vaccination for HBV among pregnant women and the HBV birth dose vaccination are not standard of care ( 13-16 ). Epidemiologic studies on HBV among pregnant populations in Uganda are still too limited to provide an accurate measure of HBV prevalence and transmission risk, for purposes of informing best approach to HBV control in pregnant women and preventing mother to child HBV transmission. Only one study in the past decade, for instance, has estimated prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in a Ugandan hospital-based pregnant population, and found 15% of HBV surface antigen positive women, also positive for HBeAg ( 17 ). However, the study did not gather information on HBV testing, or vaccination, both useful measures of maternal HBV care practices. Equally important is data on the main drivers of HBV transmission risk, in order to optimize prevention interventions. Studies elsewhere have documented exposure through unprotected sex ( 18 ), unscreened blood products and unsterile medical injections ( 19 ) as major risk factors as well as on-going horizontal transmission particularly in early childhood ( 10 , 20 ). The data currently available from SSA is inadequate to provide evidence in support of more rigorous strategies to prevent MTCT of HBV ( 21 ). This study therefore aimed to assess prevalence of HBV infection, susceptibility and immunity to infection, prevention and associated factors among pregnant women in two regions with a differing general adult population HBV prevalence ( 22 ). The purpose is to better understand HBV prevalence and susceptibility in the antenatal populations of the two regions in order to inform current approaches to HBV control and elimination among pregnant women in Uganda. Methods Study setting and design The survey was conducted in Government-funded public health facilities at the level of Health center III and IV located in central region districts of Kampala and Wakiso, and in Arua Hospital. Arua Hospital is a regional referral hospital, situated in Arua district, approximately 300 miles north-west from Kampala city, in the West Nile region of north-western Uganda. The hospital has a bed capacity of 323 beds and it serves a population of roughly 782,077 covering districts of West Nile and parts of Northern Uganda ( 23 ). It receives about 153,451 out-patients and its antenatal client volume is estimated to be 5,149 antenatal per year. Kampala district is mostly urban, Wakiso district is 92% rural, with rapid urbanization. Kiswa health center III and Kasangati health center IV were the recruitment sites for the central region. Both these primary care health units receive high patient volumes, averaging 850 -1,000 antenatal clients per month ( 24 ). Study sample The sample size for this study utilized the formula by Kish Leslie ( 25 ) for estimating a single population proportion [ n=z 2 pq / d 2 ] where z, the standard normal deviate at 95% confidence level takes the value of 1.96, p, the prevalence of hepatitis B of 10% ( 22 ); d, the desired level of precision. This yielded a sample size of 155, inclusive of an estimated non-response fraction of 10%. Therefore 155 participants were enrolled from the central and the West Nile regions respectively, for a total of 310 participants. Systematic sampling was used to select participants, whereby every 5 th eligible participant was approached for consent to be recruited into the study. Recruitment was spread evenly within each antenatal clinic day, until the total number was accrued. Participant eligibility, procedures and data collection To be included in the study, participants had to be at least 18 years old, pregnant, and registered for antenatal care in the health facility registry. Women otherwise fulfilling inclusion criteria were excluded from participation if they did not provide consent, were too sick to participate or to complete all required study procedures, including undergoing phlebotomy to provide a blood sample. Those willing to participate were then screened for eligibility and, if eligible, informed consent was sought from them by the study staff. Study staff interviewed participants and documented data on socio-demographic factors (age, region of residence, education, marital status, religion, occupation, history of testing for HBV (Yes/No), prior vaccination against HBV (Yes/No), number of doses of HBV vaccine received, sexual behaviour (number of lifetime sex partners) plus other health and lifestyle factors(smoking (Yes/No), alcohol use(Yes/No), history of jaundice (Yes/No), history of injection drug use(Yes/No), ever having been diagnosed with: liver cirrhosis(Yes/No), Schistosomiasis(Yes/No), chronic kidney disease(Yes/No) or diabetes(Yes/No). Clinical information on HIV status (infected/not infected), parity and history of abortion was abstracted from medical files of participants. Blood draws and laboratory procedures Each participant provided a blood sample equivalent to 9 ml for hepatitis B virus assays. Blood was collected in EDTA vacutainer tubes according to written study procedures. The tests were performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol. Quantitative serological assays for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg,) anti bodies to the surface antigen (anti-HBs) and antibodies to the core antigen (anti-HBc) were done. WHO guidelines ( 26 ) on cut off values were used to determine presence of antibody levels corresponding to previous immunity (anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU /mL). Assays were done at MBN Clinical Laboratories, an internationally certified laboratory. Ethical Issues: All study staff received training from the online NIH course on protection of human research subjects and specific training on Uganda National Council for Science and technology (UNCST) national guidelines ( 27 ). Potential participants were approached during the general antenatal session and provided with information about the study, and those willing to participate underwent a consenting process. Only those willing and who provided written informed consent were recruited into the study. All participants received pre-testing counseling provided by trained counselors in small groups, prior to blood draws, but post-test counseling was offered individually and privately. This study protocol received review and clearance from Makerere University School of Public Health’s higher degrees, Research and Ethics Committee and UNCST. Data analysis . Data were double-entered in excel, cleaned and exported into Stata. Analysis was done using Stata, version 14(StataCorp; College station, TX, 77845 USA). Data exploration was done and categories created. Descriptive summary statistics were generated as mean (standard deviation (SD)) for continuous variables, and proportions for categorical variables. The main outcome variable was chronic hepatitis B infection, defined as a single positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test result. Other outcomes of interest were immunity due to prior exposure (HBsAg test negative and positive for antibodies to the surface antigen) and susceptibility to HBV (defined as HBsAg negative and hepatitis B surface antibody negative). Chronic infection, immunity to infection and susceptibility to infection were treated as binary variables. Distribution of HBV infection by age groups, region of residence, religion, education, marital status, occupation, lifetime sexual partners, HIV status and other lifestyle and health factors was performed. Differences in proportions were tested using Pearson’s chi-square test p -values and Fisher’s exact test p -values, where appropriate. A two-tailed p-value of ≤0.05 was used for statistical significance. Results Participant characteristics A total of 310 pregnant women participated in the study, aged 18 to 42 years. The mean age was 25.9 (SD±4.9) years. About a half (189/310, 46.9%) had attained at least a secondary education, while slightly more than a half were in employment (165/310, 53.2%) and reported to be in a monogamous marital union (175/310, 56.5%). Of the 310 participants, 27 (8.7%) were infected with HIV, and of these, only 4 (14.8%) were not on anti-retroviral medication. None of the HIV infected participants were co-infected with HBV. The other socio-demographic characteristics are shown in table 1. Markers of HBV infection, susceptibility and immunity to infection Overall, out of 310 pregnant women, 19 (6.2%) had chronic HBV infection, marked by HBV surface antigen positive assays. By region, proportion who were HBV surface antigen positive in the Central region were 1.3% (2/155), but 11% (17/155) in the West Nile region (Figure 1). Proportion who had markers of previously acquired immunity to HBV, either via a naturally acquired infection, or through previous vaccination were 22.6% and 27.7% in the central and northern regions, respectively. Majority of pregnant women in both regions showed markers of susceptibility to HBV, 76% in the Central and 61% in the West Nile region. Participants’ hepatitis B testing and vaccination status Figure 2 shows proportion of pregnant women who reported having been tested and vaccinated against HBV. Only 5.8% (18/310) of pregnant women reported having taken a hepatitis B test, and 11.3% (35/310) reported having been vaccinated against HBV. Of those who reported having been vaccinated, 16 women had received only one vaccine dose, 4 women had received two doses and only 15/35 (43%) had received all three doses of HBV vaccine. Association of HBV sero-positivity with clinical, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors Table 2 reports the association of hepatitis B infection positivity with socio-demographic, clinical and behavioral lifestyle factors among pregnant women. As shown on this table, statistically, there was a significant association between HBV sero-positivity and region of residence (p=0.001), type of marital relationship (p=0.018), level of education (p=0.026) and lifetime sexual partners (p=0.012). Conversely, no statistically significant association was found between HBV sero-positivity and age (p=0.605), parity (p=0.632), religion (p=0.988), type of occupation (p=0.737), previous HBV vaccination status (p=1.00), a family history of jaundice (p=0.722) or HIV infection (p=0.390). We further examined distribution of selected correlates of HBV infection by region, and as shown in table 3, only proportion of women who self-reported to be in monogamous marriage differed, being higher in the northern region. Distribution of other factors including median age and lifetime sexual partners was similar in both regions. Discussion This study aimed to investigate HBV infection, testing and vaccination among pregnant women attending routine antenatal care in two of four of Uganda’s geographic regions, with varying adult HBV population prevalence. Of the two regions analysed, the West Nile region in North-Western Uganda had a much higher HBV infection prevalence of 11%. This prevalence from the West Nile region is not very different that previously reported by Bayo et al ( 17 ), 12% chronic HBV prevalence among pregnant women in two private, not-for-profit hospitals located in the Northern Uganda. Our findings, the first within the past decade to come from obstetric populations of North-Western and Central regions, continue to reflect a pattern of regional disparity in Uganda’s HBV burden that was much earlier reported in a national survey ( 22 ) conducted more than a decade ago, with the Northern corridor having a much higher prevalence than elsewhere, even within the pregnant population. A plausible factor for a high HBV burden in Northern Uganda seems to stem from a steadily growing refugee population mainly from neighboring South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. In these countries, large populations of adults and children live in conflict situations and are often unimmunized. South Sudan is a high burden HBV country, which, until very recently, has been without a structured national HBV control program. It is estimated that 1 in every 10 persons in South Sudan is infected with either HBV or hepatitis C virus ( 28 ). Our findings also support recent observations in SSA, where the burden of HBV in pregnant sub-populations remains proportionately high in localities with a high HBV population-level endemicity ( 29-33 ). Like studies elsewhere in SSA ( 29 , 34 ), majority of our participants were unaware of their HBV status. Very few pregnant women reported ever having tested for HBV, or having received HBV vaccination. And of those that sought vaccination services, fewer than half completed the required three dose vaccination schedule. Moreover, the women who reported having been tested or vaccinated for HBV received these services from private clinics, and paid privately. This finding may be an indicator of a general lack of awareness about HBV and its prevention. We have previously reported poor HBV knowledge and awareness in this region ( 35 ). This may be partially due to sub-optimal, even absent, hepatitis B services for pregnant women in most of SSA ( 13 , 36 ). Without testing pregnant women for HBV, it becomes a challenge, not only to identify infected women who require further follow-up testing to ascertain those eligible for anti-viral treatment, but also to plan for timely birth dose vaccination of newborns of these women. Absence of routine HBV testing for pregnant women in Uganda continues to be a significant barrier to HBV status awareness among pregnant women, which further disables the chain of HBV care. It is also noteworthy, that none of the HBV infected pregnant women in our study sample had HIV co-infection. Unlike our finding, other studies within the region have reported HIV among HBV infected pregnant women ( 37 , 38 ). Our result might be explained by the fact that all our HIV infected women were already taking ART. Several ART regimens have been shown to be anti-HBV active ( 39-42 ), and a recent longitudinal analysis in rural Rakai, Uganda, showed that HIV infected adults who were taking ART were less likely to acquire HBV ( 43 ). We report an unexpected negative correlation between HBV infection and risky sexual behavior, a finding that we believe to be due to participant under-reporting and social desirability bias, as data on type of marital relationship and lifetime sexual partners were self-reported. The WHO elimination strategy for HBV in high burden settings ( 5 ) prescribes an approach involving understanding the local HBV epidemic, in order to adapt the response to local disease epidemiology. Our descriptive findings lend support to this narrative, by reporting locally-derived data that not only highlights intra-country differences in disease prevalence, but also is suggestive of flexible modalities of maternal and new born HBV prevention, guided by existing disease patterns. The findings suggest a need to intensify HBV prevention efforts among pregnant women in Uganda, particularly antenatal HBV testing in the most-affected regions, plus effective follow-up and appropriate management of infected women to prevent mother to child HBV transmission. The available resources could be optimally used, to afford at-risk pregnant women an opportunity to know their HBV status, and their newborns to receive a birth dose of HBV vaccine. Note is taken, regarding limitations of this study. The cross-sectional and descriptive nature of the study limits strong inference regarding the observed associations. Also, much of the data on socio-demographic and behavioral variables were self-reported, and as such, liable to subjectivity, and the bias thereof. In addition, the few numbers of HBV infected cases meant that we were unable to adequately assess factors associated with HBV infection. Studies with larger sample sizes, and designed to evaluate HBV incidence and risk factors may increase our understanding of HBV risk factors in both regions, thereby, enabling implementation of the appropriate interventions in affected regions. Nonetheless, this work contains useful information on current HBV prevalence in two regions, and can ably contribute to local evidence to support policy options. Strategies to control and eventually eliminate the health threat of HBV, will need to include prevention of mother to child transmission. This may entail introduction of testing and vaccination for pregnant women. Our findings reveal very low levels of HBV testing and vaccination among pregnant women even in high-endemic regions of Uganda, implying a missed opportunity to offer HBV prevention services to women who interface with the health system. In conclusion, we have identified high HBV prevalence among pregnant women, with significant regional differences in prevalence, differences that highlight the need for flexible policy options in order to strengthen and speed-up HBV elimination actions. These findings underscore a need to intensify and optimize HBV prevention efforts among antenatal populations, testing pregnant women and implementing interventions to prevent mother to child HBV transmission, within the context of less than sufficient resources. Declarations This work would not have been possible, without the funders of this study, who included (1) Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA). CARTA is jointly led by the African Population and Health Research Center and the University of the Witwatersrand and funded by the Wellcome Trust (UK) (Grant No: 087547/Z/08/Z),(2) The HIV & Hepatocellular Carcinoma Research Program in Uganda (H2U), a U-54 Consortium grant from National Cancer Institute of the US’s National Institutes of Health. Availability of data and materials Datasets used for analysis and writing of this manuscript are available from the corresponding author, on reasonable request. Author's contributions JNM conceptualized the study, participated in collecting data, analysis and writing the first draft. PO, FM, LA & GDK supported conceptualization of the study. PO JA FM & GDK contributed to analysis and writing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Ethics approval and consent to participate This study received approval from Makerere University School of Public Health Higher Degrees, Research and Ethics Committee (IRB Number 00005876; FWA Number 00011353). All eligible study participants went through a consenting process and provided written informed consent in English or one of the local languages (Luganda in central region, and Lugbara in northern region) to participate in the study. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests References WHO. Global hepatitis report Geneva: World Health Organization 2017 [04/06/2019]. Available from: https:// www.who.int/hepatitis/publications/global-hepatitis-report2017/en/ . Stanaway JD, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Fitzmaurice C, Vos T, Abubakar I, et al. The global burden of viral hepatitis from 1990 to 2013: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet. 2016;388(10049):1081-8. Dienstag JL. Hepatitis B virus infection. 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Heuft MM, Houba SM, van den Berk GE, van de Haere TS, van Dam AP, Dijksman LM, et al. Protective effect of hepatitis B virus-active antiretroviral therapy against primary hepatitis B virus infection. Aids. 2014;28(7):999-1005. Shilaih M, Marzel A, Scherrer A, Braun D, Kovari H, Rougemont M. Swiss HIV Cohort Study A; Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Dually active HIV/HBV antiretrovirals as protection against incident hepatitis B infections: potential for prophylaxis. J Infect Dis. 2016;214:599-606. Seremba E, Ssempijja V, Kalibbala S, Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Nalugoda F, et al. Hepatitis B incidence and prevention with antiretroviral therapy among HIV positive individuals in Rakai, Uganda. AIDS (London, England). 2017;31(6):781. Tables Table 1. Participant socio-demographic and clinical characteristics Characteristic Frequency (N=310) Percent (%) Age group (years) ≤19 30 9.7 20-24 102 32.9 25-29 96 31.0 30-34 47 15.2 ≥35 35 11.2 Age (years): Mean (SD) 25.8 (4.94) Education Level Primary or lower 175 43.42 Secondary 189 46.90 Post-secondary 39 9.68 Tribe Lugbara 115 37.1 Ganda 74 23.9 Others 121 39.0 Region of residence West-Nile 155 50.0 Central 155 50.0 Employment status Employed 165 53.2 Not employed 145 46.8 Marital status Single 24 7.7 Co-habiting 91 29.3 Married monogamous 175 56.5 Married Polygamous 20 6.5 Religion Roman Catholic 109 35.2 Protestant 99 31.9 Muslim 65 21.0 Others* 37 11.9 Parity 0 95 30.7 1-3 176 56.8 4+ 39 12.6 HIV Status positive 27 8.7 negative 283 91.3 Table 2. Association of hepatitis B infection with clinical, socio-demographic, behavioral lifestyle factors among pregnant women in Northern and Central Uganda HBV status Yes No X 2 p-value* Socio-demographic factors Age (Years) ≤19 1 (5.26) 29 (9.97) 3.3939 0.605 20-24 6 (31.58) 106 (36.43) 25-29 7 (36.84) 92 (31.62) 30-34 5 (26.32) 46 (15.81) ≥35 0 (0.00) 18 (6.19) Region of residence West Nile 17 (89.47) 138 (47.42) 12.6153 0.001 Central 2 (10.53) 153 (52.58) Education ≤Primary 5 (26.32) 122 (41.92) 7.3066 0.026 Secondary 9 (47.37) 145 (49.83) Post-secondary 5 (26.32) 24 (8.25) Religion Catholic 7 (36.84) 102 (35.05) 0.0251 0.988 Protestant 8 (42.11) 126 (43.30) Muslim 4 (21.05) 63 (21.65) Marital status Not currently married 0 (0.00) 24 (8.25) 0.018 Married-monogamous 16 (84.21) 159 (54.64) Married-polygamous 2 (10.53) 18 (6.19) Co-habiting 1 (5.26) 90 (30.93) Occupation Farmer 8 (42.11) 86 (29.55) 0.737 Restaurant & bar worker 7 (36.84) 140 (48.11) Housewife 0 (0.00) 10 (3.44) Teacher or civil servant 2 (10.53) 25 (8.59) Hairdresser 2 (10.53) 30 (10.31) Clinical and behavioral factors HIV status Infected 0 (0.00) 27 (9.28) 0.390 Not infected 19 (100.00) 264 (90.72) parity 0 4 (21.05) 91 (31.27) 0.9187 0.632 1-3 12 (63.16) 164 (56.36) 4+ 3 (15.79) 36 (12.37) Previously vaccinated for HBV Yes 1 (5.26) 17 (5.84) 0.0109 1.00 No 18 (94.74) 274 (94.16) Family h/o jaundice Yes 3 (15.79) 37 (12.71) 0.1500 0.722 No 16 (84.21) 254(87.29) Lifetime sexual partners One 12 (63.16) 97 (33.33) More than one 7 (36.84) 194 (66.67) 6.9588 0.012 *P-value is for Fisher’s exact test. Table 3. Regional distribution of selected correlates of HBV infection Central North Correlate HBsAg positivity (%) 1 11 Median Age 25 25 >primary education (%) 60 58 Self-reported monogamous marriage (%) 29 84 Median lifetime sexual partners 3 2 >3 pregnancies (%) 19 20 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2060","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":107093,"identity":"f341e7f5-4009-4263-899a-afb41cdbf13a","order_by":1,"name":"Joan Nankya-Mutyoba","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAy0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNACHgY5AzDDwIJ4LcYGDMwgLRLE25O4AayFgQgt/NKHjz1gkNmWvp29/+iGHwUSDPzt3Ql4tUj2paUbMPDczt3Zc5jtZg/QYRJnzm7Aq8XgDI+ZBEjLhhvJbDd4gFoMJHLxa7GHakk3AGq5+YcYLQY8EC0JIC23ibJF4gxbmkQCz23DDWcOm92WMZDgIegX/h7mYxIfe27LGxxvfHbzzR8bOf72XvxawCCxB8HmIawcDH4QqW4UjIJRMApGJgAAafdAMaNrEJwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0661-5933","institution":"Makerere University College of Health Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Joan","middleName":"","lastName":"Nankya-Mutyoba","suffix":""},{"id":107094,"identity":"0d652a85-2a63-409c-a37e-44bf9e73cc33","order_by":2,"name":"Jim Aizire","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jim","middleName":"","lastName":"Aizire","suffix":""},{"id":107095,"identity":"b90994cc-7a9b-4015-a5a7-ef405a7acaff","order_by":3,"name":"Fredrick Makumbi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Epidemiology \u0026 Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fredrick","middleName":"","lastName":"Makumbi","suffix":""},{"id":107096,"identity":"89ab5282-25dd-4bce-aed0-6d40d4b6c171","order_by":4,"name":"Lynn Atuyambe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Community Health \u0026 Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lynn","middleName":"","lastName":"Atuyambe","suffix":""},{"id":107097,"identity":"bf9a7b96-9375-403c-aacd-4c89336653c0","order_by":5,"name":"Gregory Kirk","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gregory","middleName":"","lastName":"Kirk","suffix":""},{"id":107098,"identity":"b013f309-d1d3-426f-92dd-4b0acde55c17","order_by":6,"name":"Ponsiano Ocama","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ponsiano","middleName":"","lastName":"Ocama","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2019-07-05 15:45:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.11150/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.11150/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":109591,"identity":"af5b727c-78a8-4ff2-8866-fc7c91174531","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2019-10-03 13:44:10","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":53386,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Regional distribution of markers of hepatitis B infection, immunity and susceptibility to infection among pregnant women in Northern and Central Uganda. Chronically infected=proportion of pregnant women who tested positive for HBsAg. Previous Immunity= Proportion of pregnant women who tested negative for HBsAg and had anti-HBS antibody titres greater than 10 IU/ml. Susceptible = proportion of pregnant women who tested negative for HBsAg, and had anti-HBS antibody titres less than 10 IU/ml.","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/2798ff66-0897-4540-bbc8-77a4f2d5db24/v1/1.png"},{"id":109593,"identity":"65970454-40ae-416e-a3b3-6637e5c047ee","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2019-10-03 13:44:10","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":28573,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Proportion of pregnant women who reported ever having had a hepatitis B test.\nYes=proportion of women who reported having tested for HBV; No=proportion of women who reported never having tested for HBV","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/2798ff66-0897-4540-bbc8-77a4f2d5db24/v1/2.png"},{"id":109594,"identity":"e53b2e2c-acc6-410b-9870-00ad7d451f4e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2019-10-03 13:44:11","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":42903,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Proportion of pregnant women who reported having been vaccinated against hepatitis B.\nYes=proportion of women who reported having been vaccinated for HBV; No=proportion of women who reported never having been vaccinated for HBV","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/2798ff66-0897-4540-bbc8-77a4f2d5db24/v1/3.png"},{"id":13468358,"identity":"034d33cf-381b-4a73-b5a5-06f527e9580e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-16 20:58:36","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":309531,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2060/v1/6b321c12-536a-408e-bcc9-57ef5f9391d4.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Hepatitis B Prevalence among Pregnant Women in Central and West Nile regions of Uganda: Is there a Need to prioritize Prevention of Mother to Child hepatitis B transmission?","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe global public health burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is currently recognized to be high particularly in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_1\"\u003e1\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_2\"\u003e2\u003c/a\u003e). Approximately 257 million individuals are chronically infected with HBV (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_1\"\u003e1\u003c/a\u003e) and both HBV and hepatitis C virus are leading causes of liver disease, including liver cancer (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_3\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e). In high burden regions, perinatal transmission is the largest contributor to chronic HBV infection, especially when it occurs during early neonatal life (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_4\"\u003e4\u003c/a\u003e). Because of this burden, the world health assembly responded with a strategy for global elimination of viral hepatitis as a major public health problem, by 2030 (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_5\"\u003e5\u003c/a\u003e). Elimination is seen as feasible, given the availability of a vaccine against HBV and increasing accessibility to effective antivirals which can prevent progression from chronic HBV infection to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_6\"\u003e6-8\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe HBV vaccine, which is highly efficacious, as well as viral suppression using effective antiviral drug regimens, provide an unparalleled moment to reduce the burden of HBV-associated liver cancer. Yet vaccine uptake and coverage with antivirals remains much lower than needed in most of sub-Saharan Africa, where fewer than 5% of persons infected are not aware of their infection, and fewer than 1% of those needing antivirals do not access them (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_9\"\u003e9\u003c/a\u003e). Reducing the burden, to achieve HBV elimination goals, will require multiple, well-coordinated and targeted approaches, particularly among important sub-populations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePregnant women constitute an important sub-population regarding HBV control and elimination in high burden settings, due to the risk of mother to child HBV transmission (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_10\"\u003e10\u003c/a\u003e), that results in early life chronic HBV infections. \u0026nbsp;Moreover, studies in West Africa have linked perinatally-acquired HBV to liver complications, including liver cancer (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_11\"\u003e11\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_12\"\u003e12\u003c/a\u003e). Yet in most of these settings, including Uganda, pregnant populations continue to be excluded from national HBV control strategies. Currently in Uganda, like most of SSA, services including antenatal HBV education, universal screening or vaccination for HBV among pregnant women and the HBV birth dose vaccination are not standard of care (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_13\"\u003e13-16\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEpidemiologic studies on HBV among pregnant populations in Uganda are still too limited to provide an accurate measure of HBV prevalence and transmission risk, for purposes of informing best approach to HBV control in pregnant women and preventing mother to child HBV transmission. Only one study in the past decade, for instance, has estimated prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in a Ugandan hospital-based pregnant population, and found 15% of HBV surface antigen positive women, also positive for HBeAg (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_17\"\u003e17\u003c/a\u003e). However, the study did not gather information on HBV testing, or vaccination, both useful measures of maternal HBV care practices. Equally important is data on the main drivers of HBV transmission risk, in order to optimize prevention interventions. Studies elsewhere have documented exposure through unprotected sex (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_18\"\u003e18\u003c/a\u003e), unscreened blood products and unsterile medical injections (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_19\"\u003e19\u003c/a\u003e) as major risk factors as well as on-going horizontal transmission particularly in early childhood (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_10\"\u003e10\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_20\"\u003e20\u003c/a\u003e). The data currently available from SSA is inadequate to provide evidence in support of more rigorous strategies to prevent MTCT of HBV (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_21\"\u003e21\u003c/a\u003e). This study therefore aimed to assess prevalence of HBV infection, susceptibility and immunity to infection, prevention and associated factors among pregnant women in two regions with a differing general adult population HBV prevalence (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_22\"\u003e22\u003c/a\u003e). The purpose is to better understand HBV prevalence and susceptibility in the antenatal populations of the two regions in order to inform current approaches to HBV control and elimination among pregnant women in Uganda.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eStudy setting and design\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe survey was conducted in Government-funded public health facilities at the level of Health center III and IV located in central region districts of Kampala and Wakiso, and in Arua Hospital. Arua Hospital is a regional referral hospital, situated in Arua district, approximately 300 miles north-west from Kampala city, in the West Nile region of north-western Uganda. The hospital has a bed capacity of 323 beds and it serves a population of roughly 782,077 covering districts of West Nile and parts of Northern Uganda (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_23\"\u003e23\u003c/a\u003e). It receives about 153,451 out-patients and its antenatal client volume is estimated to be 5,149 antenatal per year. Kampala district is mostly urban, Wakiso district is 92% rural, with rapid urbanization. Kiswa health center III and Kasangati health center IV were the recruitment sites for the central region. Both these primary care health units receive high patient volumes, averaging 850 -1,000 antenatal clients per month (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_24\"\u003e24\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eStudy sample\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sample size for this study utilized the formula by Kish Leslie (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_25\"\u003e25\u003c/a\u003e) for estimating a single population proportion [ n=z\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003epq / d\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e ] where z, the standard normal deviate at 95% confidence level takes the value of 1.96, p, the prevalence of hepatitis\u0026nbsp; B of 10% (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_22\"\u003e22\u003c/a\u003e); d, the desired level of precision. This yielded a sample size of 155, inclusive of an estimated non-response fraction of 10%. Therefore 155 participants were enrolled from the central and the West Nile regions respectively, for a total of 310 participants. Systematic sampling was used to select participants, whereby every 5\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e eligible participant was approached for consent to be recruited into the study. Recruitment was spread evenly within each antenatal clinic day, until the total number was accrued.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eParticipant eligibility, procedures and data collection \u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo be included in the study, participants had to be at least 18 years old, pregnant, and registered for antenatal care in the health facility registry. Women otherwise fulfilling inclusion criteria were excluded from participation if they did not provide consent, were too sick to participate or to complete all required study procedures, including undergoing phlebotomy to provide a blood sample. Those willing to participate were then screened for eligibility and, if eligible, informed consent was sought from them by the study staff. Study staff interviewed participants and documented data on socio-demographic factors (age, region of residence, education, marital status, religion, occupation, history of testing for HBV (Yes/No), prior vaccination against HBV (Yes/No), number of doses of HBV vaccine received, sexual behaviour (number of lifetime sex partners) plus other health and lifestyle factors(smoking (Yes/No), alcohol use(Yes/No), history of jaundice (Yes/No), history of injection drug use(Yes/No), ever having been diagnosed with: liver cirrhosis(Yes/No), Schistosomiasis(Yes/No), chronic kidney disease(Yes/No) or diabetes(Yes/No). Clinical information on HIV status (infected/not infected), parity and history of abortion was abstracted from medical files of participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eBlood draws and laboratory procedures\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach participant provided a blood sample equivalent to 9 ml for hepatitis B virus assays. Blood was collected in EDTA vacutainer tubes according to written study procedures. The tests were performed in accordance with the manufacturer\u0026rsquo;s protocol.\u0026nbsp; Quantitative serological assays for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg,) anti bodies to the surface antigen (anti-HBs) and antibodies to the core antigen (anti-HBc) were done. WHO guidelines (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_26\"\u003e26\u003c/a\u003e) on cut off values were used to determine presence of antibody levels corresponding to previous immunity (anti-HBs \u0026ge; 10 mIU /mL). Assays were done at MBN Clinical Laboratories, an internationally certified laboratory.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eEthical Issues:\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll study staff received training from the online NIH course on protection of human research subjects and specific training on Uganda National Council for Science and technology (UNCST) national guidelines (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_27\"\u003e27\u003c/a\u003e). Potential participants were approached during the general antenatal session and provided with information about the study, and those willing to participate underwent a consenting process. Only those willing and who provided written informed consent were recruited into the study. All participants received pre-testing counseling provided by trained counselors in small groups, prior to blood draws, but post-test counseling was offered individually and privately. This study protocol received review and clearance from Makerere University School of Public Health\u0026rsquo;s higher degrees, Research and Ethics Committee and UNCST.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eData analysis\u003c/u\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData were double-entered in excel, cleaned and exported into Stata. Analysis was done using Stata, version 14(StataCorp; College station, TX, 77845 USA). Data exploration was done and categories created. Descriptive summary statistics were generated as mean (standard deviation (SD)) for continuous variables, and proportions for categorical variables. The main outcome variable was chronic hepatitis B infection, defined as a single positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test result. Other outcomes of interest were immunity due to prior exposure (HBsAg test negative and positive for antibodies to the surface antigen) and susceptibility to HBV (defined as HBsAg negative and hepatitis B surface antibody negative). Chronic infection, immunity to infection and susceptibility to infection were treated as binary variables. Distribution of HBV infection by age groups, region of residence, religion, education, marital status, occupation, lifetime sexual partners, HIV status and other lifestyle and health factors was performed.\u0026nbsp; Differences in proportions were tested using Pearson\u0026rsquo;s chi-square test \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e-values and Fisher\u0026rsquo;s exact test \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e-values, where appropriate. A two-tailed p-value of \u0026le;0.05 was used for statistical significance.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParticipant characteristics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 310 pregnant women participated in the study, aged 18 to 42 years. The mean age was 25.9 (SD\u0026plusmn;4.9) years. About a half (189/310, 46.9%) had attained at least a secondary education, while slightly more than a half were in employment (165/310, 53.2%) and reported to be in a monogamous marital union (175/310, 56.5%). Of the 310 participants, 27 (8.7%) were infected with HIV, and of these, only 4 (14.8%) were not on anti-retroviral medication. None of the HIV infected participants were co-infected with HBV. The other socio-demographic characteristics are shown in table 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMarkers of HBV infection, susceptibility and immunity to infection\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverall, out of 310 pregnant women, 19 (6.2%) had chronic HBV infection, marked by HBV surface antigen positive assays. By region, proportion who were HBV surface antigen positive in the Central region were 1.3% (2/155), but 11% (17/155) in the West Nile region (Figure 1). Proportion who had markers of previously acquired immunity to HBV, either via a naturally acquired infection, or through previous vaccination were 22.6% and 27.7% in the central and northern regions, respectively. Majority of pregnant women in both regions showed markers of susceptibility to HBV, 76% in the Central and 61% in the West Nile region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParticipants\u0026rsquo; hepatitis B testing and vaccination status\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigure 2 shows proportion of pregnant women who reported having been tested and vaccinated against HBV. Only 5.8% (18/310) of pregnant women reported having taken a hepatitis B test, and 11.3% (35/310) reported having been vaccinated against HBV. Of those who reported having been vaccinated, 16 women had received only one vaccine dose, 4 women had received two doses and only 15/35 (43%) \u0026nbsp;had received all three doses of HBV vaccine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAssociation of HBV sero-positivity with clinical, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2 reports the association of hepatitis B infection positivity with socio-demographic, clinical and behavioral lifestyle factors among pregnant women.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs shown on this table, statistically, there was a significant association between HBV sero-positivity and region of residence (p=0.001), type of marital relationship (p=0.018), level of education (p=0.026) and lifetime sexual partners (p=0.012). Conversely, no statistically significant association was found between HBV sero-positivity and age (p=0.605), parity (p=0.632), religion (p=0.988), type of occupation (p=0.737), previous HBV vaccination status (p=1.00), a family history of jaundice (p=0.722) or HIV infection (p=0.390). We further examined distribution of selected correlates of HBV infection by region, and as shown in table 3, only proportion of women who self-reported to be in monogamous marriage differed, being higher in the northern region. Distribution of other factors including median age and lifetime sexual partners was similar in both regions.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to investigate HBV infection, testing and vaccination among pregnant women attending routine antenatal care in two of four of Uganda\u0026rsquo;s geographic regions, with varying adult HBV population prevalence. Of the two regions analysed, the West Nile region in North-Western Uganda had a much higher HBV infection prevalence of 11%. This prevalence from the West Nile region is not very different that previously reported by Bayo \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_17\"\u003e17\u003c/a\u003e), 12% chronic HBV prevalence among pregnant women in two private, not-for-profit hospitals located in the Northern Uganda. Our findings, the first within the past decade to come from obstetric populations of North-Western and Central regions, continue to reflect a pattern of regional disparity in Uganda\u0026rsquo;s HBV burden that was much earlier reported in a national survey (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_22\"\u003e22\u003c/a\u003e) conducted more than a decade ago, with the Northern corridor having a much higher prevalence than elsewhere, even within the pregnant population. A plausible factor for a high HBV burden in Northern Uganda seems to stem from a steadily growing refugee population mainly from neighboring South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. In these countries, large populations of adults and children live in conflict situations and are often unimmunized. South Sudan is a high burden HBV country, which, until very recently, has been without a structured national HBV control program. It is estimated that 1 in every 10 persons in South Sudan is infected with either HBV or hepatitis C virus (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_28\"\u003e28\u003c/a\u003e). Our findings also support recent observations in SSA, where the burden of HBV in pregnant sub-populations remains proportionately high in localities with a high HBV population-level endemicity (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_29\"\u003e29-33\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLike studies elsewhere in SSA (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_29\"\u003e29\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_34\"\u003e34\u003c/a\u003e), majority of our participants were unaware of their HBV status. Very few pregnant women reported ever having tested for HBV, or having received HBV vaccination. And of those that sought vaccination services, fewer than half completed the required three dose vaccination schedule. Moreover, the women who reported having been tested or vaccinated for HBV received these services from private clinics, and paid privately. This finding may be an indicator of a general lack of awareness about HBV and its prevention. We have previously reported poor HBV knowledge and awareness in this region (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_35\"\u003e35\u003c/a\u003e). This may be partially due to sub-optimal, even absent, hepatitis B services for pregnant women in most of SSA (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_13\"\u003e13\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_36\"\u003e36\u003c/a\u003e). Without testing pregnant women for HBV, it becomes a challenge, not only to identify infected women who require further follow-up testing to ascertain those eligible for anti-viral treatment, but also to plan for timely birth dose vaccination of newborns of these women.\u0026nbsp; Absence of routine HBV testing for pregnant women in Uganda continues to be a significant barrier to HBV status awareness among pregnant women, which further disables the chain of HBV care.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is also noteworthy, that none of the HBV infected pregnant women in our study sample had HIV co-infection. Unlike our finding, other studies within the region have reported HIV among HBV infected pregnant women (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_37\"\u003e37\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_38\"\u003e38\u003c/a\u003e). Our result might be explained by the fact that all our HIV infected women were already taking ART. Several ART regimens have been shown to be anti-HBV active (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_39\"\u003e39-42\u003c/a\u003e), and a recent longitudinal analysis in rural Rakai, Uganda, showed that HIV infected adults who were taking ART were less likely to acquire HBV (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_43\"\u003e43\u003c/a\u003e). We report an unexpected negative correlation between HBV infection and risky sexual behavior, a finding that we believe to be due to participant under-reporting and social desirability bias, as data on type of marital relationship and lifetime sexual partners were self-reported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe WHO elimination strategy for HBV in high burden settings (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_5\"\u003e5\u003c/a\u003e) prescribes an approach involving understanding the local HBV epidemic, in order to adapt the response to local disease epidemiology. Our descriptive findings lend support to this narrative, by reporting locally-derived data that not only highlights intra-country differences in disease prevalence, but also is suggestive of flexible modalities of maternal and new born HBV prevention, guided by existing disease patterns. The findings suggest a need to intensify HBV prevention efforts among pregnant women in Uganda, particularly antenatal HBV testing in the most-affected regions, plus effective follow-up and appropriate management of infected women to prevent mother to child HBV transmission. The available resources could be optimally used, to afford at-risk pregnant women an opportunity to know their HBV status, and their newborns to receive a birth dose of HBV vaccine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote is taken, regarding limitations of this study. The cross-sectional and descriptive nature of the study limits strong inference regarding the observed associations. Also, much of the data on socio-demographic and behavioral variables were self-reported, and as such, liable to subjectivity, and the bias thereof. In addition, the few numbers of HBV infected cases meant that we were unable to adequately assess factors associated with HBV infection. Studies with larger sample sizes, and designed to evaluate HBV incidence and risk factors may increase our understanding of HBV risk factors in both regions, thereby, enabling implementation of the appropriate interventions in affected regions. Nonetheless, this work contains useful information on current HBV prevalence in two regions, and can ably contribute to local evidence to support policy options. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStrategies to control and eventually eliminate the health threat of HBV, will need to include prevention of mother to child transmission. This may entail introduction of testing and vaccination for pregnant women. Our findings reveal very low levels of HBV testing and vaccination among pregnant women even in high-endemic regions of Uganda, implying a missed opportunity to offer HBV prevention services to women who interface with the health system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, we have identified high HBV prevalence among pregnant women, with significant regional differences in prevalence, differences that highlight the need for flexible policy options in order to strengthen and speed-up HBV elimination actions. These findings underscore a need to intensify and optimize HBV prevention efforts among antenatal populations, testing pregnant women and implementing interventions to prevent mother to child HBV transmission, within the context of less than sufficient resources.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis work would not have been possible, without the funders of this study, who included (1) Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA). CARTA is jointly led by the African Population and Health Research Center and the University of the Witwatersrand and funded by the Wellcome Trust (UK) (Grant No: 087547/Z/08/Z),(2) The HIV \u0026amp; Hepatocellular Carcinoma Research Program in Uganda (H2U), a U-54 Consortium grant from National Cancer Institute of the US\u0026rsquo;s National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDatasets used for analysis and writing of this manuscript are available from the corresponding author, on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAuthor's contributions\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJNM conceptualized the study, participated in collecting data, analysis and writing the first draft. PO, FM, LA \u0026amp; GDK supported conceptualization of the study. PO JA FM \u0026amp; GDK contributed to analysis and writing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study received approval from Makerere University School of Public Health Higher Degrees, Research and Ethics Committee (IRB Number 00005876; FWA Number 00011353). All eligible study participants went through a consenting process and provided written informed consent in English or one of the local languages (Luganda in central region, and Lugbara in northern region) to participate in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWHO. Global hepatitis report Geneva: World Health Organization 2017 [04/06/2019]. 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Available from: https://\u003ca href=\"http://www.afro.who.int/news/world-health-organization-supports-ministry-health-strengthen-efforts-eliminate-viral\"\u003ewww.afro.who.int/news/world-health-organization-supports-ministry-health-strengthen-efforts-eliminate-viral\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNoubiap JJN, Nansseu JRN, Ndoula ST, Bigna JJR, Jingi AM, Fokom-Domgue J. Prevalence, infectivity and correlates of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in a rural district of the Far North Region of Cameroon. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):454.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBittaye M, Idoko P, Ekele BA, Obed SA, Nyan O. Hepatitis B virus sero-prevalence amongst pregnant women in the Gambia. BMC infectious diseases. 2019;19(1):259.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKirbak ALS. Sero-prevalence for Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Juba Teaching Hospital, Republic of South Sudan. The Pan African medical journal. 2017;26.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUmare A, Seyoum B, Gobena T, Mariyam TH. Hepatitis B virus infections and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal Care Clinic at Deder Hospital, eastern Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0166936.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdjei CA, Atibila F, Apiribu F, Ahordzor F, Attafuah PA, Ansah-Nyarko M, et al. Hepatitis B Infection among Parturient Women in Peri-Urban Ghana. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2018;99(6):1469-74.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmsalu A, Ferede G, Eshetie S, Tadewos A, Assegu D. Prevalence, Infectivity, and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus among Pregnant Women in Yirgalem Hospital, Ethiopia: Implication of Screening to Control Mother-to-Child Transmission. Journal of pregnancy. 2018;2018.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNankya-Mutyoba J, Aizire J, Makumbi F, Atuyambe L, Ocama P, Kirk GD. Correlates of hepatitis B awareness and disease-specific knowledge among pregnant women in Northern and Central Uganda: a cross-sectional study. Hepatology, Medicine and Policy. 2018;3(1):14.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDionne-Odom J, Njei B, Tita AT. Elimination of Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B in Africa: AReview of Available Tools and New Opportunities. Clinical therapeutics. 2018.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThumbiran NV, Moodley D, Parboosing R, Moodley P. Hepatitis B and HIV co-infection in pregnant women: indication for routine antenatal hepatitis B virus screening in a high HIV prevalence setting. SAMJ: South African Medical Journal. 2014;104(4):307-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMutagoma M, Balisanga H, Malamba SS, Sebuhoro D, Remera E, Riedel DJ, et al. Hepatitis B virus and HIV co-infection among pregnant women in Rwanda. BMC infectious diseases. 2017;17(1):618.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBenhamou Y, Fleury H, Trimoulet P, Pellegrin I, Urbinelli R, Katlama C, et al. Anti‐hepatitis B virus efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in HIV‐infected patients. Hepatology. 2006;43(3):548-55.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGatanaga H, Hayashida T, Tanuma J, Oka S. Prophylactic effect of antiretroviral therapy on hepatitis B virus infection. Clinical infectious diseases. 2013;56(12):1812-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeuft MM, Houba SM, van den Berk GE, van de Haere TS, van Dam AP, Dijksman LM, et al. Protective effect of hepatitis B virus-active antiretroviral therapy against primary hepatitis B virus infection. Aids. 2014;28(7):999-1005.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShilaih M, Marzel A, Scherrer A, Braun D, Kovari H, Rougemont M. Swiss HIV Cohort Study A; Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Dually active HIV/HBV antiretrovirals as protection against incident hepatitis B infections: potential for prophylaxis. J Infect Dis. 2016;214:599-606.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeremba E, Ssempijja V, Kalibbala S, Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Nalugoda F, et al. Hepatitis B incidence and prevention with antiretroviral therapy among HIV positive individuals in Rakai, Uganda. AIDS (London, England). 2017;31(6):781.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eTable 1. Participant socio-demographic and clinical characteristics\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 283.25pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\" width=\"378\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eFrequency\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e(N=310)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; background: #F2F2F2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; color: black; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003ePercent (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 283.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"3\" width=\"378\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eAge group (years)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026le;19 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e30 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;9.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e20-24 \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e102 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e32.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e25-29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e96\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e31.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e30-34 \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e15.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026ge;35\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;11.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eAge (years): Mean (SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 2.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"192\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e25.8 (4.94)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 283.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"3\" width=\"378\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eEducation Level\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003ePrimary or lower\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e175\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e43.42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eSecondary\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e189\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e46.90\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003ePost-secondary\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; 39\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;9.68\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eTribe\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eLugbara\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e115\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e37.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eGanda\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e74\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e23.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eOthers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e121\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e39.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 283.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"3\" width=\"378\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eRegion of residence\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eWest-Nile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e155\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e50.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eCentral\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e155\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e50.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEmployment status\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eEmployed\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e165\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e53.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eNot employed\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e145\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e46.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMarital status\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eSingle\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e7.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eCo-habiting\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e91\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e29.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eMarried monogamous\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e175 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e56.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eMarried Polygamous\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e6.5\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReligion\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eRoman Catholic\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e109 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e35.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eProtestant\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e99 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e31.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eMuslim\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e65 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e21.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eOthers*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e11.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eParity\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e95\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e30.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e1-3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e176\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e56.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e4+\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e12.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eHIV Status\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003epositive\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e8.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 139.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"186\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003enegative\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e283\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.0in; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e91.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eTable 2. Association of hepatitis B infection with clinical, socio-demographic, behavioral lifestyle factors among pregnant women in Northern and Central Uganda\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 166.5pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"222\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eHBV status\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003ep-value*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSocio-demographic factors\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eAge (Years)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026le;19 \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e1 (5.26)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e29 (9.97)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"5\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e3.3939\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"5\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.605\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e20-24 \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;6 (31.58)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e106 (36.43)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e25-29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;7 (36.84)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e92 (31.62)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e30-34 \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;5 (26.32)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e46 (15.81)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026ge;35\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e18 (6.19)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eRegion of residence\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eWest Nile\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e17 (89.47)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e138 (47.42)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e12.6153\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eCentral\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;2 (10.53)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e153 (52.58)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eEducation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026le;Primary\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e5 (26.32)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e122 (41.92)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e7.3066\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.026\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eSecondary\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e9 (47.37)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e145 (49.83)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003ePost-secondary\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e5 (26.32)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e24 (8.25)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eReligion\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eCatholic\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e7 (36.84)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e102 (35.05)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.0251\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.988\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eProtestant\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e8 (42.11)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e126 (43.30)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eMuslim\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e4 (21.05)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;63 (21.65)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eMarital status\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNot currently married\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;24 (8.25)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"4\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"4\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.018\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eMarried-monogamous\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e16 (84.21)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e159 (54.64)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eMarried-polygamous\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; 2 (10.53)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e18 (6.19)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eCo-habiting\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1 (5.26)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;90 (30.93)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eOccupation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eFarmer\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e8 (42.11)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;86 (29.55)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"5\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"5\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.737\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eRestaurant \u0026amp; bar worker\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e7 (36.84)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e140 (48.11)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eHousewife\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 0 (0.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e10 (3.44)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eTeacher or civil servant\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e2 (10.53)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e25 (8.59)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eHairdresser\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e2 (10.53)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;30 (10.31)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eClinical and behavioral factors\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eHIV status\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Infected\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0 (0.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; 27 (9.28)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.390\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNot infected\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e19 (100.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e264 (90.72)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eparity\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;4 (21.05)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; 91 (31.27)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.9187\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.632\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e1-3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e12 (63.16)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e164 (56.36)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e4+\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;3 (15.79)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; 36 (12.37)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003ePreviously vaccinated for HBV\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e1 (5.26)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; 17 (5.84)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.0109\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e1.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e18 (94.74)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e274 (94.16)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eFamily h/o jaundice\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 3 (15.79)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;37 (12.71)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.1500\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.722\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;16 (84.21)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e254(87.29)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eLifetime sexual partners\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eOne\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; 12 (63.16)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; 97 (33.33)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in .0001pt 24.6pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eMore than one\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 7 (36.84)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e194 (66.67)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e6.9588\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e0.012\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 175.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"234\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 85.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"114\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 63.0pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.75pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"84\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e*P-value is for Fisher\u0026rsquo;s exact test.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eTable 3. Regional distribution of selected correlates of HBV infection\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 233.75pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"312\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 112.5pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"150\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCentral\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121.25pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"162\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNorth\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 233.75pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"312\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva; font-size: 10pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCorrelate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 112.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"150\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"162\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 233.75pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"312\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eHBsAg positivity (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 112.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"150\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"162\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 233.75pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"312\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eMedian Age\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 112.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"150\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"162\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 233.75pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"312\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026gt;primary education (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 112.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"150\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"162\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 233.75pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"312\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eSelf-reported monogamous marriage (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 112.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"150\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"162\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e84\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 233.75pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"312\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003eMedian lifetime sexual partners\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 112.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"150\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"162\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 233.75pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"312\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026gt;3 pregnancies (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 112.5pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"150\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121.25pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"162\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva;\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Hepatitis B, Pregnant women, Prevalence","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.2.11150/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.11150/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Introduction\n\nWithin sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the burden of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) is unacceptably high in several countries including Uganda. Elimination of HBV in the context of inadequate resources and several competing health issues, faces challenges including limited data on disease burden in important population sub-groups. In order to optimize available resources, reliable data on HBV among pregnant women is useful to guide policies on prevention. This study estimated HBV prevalence and related factors among pregnant women in Central and West Nile regions of Uganda\n\nMethods\n\nUsing a two-stage sampling approach, we selected a random sample of 310 pregnant women, 18 years or older from public health facility antenatal clinics in central and west Nile, North-western Uganda. Consenting women were interviewed to obtain data on HBV vaccination status, HIV status, selected sexual and lifestyle factors and socio-demographic information. In addition, they underwent phlebotomy to obtain blood for testing for hepatitis B surface antigen, (HBsAg) antibodies to the surface antigen (anti-HBs), and antibodies to the core (anti-HBc), as indicators of chronic infection, prior exposure, and susceptibility (anti-HBs \u003c10 mIU /mL), respectively.\n\nResults\n\nOut of 310 women, prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 6.2%. Prevalence in the West Nile region was notably higher than in the Central region (11.0% vs. 1.3%), p\u003c0.001. In both regions, majority of pregnant women (61% West Nile region, 76% Central region) were still susceptible to HBV. Overall, proportion who had been tested for HBV and those who reported having been vaccinated was only 5.8% and 11.3% respectively.\n\nConclusion\n\nOur findings reveal the burden of HBV in Ugandan pregnant women is still high, with marked regional differences in disease prevalence, and poor levels of HBV testing and vaccination. These data suggest that HBV prevention programs and policies in resource-limited settings like Uganda may need to consider the differential HBV prevalence, as optimizing HBV prevention services in higher prevalence regions may provide greater impact and thereby align with the WHO recommendation on HBV elimination strategy in SSA.","manuscriptTitle":"Hepatitis B Prevalence among Pregnant Women in Central and West Nile regions of Uganda: Is there a Need to prioritize Prevention of Mother to Child hepatitis B transmission?","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2019-07-09 20:13:13","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.11150/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"78111531-88fe-4142-a453-26b99fcb9481","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 9th, 2019","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":15919,"name":"Infectious Diseases"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2019-07-09 20:13:13","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2060","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"identity":"rs-2060","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"-HB7Z8yhvgn0wM9Nzuekk","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}