Tasselyzer, a machine learning method to quantify maize anther exertion, based on PlantCV

Summary Male fertility in maize involves complex genetic programming affected by environmental factors. Evaluating the presence and proportion of fertile anthers is crucial for agronomic purposes. Anthers in maize emerge from male-only florets, and quantifying anther exertion is a key indicator of male fertility; however, traditional manual scoring methods are subjective. To address this limitation, we developed an automated method, Tasselyzer , for large-scale analysis. This image-based program uses the PlantCV platform to provide a quantitative assessment of anther exertion, capturing regional differences within the tassel based on the distinct color of anthers. We successfully applied this method to diverse maize lines to demonstrate its utility for research and breeding programs. Significance Statement Tasselyzer is a novel image-based segmentation tool for automated, large-scale measurement of anther exertion and the impact of genetic and environmental variation on male fertility in maize.