Preconception Care Utilization and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Mothers Attending Antenatal Care Follow-up of Federal Police Hospital,ethiopia 2023.

Preconception Care Utilization and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Mothers Attending Antenatal Care Follow-up of Federal Police Hospital,ethiopia 2023. | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Preconception Care Utilization and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Mothers Attending Antenatal Care Follow-up of Federal Police Hospital,ethiopia 2023. Meskerem Gudeta, Fikre woldeselassie, Chala Getaneh This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8127721/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Preconception care is taking care to women and couples before conception occurs. It has a positive impact on reduction in maternal mortality and decreases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome and aimed at improving women’s health status, reducing behaviors, individual environmental factors. The existing interventions strategies are too late to prevent Adverse Pregnancy Outcome. Those services are given after the conception happened and the women aware that she is pregnant Objective Study was aimed to assess preconception care Utilization and associated factors among pregnant women attending Antenatal care at Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital from August20-september15/2023 Methods A cross-sectional study design was used among 398 pregnant women systematically selected at Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital. Data entry was done into Epi-data version 3.1and exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis using p–value < 0.05 at 95% CI was statistically significant. Bivariable analysis was performed using binary logistic regression; at (P < 0.25) was a criterion to select candidate variables for multivariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for possible confounding variables at P-value < 0.05, at 95% CI was used in judging the Statistical significance of the association. Result This study found that 19.1% of the study participants had utilized preconception care. Factors found to be show association with women’s preconception care utilization were partner support (AOR = 2.004,at 95% CI 1.104–3.638) previous history of obstetric problem(AOR = 2.290 at 95% CI, 1.219–4.303),diagnosed for Anemia(AOR = 0.187, at 95% CI, 0.046–0.770), knowledge on preconception care utilization (AOR = 2.753,at 95% CI, 1.522–4.98),Women who were advised on preconception care utilization(AOR = 6.123, at 95% CI, 2.709–13.843) and unwillingness of health care providers to give services (AOR = 0.436,at 95% CI, 0.218–0.871) were factors significantly associated with preconception care utilization. Conclusion preconception care utilization was low and partner support, previous history of obstetric problem, knowledge, getting an advice, unwillingness of service provider and being diagnosed for anemia were significantly associated with preconception care utilization Recommendation: Integrating preconception care utilization with other maternal health services, improving women’s/partiers’ knowledge and strengthening pre-pregnancy counseling services is crucial. Obstetrics & Gynecology Preconception care utilization Pregnant Women Federal Police Hospital Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Background Pre-conception care is the provision of the biomedical, behavioral and social health interventions to women and couples before conception occurs( 1 ).Preconception care (PCC) is particularly important as fetal development commences in thefirst trimester of pregnancy, before many women are aware of their pregnancy( 2 ).This care recognizes that many adolescent girls and young women will be thrust into motherhood without the knowledge, skills or support they need; and that by promoting health and providing preventive care, for better outcomes for them and their children( 3 ). Evidence strongly suggests that earlier care before pregnancy leads to improved women's health and improved pregnancy outcome for both the mother and the newborn( 4 ).The WHO passed its recommendations so that PCC can be implemented in all countries of the world including the middle and low-income countries, along with the other health service packages PCC can reduce death among mothers and children, prevent unplanned and unwanted pregnancies, prevent delivery complications, prevent stillbirth, prevent Low birth weight and preterm labor, prevent congenital anomalies and neonatal infections, prevent stunting, and prevent mother to child transmission of HIV/STIs ( 5 ). Every year, in the past 25 years, about half a million women die due to maternal causes and the sum of the consecutive maternal death reported from the year 1990–2015 results in 10.9 million estimated maternal deaths( 6 ).The risk of maternal and infant mortality and pregnancy-related complications can be reduced by increasing access to quality preconception (before pregnancy) and inter-conception (between pregnancies) care( 7 ). About 830 women die from pregnancy and childbirth related complications around the world every day and in 2015 around 303, 000 women died from pregnancy and childbirth related problem( 6 ). Most of these complications develops during pregnancy, exist before and worsened during pregnancy especially if not managed as part of the preconception care( 8 ). The lately identified but effective evidence-based intervention among the continuum of the spectrum of the maternal and child health services is preconception care which targeting the critical periods of the infant’s organ formation( 9 ). Since a majority of women are unaware of the effects of their own health conditions and health-related behaviors may have effects on the fetus, they entering in a pregnancy with various preconception risk factors to APO( 10 ). Different articles show that the women’s preconception care knowledge and practice in developing countries including Africa is low( 11 – 13 ). In Ethiopia there are no formal preconception clinics established in health care settings. Yet, preconception care is introduced during maternal and child health services like, consultations for contraception, follow-up for chronic diseases, follow up for immunizations services and during post natal care services. METHODOLOGY Study Area and period The Ethiopian Federal police hospital is found in Addis Ababa Lideta sub-city. It provides health care services for all Police members and their families in the country as a referral Hospital. A study will be conducted from August 20-september15/2023 among 398 pregnant women who are attending antenatal care at Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital. According to the hospital report 2021 more than 93,000 Outpatient attendant services, more than 10,000 maternal health care services (1588 was delivery service). The expected monthly all ANC visit (new + repeat) was 843. According to report, in the last fiscal year the percentage of at least one ANC visit was 100% and at least ANC four visits were 95%.The pregnant women tested for syphilis and HIV/AIDS were 100%, CAR was 85% and proportion of infant who received all vaccines was 91%, proportion of infant whose mothers had protective doses of TT against NNT was 83% and number of still birth in last fiscal year was eight. Study design A Hospital based cross sectional study design was carried out to conduct the study. Population Source population The source populations was all pregnant women who are attending ANC at Federal Police Hospital, Ethiopia 2023 Study unit All list of pregnant mothers attending ANC during study period at Federal Police Hospital, Ethiopia 2023 Sample population All randomly selected pregnant mothers who are attending ANC during study period Inclusion criteria All pregnant women who are attending ANC during study federal police hospital, Ethiopia 2023 Exclusion criteria Pregnant mothers who come for revisit during data collection period were excluded and the study was excluded women who severely ill at the time of data collection period since they could not able to give oral consent and relevant data. Samplesize determination The designed Sample size was calculated by single population proportion formula. The sample size calculated with following assumption: 95% confidence interval and anticipated prevalence of women’s experience on preconception care is 38.2% based on study done in west shewa oromia region(35),5% margin of error. Accordingly the required sample size will be calculated as the following n= (Z α/2) 2 * p× (1-p) d 2 Where; n = Sample size Z = the standard normal deviation at 95% confidence interval; =1.96 P = anticipated proportion of preconception care experience among ANC attendants 38.2% (0.382) d = margin of error that can be tolerated, 5% (0.05) Then the sample size could be calculated as: n= (1.96) 2 * 0.382(1- 0.382) = 362 (0.05) So, the required sample size was, 362; when P = 38.2%( 0.382); and adjusted non respondents rate of 10%, the final sample size was: 362*10%=36 and then, 362 + 36 = 398 Therefore 398 pregnant mothers on antenatal care visit were participants of the study. The sample size for the second objective was calculated by using Epi info version7 software by taking 80% power and 95% confidence interval. Therefore the calculated sample size for the second objective was lower than the first objective sample; then the final sample size for the study will be the first objective sample which will be 398. Table 1Second objective sample size calculation Second objectives Factor % of outcome in exposed % of outcome in non exposed Power CI OR Total sample size Reference 1.history FP 63.3 85.3 80% 95% 0.296 143 (30) History of pregnancy induced HTN 2.2 77.9 80% 95% 0.0063 83 (64) Knowledge 5.5 94.5 80% 95% 2.5 34 (32) Sampling technique and procedure Federal police hospital is purposely selected. A samplesize of 398 were selected based on the expected number of monthly ANC attedant of pregnant women at Federal police hospitaleach (based on the last month ANC attendant report). Each pregnant mother was selected by systematic random sampling technique. The total monthly expected number of ANC attendants’Federal police hospitalis 630).The sampling interval was determined to select study participant. The monthly expected number of ANC attendant Federal police hospital was 843 and, the sampling interval value 2 will be used. Data collection tool The tool was adopted from previous literature in different parts of the world and will be modified according to local context based on objectives of the study(30, 32, 33, 35, 52). Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from the respondents. The questionnaire first prepared in English language then translated to local languages Amharic before data collection. The questionnaires was primarily contains socio-demographic data, knowledge statement on PCC, overall PCC utilization, obstetric factors data and history of chronic disease in each subsection. Data collection method The study was utilized an interviewer administered structured questionnaire Three data collectors (3 BSC degree in midwifery), and one public health officer as supervisor were involved on data collection and trained on how to access records and how to approach each item in the instrument, wisely using of time, data handling and submission of the collected data. The questionnaire was prepared in English language, translated in to a common spoken Language, Amharic and then transcribed back to English properly by expert to check its consistency Study variables Dependent variables preconception care utilization Independent variables Socio-demographic factors which includes Age, Educational status and husband’s educational status Occupation and Marital status. Obstetric factors which includes gravidity, parity, family planning use and bad obstetric history. Knowledge on preconception care which includes knowledge on benefits of PCC, knowledge on PCC components. History of maternal chronic disease which includes diabetic mellitus hypertension, asthma, Epilepsy, syphilis, anemia and HIV/AIDS. Operational definition Preconception care utilization If women received at least one types of interventions either advice or treatment and life style modification, care women received regarding components of preconception care(screened for any disease and get treatment, take folic acid, take vaccine, get counseling, cessation of alcohol and cigarette smoking, planned pregnancy) before being pregnant (50). Knowledge on PCC women’s level of knowledge on PCC was measured based on correct response using seven PCC knowledge based questions. Each correct and incorrect response was scored one and zero point respectively. Having knowledge Respondent scored greater than or equal to the mean was considered as ‘’have knowledge’’ and respondents scored less than the mean was considered as ‘’ not have knowledge on preconception care utilization’’ (30). Preconception care components In this study preconception care components are HIV testing and counseling, STI screening and treatment, chronic medical condition screening and treatment nutrition and weight monitoring counseling and ferrous supplementation, immunization(TT), Advice on cessation of alcohol and advice on cessation of cigarette smoking ,family planning(33)(50). Data quality control The Questionnaire was pre-tested on 5% of study participants in Zewditu memorial hospital two weeks before the actual data collection period to check the consistency of instruments, adequacy of variable and orders of the question. After pretest, amendment was made accordingly. The interview guide questionnaire was prepared in English and translated in to Amharic by an expert for ease of interview study participants were informed, voluntary and they could withdraw at any time with no consequence. Training will be given for data collectors and for supervisor by principal investigator on how to fill the Questionnaire and method of approaching study participants. The filled questionnaires will be Checked for completeness by the supervisors at the site of data collection and finally by Principal investigator. The data will be coded, cleaned before entered into Epi-data. Data processing and analysis method The data will be coded and entered into Epi-data version 4.2.0 and exported to SPSS version 20.0for analysis. Descriptive statistics like mean, frequency and proportion will be used and findings will be presented in texts, tables and charts. Based on the 10 knowledge items and 11 PCC utilization data will be computed an overall knowledge and utilization score for each study participant. Logistic regression including vicariate and multivariate analysis will be used to examine association between dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance considered at p-value less than 0.05. AOR at 95% CI used to show the strength and significance of that association. RESULTS Socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants A total of 398 pregnant women attending ANC were involved in the study with the response rate of 100%. The mean age of the study participants was 27.87 (± SD 5.26). As Table1 shows the majority of the study participants were married 378(95 %), 8(2. %) were divorced, 6(1.5%) were single and 3(0.8%) were widowed concerning to marital status. Most of the respondents were college and above 174 (43.4%), 154(38.7%) completed secondary school, 42(10.6%) of them were completed primary school and 27(6.8%) were not have formal education. Concerning husbands educational status 300(75.4%) of them were graduated from a college and above, 68(17.1) of them completed secondary school and only 11(2.8%) of them had no formal education The majority of the study participants were orthodox religion followers 185 (46.5%) followed by protestant religion followers 122 (30.1%) and Muslim religion followers 71(17.8%), followers. Among the total study participants 215(54.0%) were government employers, 94(23.6%) were house wives, about 54(13.6%) private business owners in their occupation(Table 2). Knowledge of pregnant women on preconception care utilization The study found that only 167(42%) of pregnant women had knowledge on PCC utilization while remaining 231(58%) pregnant women had no knowledge on PCC utilization(Figure 2). Almost more than half of the study participants 208(52.3%) had an information about preconception care utilization and agreed that using family planning before pregnancy is very important, About 124(31%) of the study participants knew the importance of TT vaccination before conception. One hundred seventy seven (44.5%) agreed about chronic medical condition screening is important before pregnancy. One hundred sixty (40.2%) of the pregnant women knew the effects of alcohol and cigarettes smoking on pregnancy before conception. One hundred fourteen (28.5%) of the study participants knew weight monitoring is important before conception. Only 72(18.1%) of the women agreed that taking folic acid to avoid neutral tube defects is important before pregnancy. A 128(32.2%) of the respondents knew about STI and HIV/AIDS screening is important before conception(Table 3). Source of information on preconception care utilization More than half of the study participants 216(54.3%) heard about preconception care utilization. The study participants were asked to indicate the source of information on preconception care utilization and only 181(45.47%) indicated source of information. One hundred thirty three (33.4%) of the women reported they were heard from health care facilities which was the most reported source of information. Thirty two (8%) of study participants were heard from mass media about preconception care utilization, twenty nine (7.3%) heard from community and Only 19(4.8%) of them heard from religious institution which is the least source of information (Table 4). Obstetric characteristics of study participants More than half (66.8%), (66.3%) of the pregnant women were multigravida and nulipara respectively. One third (31.7%) and 33.2% of the women were multipara and primigravida respectively. Majority of the respondents 318 (79.9%) of the current pregnancy were planned pregnancy the rest 20.1% were unplanned. Majority, 299(75.1%) of respondents had no previous obstetric problem outcome and the rest 99(24 %) of respondents had reported previous obstetric problem in which the most reported adverse obstetric outcome was abortion 46(11.6%) and congenital malformation 37(9.3%) respectively. Among the study participants who were married more than half 53.5% of respondents had support from their husbands for preconception care utilization. One hundred thirty eight 34.7% of women reported unavailability of preconception care utilization unit in health facility is a problem. Majority 96.5% of the respondents reported that no traditional and cultural obstacles to utilize preconception care(Table 5). Pregnant women preconception care utilization Seventy six (19.1%) of pregnant women utilized preconception care. As Table 6 shows the most utilized component of preconception care was family planning 18(4.5%) while the least utilized component of preconception care was folic acid utilization 4 (1%). Among the study participants 9 (2.26%) utilized TT vaccination before pregnancy, 12(3%) screened for chronic medical condition, 7(1.76%) got advice on the effects of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking on their health and pregnancy outcome. Only 8(2%) women were monitored their weight before pregnancy and 11(2.76%) of them were utilized HIV/AIDS screening before conception(Table 6). Maternal chronic disease Pregnant women were asked for chronic medical condition they were diagnosed before current pregnancy. Thirty one (7.8%) of the women were diagnosed for Anemia, 27(6.8%) of them diagnosed for Hypertension, fourteen (3.5%) of the women were diagnosed for Diabetes mellitus and only three (0.8%0 of the pregnant women were reported that they were diagnosed for HIV/AIDS before current pregnancy(Table 7). Health care provider factors Majority, 269 (67.6%) of the participants reported that health care provider’s sex was female and 120 (30.2%) of the health care providers were unwilling to provide counseling and services related to preconception care utilization, where as only 146(36.7%) of the participants reported that the health care providers were knowledgeable on preconception care utilization. Eighty four(21.1%) of the study participants confirmed that they were disrespected during services and only 81(20.4%) study participants were counseled on preconception care utilization services at study area and only 116(29.1%) of them were reported that health care providers listened them carefully and answered the question they raised(Table 8). Associated factors with preconception care utilization In binary logistic regression twenty nine variables were entered in to analysis with dependent variable to determine the significance of each variable. The significance level of each variable was checked (p<0.25) and ten variables were significantly associated in binary logistic regression with dependent variable. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify set of predictor variables for preconception care utilization among different variables. The significant variables were Women’s knowledge on preconception care utilization, occupational status, previous history of obstetric problem, being diagnosed for anemia, being diagnosed for Asthma, having an information about preconception care utilization, getting an advice on the service, unavailability of preconception care utilization unit in hospital, partner support on preconception care utilization, unwillingness of service provider on preconception care utilization were variables identified as After controlling for the effect of potential confounding variables using multivariable logistic regression, partner support on preconception care services, previous history of obstetric problem, Women’s knowledge, getting an advice on the service, unwillingness of service provider on preconception care utilization and being diagnosed for anemia were remained significantly associated with preconception care utilization services with 95% CI (p. value<0.05). Variables significantly associated in binary logistic regression but insignificant in multivariable logistic regression were being diagnosed for Asthma and hypertension, Women’s occupation and unavailability of preconception care unit in health facilities with 95% CI(p<0.25) were significant in binary analysis but insignificantly associated in multivariable analysis with preconception care utilization. As well as ever heard about preconception care, educational status of the respondent and husbands were also significant in binary analysis and not significant in multivariable logistic regression analysis. The study showed that six factors found to be significantly associated with women’s preconception care utilization. Pregnant women who had a partner support on preconception care service with 95% CI (AOR=1.104-3.638) (p=0.022)were 2.004 times more likely to utilize preconception care services than their counter parts. This implies partner involvement in PCC service could improve women’s service utilization. Women who have previous history of obstetric problem with 95% CI, (AOR=1.219-4.303) (P=0.010 ) were 2.290 times more likely to utilized preconception care services than their counter parts. Pregnant women, who were diagnosed for Anemia with 95% CI, (AOR=0.046-0.770) (P= 0.020) were 81.3% less likely to utilize preconception care services than women who were not diagnosed for Anemia. Pregnant women who had a good knowledge on preconception care utilization with 95% CI, (AOR=1.522-4.98) (P=0.001 ) were 2.753 times more likely to utilize preconception care services than their counter parts. Women who were advised on preconception care utilization with 95% CI, (AOR=2.709-13.843) (P=0.000)were 6.123 times more likely to utilize preconception care services than their counter parts and women who reported that the unwillingness of health care providers to give services with 95% CI, (AOR=0.218-0.871) (P=0.019 ) were 56.4% times less likely to utilize preconception care services than their counter parts(Table 9). DISCUSSION Understanding of Preconception care utilization is essential for many developing countries especially Sub-Saharan African countries, such as Ethiopia, where adverse pregnancy outcome remains alarmingly high( 32 ). This hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the utilization of preconception care and its associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital. This study found that 19.1% of the study participants had utilized preconception care. Partner support on preconception care utilization, previous history of obstetric problem, Women’s knowledge on preconception care utilization, getting an advice on the service, unwillingness of service provider on preconception care utilization and being diagnosed for anemia were found to be independent factors affecting the utilization of PCC utilization among pregnant women in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital Ethiopia. The preconception care utilization prevalence 19.1% obtained by this study is similar with different studies done in Kenya( 52 ), SNN Hossana( 65 ) and hawassa( 31 ). This similarity might be due to the study setting, design and socioeconomic similarity among participants. This finding is higher than the report from the study done in Sudan ( 25 ) Abakalik, Southern Nigeria( 28 ), Debre Berhan( 66 ) and is higher than study conducted in Debre Marikos town and mekele town ( 32 ) in Ethiopia where only 8.4% of pregnant women were utilized Preconception care services( 33 ).This variability may be related to difference in study population, level of education, culture and study setting. However this study is far lower than the conducted in Iran (68.8%), France (85%) Jordan(85%) and in USA (76%) ( 13 , 46 , 47 ) and study in west shoa which showed that 38.2% of the women who attended ANC were experienced preconception care. This might be due to difference in study setting since the previous study was facility based and difference in study population ( 35 ) and the other study conducted in sendafa town health facilities which showed 58.2% ( 67 ). This discrepancy might be due to the difference in access to information and low relative media coverage, socio economic status and quality of health care system. This study also identifies factors associated with preconception care utilization. The current study indicated that women who had previous obstetric problem were two times more likely utilized preconception care than those who had no previous obstetric problem ever. This finding was similar with previous study conducted in mizan Aman Mekelle, London, and Iran ( 32 , 46 , 68 , 69 ). This showed that women who had previous obstetric problem were more likely to utilized preconception care. This might be due to increased self-responsibility and those women were more conscious on their next pregnancy. In addition, this study indicated that women who had good knowledge on preconception care utilization were almost three times more likely to utilized preconception care than women who had poor knowledge on preconception care. This finding was similar with previous study conducted in Mekelle, Debre Birhan, Nepal and Nigeria( 32 , 33 , 48 , 53 ) which showed that knowledgeable women were more likely utilized preconception care. This might be due to increase health seeking behavior of the women and highly motivated to get services. In addition, this might be due to increase positive behavior towards the action. This implies that improving the women’s knowledge could improve the utilization of preconception care. This clearly showed that a lot need to be done to improve knowledge of the women towards preconception care in the study area and in the country for the improvement of preconception care utilization. This study revealed that women who had a partner support on Preconception care utilization were two times more likely to utilized PCC than their counter parts. Study from Egypt and Ethiopia, Mekele town, Debre Berhan town also in line with this study and this may be due to having reproductive health policies including male involvement strategies promoting maternal and child health care services. In addition women who have partner support can discuss more about the importance and benefit of PCC services( 11 , 32 , 33 ). The study also found that being diagnosed for Anemia was negatively associated with women’s preconception care utilization. In this study Women who were being diagnosed for Anemia were 81.3% less likely to utilized PCC than their counter parts. But the study from Jordan and china are contrast with this study showing that no association between being diagnosed for anemia and PCC utilization ( 44 , 54 ). This might be the difference between socio-demographic differences between study participants. The other factor which showed statistically significant association with preconception care utilization was advice received on preconception care previously. Women who were advised on preconception care utilization were 6.123 times more likely to utilized preconception care than their counter parts. This could explained as follows; women who received advice regarding preconception care are more likely to get preconception care and tend to undergo lifestyle modifications related with preconception care. Those women who advised to control preexisting medical conditions or take folic acid supplementation or undergo weight management or diet modification are more likely to undertake these interventions than other women who didn’t get this advice. This finding is supported by study carried out at teaching hospital in Southeast Nigeria which revealed that there were statistically significant correlation between utilization of preconception care and information from doctors. This implies that strengthening counseling services provided for women can increase women utilization of preconception services and help them to start their pregnancy at best possible health. The other associated factor revealed in this study was unwillingness of health care provider to provide PCC. Women who reported that the unwillingness of health care providers to give PCC were 56.4% less likely to utilize preconception care services than their counter parts STRENGTH AND LIMITATION Limitation of the study A limitation of this study is that it is purely quantitative and does not have capacity to explore contextual and social factors that may be limiting women in preconception care services. It is also prone to recall bias as women were asked about pre-pregnancy care for the current pregnancy Strength of the study In this study Participants were recruited using probability sampling technique and larger sample size. CONCLUSION The finding of this study showed that preconception care utilization was low and partner support on preconception care utilization, previous history of obstetric problem, Women’s knowledge on preconception care utilization, getting an advice on preconception care utilization, unwillingness of service provider on preconception care utilization and being diagnosed for anemia were significantly associated with preconception care utilization services RECOMMENDATION For Ethiopian Federal Police hospital Integrating preconception care services with other maternal neonatal child health, improving women’s/couples knowledge & strengthening counseling services is vital. Mobilizing and motivating health care providers’ through on job training in collaboration with governmental and non-governmental stake holders work in area of maternal and child health to increase women preconception care utilization and CRC. Information, education, and communication (IEC) activities should be strengthened at all level of Federal police commission health facilities that increase the awareness of mothers about preconception care. For health care providers Providing Health education for women in reproductive age groups on preconception care services, its components and importance at all level of health care setting to increase the uptake of preconception care services by integrating with other maternal health services. Recognize the role of male partner in preconception care services; through education, men will likely increase the awareness of these issues among married couples and male involvement should be encouraged for provision of partner support. Encourage male involvement by health extension workers Applying CRC at all health service settings For researchers in academic area Further qualitative research should be done on the relationship factors associated and the preconception care utilization services. It would be better to design culturally appropriate, evidence-based policy, strategically interventions and programs which encompass the all components of preconception care which will be changing into the action. Abbreviations ANC…………………….. Antenatal care APO ………………….. Adverse pregnancy outcome BMI……………………. Body mass index CVD……………………..Cardiovascular disease EDHS……………………Ethiopian demographic health survey GDM……………………. Gestational diabetic mellitus HIV………………………. Human immune virus IMR……………………… Infant mortality rate LTR………………………. Life time risk MNCH……………………..Maternal, newborn and child health NMR………………………. Neonatal mortality rate NTD…………………………Neural tube defect PCC………………………….Preconception care PNC………………………...Postnatal care PRAMS…………………….. Pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system RH………………………….. Reproductive health SDG………………………….Sustainable development goal UN…………………………..United nation WHO………………………..World health organization Declarations Ethical clearance and support letter was obtained from Addis Ababa medical and Business college Ethical review Committee. Permission to letter to gather data was obtained from Federal Police Hospital administrative office. An information sheet was provided for study participants on the introductory part of the questionnaires and interview topic guide that further explains the study purpose and confidentiality of the research information. In addition, oral consent was sought from the study participants prior to data collection.Respondents have the right not to participate or withdraw from the study at any stage, and all study methods was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval and consent to participate ; Ethical clearance and support letter will be obtained from Addis Ababa medical and Business college Ethical review Committee. Permission to letter to gather data will be obtained from Federal Police Hospital administrative office. An information sheet will be provided for study participants on the introductory part of the questionnaires and interview topic guide that further explains the study purpose and confidentiality of the research information. In addition, oral consent will be sought from the study participants prior to data collection.Respondents have the right not to participate or withdraw from the study at any stage, and all study methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication ; Not applicable. Availability of data and materials; The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request Competing interests; The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest Funding ; Not applicable. Author contributions; M,G; Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing and original draft. F,W; Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft C,G,Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Writing, review & editing Acknowledgements ; The authors would like to express their gratitude to respective health facility, data collectors, supervisors and study participants for their diligence and dedication in the collecting and inputting high quality data used in the study. References Mason E, Chandra-Mouli V, Baltag V, Christiansen C, Lassi ZS, Bhutta ZA (2014) Preconception care: Advancing from important to do and can be done to is being done and is making a difference. Reprod Health [Internet]. ;11(Suppl 3):S8. 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Available from: https://globalmotherchildresearch.tghn.org/site_media/media/articles/Preconception_Report.pdf Tables Table 2 Socio demographic characteristics of pregnant women in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023(n=398) Variables Frequency Percent (%) Women’s Age(yeas) 15-24 119 29.9 25-34 229 57.5 35 and older 47 11.8 Marital status Married 378 95.0 Single 6 1.5 Divorced 8 2.0 Widow 3 0.8 Other 2 0.5 Women’s educational Status No formal education 27 6.8 Primary school 42 10.6 Secondary school 154 38.7 College and above 174 43.7 Husband Educational Status No formal education 11 2.8 Primary school 18 4.5 Secondary school 68 17.1 College and above 300 75.4 Women’s Occupation House wife 94 23.6 Private business 54 13.6 Government employee 215 54.0 Others 34 8.5 Family size Less than 4 308 77.4 4 and above 89 22.4 Religion orthodox 185 46.5 Muslim 71 17.8 Protestant 122 30.7 Others 20 5.0 Table 3 pregnant women’s knowledge level on preconception care utilization in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia,2023(n=398) Knowledge Variables Response Frequency Percent (%) Ever heard about PCC utilization Yes 208 52.3 No 190 47.7 Using FP before pregnancy is important Yes 208 52.3 No 190 47.7 Vaccinated of TT before pregnancy is important Yes 124 31.2 No 274 68.8 Screened for chronic medical illness when planned to pregnancy is important Yes 177 44.5 No 221 55.5 Avoiding taking alcohol and cigarette when planned to pregnancy is important Yes 160 40.2 No 238 59.8 Keeping body weight when intended to pregnant is important Yes 114 28.6 No 284 71.4 Taking folic acid to avoid neutral tube defects is important Yes 72 18.1 No 326 81.9 Testing for STI/HIV when intended to pregnant is important Yes 128 32.2 No 270 67.8 Table 4 pregnant women’s source of information on preconception care utilization in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia,2023(n=398) Source of information Response Frequency Percent (%) Community Yes 29 7.3 No 190 47.7 Religious organization Yes 19 4.8 No 190 47.7 Health Care facilities Yes 133 33.4 No 274 68.8 Mass media Yes 32 8.0 No 221 55.5 Others Yes 4 1.0 No 221 55.5 Table 5 pregnant women’s obstetric characteristics in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023(n=398) Obstetric Characteristics Frequency Percent (%) Parity Nulipara 272 68.3 Multipara 126 31.7 Gravidity Primigravida 132 33.2 Multigravida 266 66.8 obstetric problem Yes 99 24.9 No 299 75.1 Previous obstetric problem Abortion 46 11.6 Congenital malformation 37 9.3 Still birth 10 2.5 Neonatal death 6 1.5 Planned pregnancy Yes 318 79.9 No 80 20.1 Partners support for PCC Yes 213 53.5 No 185 46.5 Unavailability of PCC utilization unit Yes 138 34.7 No 260 65.3 traditional and cultural obstacles Yes 14 3.5 No 384 96.5 Table 6 preconception care utilization service characteristics in Ethiopia Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023(n=398) Variables Response Frequency Percent (%) Utilized FP Yes 18 4.5 No 380 95.5 Immunized against tetanus Yes 9 2.26 No 389 97.74 Screened for any medical condition during preconception Yes 12 3.0 No 386 97 Advised on the effects of alcohol and cigarette smoking Yes 7 1.76 No 391 98.24 Weight monitored before conception Yes 8 2.01 No 390 97.99 Screened for HIV/AIDS before current pregnancy Yes 11 2.76 No 387 97.23 Screened for another STIs Yes 7 1.76 No 391 98.24 Consumed folic acid supplementation three months before conception Yes 4 1.00 No 394 99 Table 7maternal chronic disease characteristics among pregnant women in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023(n=398) Maternal chronic disease Response Frequency Percent (%) Hypertension Yes 27 6.8 No 371 93.2 Diabetes mellitus Yes 14 3.5 No 384 96.5 HIV/AIDS Yes 3 0.8 No 395 99.2 Epilepsy Yes 5 1.3 No 393 98.7 Asthma Yes 8 2.0 No 390 98.0 Anemia Yes 31 7.8 No 367 92.2 Syphilis Yes 3 0.8 No 395 99.2 Table 8 Health care provider’s factors on preconception care utilization among pregnant women in Ethiopian Federal Hospital, Addis Ababa , Ethiopia,2023(n=398) Maternal chronic disease Response Frequency Percent (%) Counseled on Preconception utilization Yes 81 20.4 No 317 79.6 Disrespected during services Yes 84 21.1 No 314 78.9 Service provider knowledgeable Yes 146 36.7 No 252 63.3 Unwillingness Yes 120 30.2 No 278 69.8 Health care provider listen carefully Yes 116 29.1 No 282 70.9 Sex of the service provider male 129 32.4 female 269 67.6 Table 9Binary and Multivariable logistic regression Analysis on preconception care utilization among ANC attendant in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (n=398) Variables PCC utilization COR (95%) CI AOR (95%) CI sig. Yes No Partner support Yes 24 161 1.499(0.804,2.796) 0.203* 2.004 (1.104-3.638) 0 . 022 ** No 52 161 1 Obstetric problem Yes 26 73 2.441(1.267,4.703),0.008* 2.290 (1.219-4.303) 0 .010 ** No 249 50 1 Diagnosed for Anemia Yes 3 28 0.346(0.90-1.314) 0.119* 0.187 (.046-.770) 0. 020 No 294 73 1 Diagnosed for Asthma Yes 3 5 0.004 * 1.208(0.422-3.456) 0.725 No 317 73 1 Knowledge on PCC Good 50 117 3.323(1.796-6.676) 0.000* 2.753 (1.522-4.981) 0 .001 ** Poor 26 205 1 Advised on utilization yes 22 59 1.236(0.0477-1.387) 0.093 6.123 (2.709-13.843) 0 .000 ** no 54 263 1 Diagnosed for HTN Yes 3 24 0.398(0.085-1.866) 0.243 * 0.399 (0.096-1.652) 0.205 No 73 298 1 Unavailability of unit Yes 113 209 0.246(0.0 51-1.183) 0.080* 0.310 (0.065-1.472) 0.141 No 25 51 1 unwillingness of HCP Yes 17 103 1.851(0.306-1.851) 0.000* 0.436 (0.218-.871 ) 0.019 ** No 59 219 1 occupation of women Gov’t employed 53 188 0.716(0.352-2.462) 0.000* 2.952 (0.782-11.141) 0.110 Unemployed 12 145 *significant at p-value<0.25, ** significant at p-value <0.05, COR crude odd ratio, Adjusted odd ratio, p-value for COR p-value for AOR., 1- logical reference. 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11:52:57","extension":"html","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":200330,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8127721/v1/0babcf3e067b5e120945030f.html"},{"id":96557282,"identity":"a78b8fd0-161e-4959-8e7a-3b79cfedb971","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-23 11:52:57","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":54539,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eschematic presentation of sampling technique on preconception care utilization among ANC attendants at Federal Police Hospital, 2023\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8127721/v1/0f2c1a939ce0ad8ce896a252.jpg"},{"id":96557284,"identity":"d70bdb3f-7e7e-4995-9ae8-b16cdd0dcb2f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-23 11:52:57","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":25502,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003epregnant women’s knowledge level on preconception care Utilization in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,2023(n=398)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8127721/v1/a43cd75c7b5d2352b61b5af9.png"},{"id":97248318,"identity":"eca1c7cd-b187-4a3e-a7ff-3099954cdebd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 12:53:00","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2052603,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8127721/v1/9f300a5c-0f73-42be-bac0-46d7d1cc2da1.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003ePreconception Care Utilization and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Mothers Attending Antenatal Care Follow-up of Federal Police Hospital,ethiopia 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003ePre-conception care is the provision of the biomedical, behavioral and social health interventions to women and couples before conception occurs(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).Preconception care (PCC) is particularly important as fetal development commences in thefirst trimester of pregnancy, before many women are aware of their pregnancy(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).This care recognizes that many adolescent girls and young women will be thrust into motherhood without the knowledge, skills or support they need; and that by promoting health and providing preventive care, for better outcomes for them and their children(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEvidence strongly suggests that earlier care before pregnancy leads to improved women's health and improved pregnancy outcome for both the mother and the newborn(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).The WHO passed its recommendations so that PCC can be implemented in all countries of the world including the middle and low-income countries, along with the other health service packages PCC can reduce death among mothers and children, prevent unplanned and unwanted pregnancies, prevent delivery complications, prevent stillbirth, prevent Low birth weight and preterm labor, prevent congenital anomalies and neonatal infections, prevent stunting, and prevent mother to child transmission of HIV/STIs (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEvery year, in the past 25 years, about half a million women die due to maternal causes and the sum of the consecutive maternal death reported from the year 1990\u0026ndash;2015 results in 10.9\u0026nbsp;million estimated maternal deaths(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).The risk of maternal and infant mortality and pregnancy-related complications can be reduced by increasing access to quality preconception (before pregnancy) and inter-conception (between pregnancies) care(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). About 830 women die from pregnancy and childbirth related complications around the world every day and in 2015 around 303, 000 women died from pregnancy and childbirth related problem(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). Most of these complications develops during pregnancy, exist before and worsened during pregnancy especially if not managed as part of the preconception care(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe lately identified but effective evidence-based intervention among the continuum of the spectrum of the maternal and child health services is preconception care which targeting the critical periods of the infant\u0026rsquo;s organ formation(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Since a majority of women are unaware of the effects of their own health conditions and health-related behaviors may have effects on the fetus, they entering in a pregnancy with various preconception risk factors to APO(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDifferent articles show that the women\u0026rsquo;s preconception care knowledge and practice in developing countries including Africa is low(\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR12\" citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn Ethiopia there are no formal preconception clinics established in health care settings. Yet, preconception care is introduced during maternal and child health services like, consultations for contraception, follow-up for chronic diseases, follow up for immunizations services and during post natal care services.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"METHODOLOGY","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStudy Area and period\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe Ethiopian Federal police hospital is found in Addis Ababa Lideta sub-city. It provides health care services for all Police members and their families in the country as a referral Hospital. A study will be conducted from August 20-september15/2023 among 398 pregnant women who are attending antenatal care at Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAccording to the hospital report 2021 more than 93,000 Outpatient attendant services, more than 10,000 maternal health care services (1588 was delivery service). The expected monthly all ANC visit (new\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;repeat) was 843. According to report, in the last fiscal year the percentage of at least one ANC visit was 100% and at least ANC four visits were 95%.The pregnant women tested for syphilis and HIV/AIDS were 100%, CAR was 85% and proportion of infant who received all vaccines was 91%, proportion of infant whose mothers had protective doses of TT against NNT was 83% and number of still birth in last fiscal year was eight.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy design\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Hospital based cross sectional study design was carried out to conduct the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePopulation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eSource population\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe source populations was all pregnant women who are attending ANC at Federal Police Hospital, Ethiopia 2023\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy unit\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll list of pregnant mothers attending ANC during study period at Federal Police Hospital, Ethiopia 2023\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eSample population\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAll randomly selected pregnant mothers who are attending ANC during study period\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInclusion criteria\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll pregnant women who are attending ANC during study federal police hospital, Ethiopia 2023\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eExclusion criteria\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePregnant mothers who come for revisit during data collection period were excluded and the study was excluded women who severely ill at the time of data collection period since they could not able to give oral consent and relevant data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eSamplesize determination\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe designed Sample size was calculated by single population proportion formula. The sample size calculated with following assumption: 95% confidence interval and anticipated prevalence of women\u0026rsquo;s experience on preconception care is 38.2% based on study done in west shewa oromia region(35),5% margin of error.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAccordingly the required sample size will be calculated as the following\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en= \u003cu\u003e(Z \u0026alpha;/2)\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e * p\u0026times; (1-p)\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; d\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhere; n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Sample size Z\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;the standard normal deviation at 95% confidence interval; =1.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;anticipated proportion of preconception care experience among ANC attendants 38.2% (0.382) d\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;margin of error that can be tolerated, 5% (0.05) Then the sample size could be calculated as:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en= \u003cu\u003e(1.96)\u003csup\u003e2 *\u003c/sup\u003e0.382(1- 0.382)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;362\u003c/u\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; (0.05)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSo, the required sample size was, 362; when P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38.2%( 0.382); and adjusted non respondents rate of 10%, the final sample size was: 362*10%=36 and then, 362\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;36\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;398\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTherefore 398 pregnant mothers on antenatal care visit were participants of the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe sample size for the second objective was calculated by using Epi info version7 software by taking \u003cstrong\u003e80%\u003c/strong\u003e power and \u003cstrong\u003e95%\u003c/strong\u003e confidence interval. Therefore the calculated sample size for the second objective was lower than the first objective sample; then the final sample size for the study will be the first objective sample which will be \u003cstrong\u003e398.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;1Second objective sample size calculation\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"621\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecond objectives\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFactor\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e% of outcome in exposed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e% of outcome in non exposed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePower\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal sample size\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.history FP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.296\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHistory of pregnancy induced HTN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0063\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(64)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnowledge\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(32)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eSampling technique and procedure\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFederal police hospital is purposely selected. A samplesize of 398 were selected based on the expected number of monthly ANC attedant of pregnant women at Federal police hospitaleach (based on the last month ANC attendant report). Each pregnant mother was selected by systematic random sampling technique. The total monthly expected number of ANC attendants\u0026rsquo;Federal police hospitalis 630).The sampling interval was determined to select study participant. The monthly expected number of ANC attendant Federal police hospital was 843 and, the sampling interval value 2 will be used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eData collection tool\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe tool was adopted from previous literature in different parts of the world and will be modified according to local context based on objectives of the study(30, 32, 33, 35, 52). Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from the respondents. The questionnaire first prepared in English language then translated to local languages Amharic before data collection. The questionnaires was primarily contains socio-demographic data, knowledge statement on PCC, overall PCC utilization, obstetric factors data and history of chronic disease in each subsection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eData collection method\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study was utilized an interviewer administered structured questionnaire Three data collectors (3 BSC degree in midwifery), and one public health officer as supervisor were involved on data collection and trained on how to access records and how to approach each item in the instrument, wisely using of time, data handling and submission of the collected data. The questionnaire was prepared in English language, translated in to a common spoken Language, Amharic and then transcribed back to English properly by expert to check its consistency\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStudy variables\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eDependent variables\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epreconception care utilization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eIndependent variables\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSocio-demographic factors which includes Age, Educational status and husband\u0026rsquo;s educational status Occupation and Marital status.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eObstetric factors which includes gravidity, parity, family planning use and bad obstetric history.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnowledge on preconception care which includes knowledge on benefits of PCC, knowledge on PCC components.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHistory of maternal chronic disease which includes diabetic mellitus hypertension, asthma, Epilepsy, syphilis, anemia and HIV/AIDS.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eOperational definition\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePreconception care utilization\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIf women received at least one types of interventions either advice or treatment and life style modification, care women received regarding components of preconception care(screened for any disease and get treatment, take folic acid, take vaccine, get counseling, cessation of alcohol and cigarette smoking, planned pregnancy) before being pregnant (50).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKnowledge on PCC\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewomen\u0026rsquo;s level of knowledge on PCC was measured based on correct response using seven PCC knowledge based questions. Each correct and incorrect response was scored one and zero point respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHaving knowledge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRespondent scored greater than or equal to the mean was considered as \u0026lsquo;\u0026rsquo;have knowledge\u0026rsquo;\u0026rsquo; and respondents scored less than the mean was considered as \u0026lsquo;\u0026rsquo; not have knowledge on preconception care utilization\u0026rsquo;\u0026rsquo; (30).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePreconception care components\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn this study preconception care components are HIV testing and counseling, STI screening and treatment, chronic medical condition screening and treatment nutrition and weight monitoring counseling and ferrous supplementation, immunization(TT), Advice on cessation of alcohol and advice on cessation of cigarette smoking ,family planning(33)(50).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eData quality control\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe Questionnaire was pre-tested on 5% of study participants in Zewditu memorial hospital two weeks before the actual data collection period to check the consistency of instruments, adequacy of variable and orders of the question. After pretest, amendment was made accordingly. The interview guide questionnaire was prepared in English and translated in to Amharic by an expert for ease of interview study participants were informed, voluntary and they could withdraw at any time with no consequence.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTraining will be given for data collectors and for supervisor by principal investigator on how to fill the Questionnaire and method of approaching study participants. The filled questionnaires will be Checked for completeness by the supervisors at the site of data collection and finally by Principal investigator. The data will be coded, cleaned before entered into Epi-data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eData processing and analysis method\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe data will be coded and entered into Epi-data version 4.2.0 and exported to SPSS version 20.0for analysis. Descriptive statistics like mean, frequency and proportion will be used and findings will be presented in texts, tables and charts. Based on the 10 knowledge items and 11 PCC utilization data will be computed an overall knowledge and utilization score for each study participant. Logistic regression including vicariate and multivariate analysis will be used to examine association between dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance considered at p-value less than 0.05. AOR at 95% CI used to show the strength and significance of that association.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003ch2\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics of the study participants\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 398 pregnant women attending ANC were involved in the study with the response rate of 100%. The mean age of the study participants was 27.87 (± SD 5.26). As Table1 shows the majority of the study participants were married 378(95 %), 8(2. %) were divorced, 6(1.5%) were single and 3(0.8%) were widowed concerning to marital status. Most of the respondents were college and above 174 (43.4%), 154(38.7%) completed secondary school, 42(10.6%) of them were completed primary school and 27(6.8%) were not have formal education.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcerning \u0026nbsp; husbands educational status 300(75.4%) of them were graduated from a college and above, 68(17.1) of them completed secondary school and only 11(2.8%) of them had no formal education\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the study participants were orthodox religion followers 185 (46.5%) followed by protestant religion followers 122 (30.1%) and Muslim religion followers 71(17.8%), followers. Among the total study participants 215(54.0%) were government employers, 94(23.6%) were house wives, about 54(13.6%) private business owners in their occupation(Table 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc44394057\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Knowledge of pregnant women on preconception care utilization\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study found that only 167(42%) of pregnant women had knowledge on PCC utilization while remaining 231(58%) pregnant women had no knowledge on PCC utilization(Figure 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlmost more than half of the study participants 208(52.3%) had an information about preconception care utilization and agreed that using family planning before pregnancy is very important, \u0026nbsp;About 124(31%) of the study participants knew the \u0026nbsp;importance of TT vaccination before conception.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne hundred seventy seven (44.5%) agreed about chronic medical condition screening is important before pregnancy. One hundred sixty (40.2%) of the pregnant women knew the effects of alcohol and cigarettes smoking on pregnancy before conception.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne hundred fourteen (28.5%) of the study participants knew weight monitoring is important before conception. \u0026nbsp;Only 72(18.1%) of the women agreed that\u0026nbsp;taking folic acid to avoid neutral tube defects is\u0026nbsp;important before pregnancy. A 128(32.2%) of the respondents knew about STI and HIV/AIDS screening is important before conception(Table 3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u0026nbsp;Source of information on preconception care utilization\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore than half of the study participants 216(54.3%) heard about preconception care utilization. The study participants were asked to indicate the source of information on preconception care utilization and only 181(45.47%) indicated source of information. One hundred thirty three (33.4%) of the women reported they were heard from health care facilities which was the most reported source of information. Thirty two (8%) of study participants were heard from mass media about preconception care utilization, twenty nine (7.3%) heard from community and Only 19(4.8%) of them heard from religious institution which is the least source of information (Table 4).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc155702350\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Obstetric characteristics of study participants\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMore than half (66.8%), (66.3%) of the pregnant women were multigravida and nulipara respectively. One third (31.7%) and 33.2% of the women were multipara and primigravida respectively. Majority of the respondents 318 (79.9%) of the current pregnancy were planned pregnancy the rest 20.1% were unplanned.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajority, 299(75.1%) of respondents had no previous obstetric problem outcome and the rest 99(24 %) of respondents had reported previous obstetric problem in which the most reported adverse obstetric outcome was abortion 46(11.6%) and congenital malformation 37(9.3%) respectively. Among the study participants who were married more than half 53.5% of respondents had support from their husbands for preconception care utilization. One hundred thirty eight 34.7% of women reported unavailability of preconception care utilization unit in health facility is a problem. \u0026nbsp;Majority 96.5% of the respondents reported that no traditional and cultural obstacles to utilize preconception care(Table 5).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc155702351\"\u003ePregnant women preconception care utilization\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeventy six (19.1%) of pregnant women utilized preconception care. As Table 6 shows the most utilized component of preconception care was family planning 18(4.5%) while the least utilized component of preconception care was folic \u0026nbsp; acid utilization 4 (1%).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong the study participants 9 (2.26%) utilized TT vaccination before pregnancy, 12(3%) screened for chronic medical condition, 7(1.76%) got advice on the effects of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking on their health and pregnancy outcome. Only 8(2%) women were monitored their weight before pregnancy and 11(2.76%) of them were utilized HIV/AIDS screening before conception(Table 6).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc155702352\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Maternal chronic disease\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePregnant women were asked for chronic medical condition they were diagnosed before current pregnancy. Thirty one (7.8%) of the women were diagnosed for Anemia, 27(6.8%) of them diagnosed for Hypertension, fourteen (3.5%) of the women were diagnosed for Diabetes mellitus and only three (0.8%0 of the pregnant women were reported that they were diagnosed for HIV/AIDS before current pregnancy(Table 7).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc155702353\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; Health care provider factors\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMajority, 269 (67.6%) of the participants reported that health care provider’s sex was female and 120 (30.2%) of the health care providers were unwilling to provide counseling and services related to preconception care utilization, where as only 146(36.7%) of the participants reported that the health care providers were knowledgeable on preconception care utilization. Eighty four(21.1%) of the study \u0026nbsp;participants confirmed that they were disrespected during services and only 81(20.4%) study participants were counseled on preconception care utilization services at study area and only 116(29.1%) of them were reported that health care providers listened them carefully and answered the question they raised(Table 8).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc155702354\"\u003eAssociated factors with preconception care utilization\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn binary logistic regression twenty nine variables were entered in to analysis with dependent variable to determine the significance of each variable. The significance level of each variable was checked (p\u0026lt;0.25) and ten variables were significantly associated in binary logistic regression with dependent variable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify set of predictor variables for preconception care utilization among different variables. The significant variables were Women’s knowledge on preconception care utilization, occupational status, previous history of obstetric problem, being diagnosed for anemia, being diagnosed for Asthma, having an information about preconception care utilization, getting an advice on the service, unavailability of preconception care utilization unit in hospital, partner support on preconception care utilization, unwillingness of service provider on preconception care utilization were variables identified as \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter controlling for the effect of potential confounding variables using multivariable logistic regression, partner support on preconception care services, previous history of obstetric problem, Women’s knowledge, getting an advice on the service, unwillingness of service provider on preconception care utilization and being diagnosed for anemia were remained significantly associated with preconception care utilization services with 95% CI (p. value\u0026lt;0.05).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVariables significantly associated in binary logistic regression but insignificant in multivariable logistic regression were being diagnosed for Asthma and hypertension, Women’s occupation and unavailability of preconception care unit in health facilities with 95% CI(p\u0026lt;0.25) were significant in binary analysis but insignificantly associated in multivariable analysis with preconception care utilization. As well as ever heard about preconception care, educational status of the respondent and husbands were also significant in binary analysis and not significant in multivariable logistic regression analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study showed that six factors found to be significantly associated with women’s preconception care utilization. Pregnant women who had a partner support on preconception care service with 95% CI (AOR=1.104-3.638) (p=0.022)were 2.004 times more likely to utilize preconception care services than their counter parts. This implies partner involvement in PCC service could improve women’s service utilization. Women who have previous history of obstetric problem with 95% CI, (AOR=1.219-4.303) (P=0.010\u003cstrong\u003e)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ewere 2.290 times more likely to utilized preconception care services than their counter parts. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePregnant women, who were diagnosed for Anemia with 95% CI, (AOR=0.046-0.770) (P= 0.020) were 81.3% less likely to utilize preconception care services than women who were not diagnosed for Anemia.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePregnant women who had a good knowledge on preconception care utilization with 95% CI, (AOR=1.522-4.98) (P=0.001\u003cstrong\u003e)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ewere 2.753 times more likely to utilize preconception care services than their counter parts. Women who were advised on preconception care utilization with 95% CI, (AOR=2.709-13.843) (P=0.000)were 6.123 times more likely to utilize preconception care services than their counter parts and women who reported that the unwillingness of health care providers to give services with 95% CI, (AOR=0.218-0.871) (P=0.019\u003cstrong\u003e)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ewere 56.4% times less likely to utilize preconception care services than their counter parts(Table 9).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding of Preconception care utilization is essential for many developing countries especially Sub-Saharan African countries, such as Ethiopia, where adverse pregnancy outcome remains alarmingly high(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e). This hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the utilization of preconception care and its associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital. This study found that 19.1% of the study participants had utilized preconception care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePartner support on preconception care utilization, previous history of obstetric problem, Women\u0026rsquo;s knowledge on preconception care utilization, getting an advice on the service, unwillingness of service provider on preconception care utilization and being diagnosed for anemia were found to be independent factors affecting the utilization of PCC utilization among pregnant women in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe preconception care utilization prevalence 19.1% obtained by this study is similar with different studies done in Kenya(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e), SNN Hossana(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e65\u003c/span\u003e) and hawassa(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e). This similarity might be due to the study setting, design and socioeconomic similarity among participants.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis finding is higher than the report from the study done in Sudan (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e) Abakalik, Southern Nigeria(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e), Debre Berhan(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR66\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e66\u003c/span\u003e) and is higher than study conducted in Debre Marikos town and mekele town (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e) in Ethiopia where only 8.4% of pregnant women were utilized Preconception care services(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e).This variability may be related to difference in study population, level of education, culture and study setting.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever this study is far lower than the conducted in Iran (68.8%), France (85%) Jordan(85%) and in USA (76%) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e) and study in west shoa which showed that 38.2% of the women who attended ANC were experienced preconception care. This might be due to difference in study setting since the previous study was facility based and difference in study population (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e) and the other study conducted in sendafa town health facilities which showed 58.2% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR67\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e67\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis discrepancy might be due to the difference in access to information and low relative media coverage, socio economic status and quality of health care system.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study also identifies factors associated with preconception care utilization. The current study indicated that women who had previous obstetric problem were two times more likely utilized preconception care than those who had no previous obstetric problem ever. This finding was similar with previous study conducted in mizan Aman Mekelle, London, and Iran (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR68\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e68\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR69\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e69\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis showed that women who had previous obstetric problem were more likely to utilized preconception care. This might be due to increased self-responsibility and those women were more conscious on their next pregnancy.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addition, this study indicated that women who had good knowledge on preconception care utilization were almost three times more likely to utilized preconception care than women who had poor knowledge on preconception care. This finding was similar with previous study conducted in Mekelle, Debre Birhan, Nepal and Nigeria(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e) which showed that knowledgeable women were more likely utilized preconception care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis might be due to increase health seeking behavior of the women and highly motivated to get services. In addition, this might be due to increase positive behavior towards the action. This implies that improving the women\u0026rsquo;s knowledge could improve the utilization of preconception care. This clearly showed that a lot need to be done to improve knowledge of the women towards preconception care in the study area and in the country for the improvement of preconception care utilization.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study revealed that women who had a partner support on Preconception care utilization were two times more likely to utilized PCC than their counter parts. Study from Egypt and Ethiopia, Mekele town, Debre Berhan town also in line with this study and this may be due to having reproductive health policies including male involvement strategies promoting maternal and child health care services. In addition women who have partner support can discuss more about the importance and benefit of PCC services(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study also found that being diagnosed for Anemia was negatively associated with women\u0026rsquo;s preconception care utilization. In this study Women who were being diagnosed for Anemia were 81.3% less likely to utilized PCC than their counter parts. But the study from Jordan and china are contrast with this study showing that no association between being diagnosed for anemia and PCC utilization (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e). This might be the difference between socio-demographic differences between study participants.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe other factor which showed statistically significant association with preconception care utilization was advice received on preconception care previously. Women who were advised on preconception care utilization were 6.123 times more likely to utilized preconception care than their counter parts. This could explained as follows; women who received advice regarding preconception care are more likely to get preconception care and tend to undergo lifestyle modifications related with preconception care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThose women who advised to control preexisting medical conditions or take folic acid supplementation or undergo weight management or diet modification are more likely to undertake these interventions than other women who didn\u0026rsquo;t get this advice. This finding is supported by study carried out at teaching hospital in Southeast Nigeria which revealed that there were statistically significant correlation between utilization of preconception care and information from doctors. This implies that strengthening counseling services provided for women can increase women utilization of preconception services and help them to start their pregnancy at best possible health.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe other associated factor revealed in this study was unwillingness of health care provider to provide PCC. Women who reported that the unwillingness of health care providers to give PCC were 56.4% less likely to utilize preconception care services than their counter parts\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec32\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSTRENGTH AND LIMITATION\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec33\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eLimitation of the study\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA limitation of this study is that it is purely quantitative and does not have capacity to explore contextual and social factors that may be limiting women in preconception care services. It is also prone to recall bias as women were asked about pre-pregnancy care for the current pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec34\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStrength of the study\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this study Participants were recruited using probability sampling technique and larger sample size.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe finding of this study showed that preconception care utilization was low and partner support on preconception care utilization, previous history of obstetric problem, Women\u0026rsquo;s knowledge on preconception care utilization, getting an advice on preconception care utilization, unwillingness of service provider on preconception care utilization and being diagnosed for anemia were significantly associated with preconception care utilization services\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RECOMMENDATION","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec37\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFor Ethiopian Federal Police hospital\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntegrating preconception care services with other maternal neonatal child health, improving women\u0026rsquo;s/couples knowledge \u0026amp; strengthening counseling services is vital.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMobilizing and motivating health care providers\u0026rsquo; through on job training in collaboration with governmental and non-governmental stake holders work in area of maternal and child health to increase women preconception care utilization and CRC.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInformation, education, and communication (IEC) activities should be strengthened at all level of Federal police commission health facilities that increase the awareness of mothers about preconception care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec38\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFor health care providers\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProviding Health education for women in reproductive age groups on preconception care services, its components and importance at all level of health care setting to increase the uptake of preconception care services by integrating with other maternal health services.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecognize the role of male partner in preconception care services; through education, men will likely increase the awareness of these issues among married couples and male involvement should be encouraged for provision of partner support. Encourage male involvement by health extension workers\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eApplying CRC at all health service settings\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec39\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFor researchers in academic area\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFurther qualitative research should be done on the relationship factors associated and the preconception care utilization services. It would be better to design culturally appropriate, evidence-based policy, strategically interventions and programs which encompass the all components of preconception care which will be changing into the action.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec40\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eANC\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;.. Antenatal care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eAPO \u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;.. Adverse pregnancy outcome\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eBMI\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;. Body mass index\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eCVD\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;..Cardiovascular disease\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eEDHS\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;Ethiopian demographic health survey\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eGDM\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;. Gestational diabetic mellitus\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eHIV\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;. Human immune virus\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eIMR\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip; Infant mortality rate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eLTR\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;. Life time risk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eMNCH\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;..Maternal, newborn and child health\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eNMR\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;. Neonatal mortality rate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eNTD\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;Neural tube defect\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003ePCC\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;.Preconception care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003ePNC\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;...Postnatal care\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003ePRAMS\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;.. Pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eRH\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;.. Reproductive health\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eSDG\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;.Sustainable development goal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eUN\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;..United nation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eWHO\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;..World health organization\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eEthical clearance and support letter was obtained from Addis Ababa medical and Business college Ethical review Committee. Permission to letter to gather data was obtained from Federal Police Hospital administrative office. An information sheet was provided for study participants on the introductory part of the questionnaires and interview topic guide that further explains the study purpose and confidentiality of the research information. In addition, oral consent was sought from the study participants prior to data collection.Respondents have the right not to participate or withdraw from the study at any stage, and all study methods was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eapproval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical clearance and support letter will be obtained from Addis Ababa medical and Business college Ethical review Committee. Permission to letter to gather data will be obtained from Federal Police Hospital administrative office. An information sheet will be provided for study participants on the introductory part of the questionnaires and interview topic guide that further explains the study purpose and confidentiality of the research information. In addition, oral consent will be sought from the study participants prior to data collection.Respondents have the right not to participate or withdraw from the study at any stage, and all study methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e; Not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials;\u003c/strong\u003eThe data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests;\u003c/strong\u003e The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e; Not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eM,G; Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing and original draft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eF,W; Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC,G,Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Writing, review \u0026amp; editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"_Toc98510384\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e;\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors would like to express their gratitude to respective health facility, data collectors, supervisors and study participants for their\u0026nbsp;diligence and dedication in the collecting and inputting high quality data used in the study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMason E, Chandra-Mouli V, Baltag V, Christiansen C, Lassi ZS, Bhutta ZA (2014) Preconception care: Advancing from important to do and can be done to is being done and is making a difference. 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Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://globalmotherchildresearch.tghn.org/site_media/media/articles/Preconception_Report.pdf\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://globalmotherchildresearch.tghn.org/site_media/media/articles/Preconception_Report.pdf\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2 Socio demographic characteristics of pregnant women in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023(n=398)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"597\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWomen\u0026rsquo;s Age(yeas)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15-24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25-34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e229\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 and older\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e378\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDivorced\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWidow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWomen\u0026rsquo;s educational Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo formal education\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCollege and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHusband Educational Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo formal education\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCollege and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWomen\u0026rsquo;s Occupation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHouse wife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrivate business\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGovernment employee\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e215\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFamily size\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLess than 4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e308\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"left\" width=\"584\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReligion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eorthodox\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMuslim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProtestant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 209px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3 pregnant women\u0026rsquo;s knowledge level on preconception care utilization in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia,2023(n=398)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"631\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnowledge Variables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResponse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEver heard about PCC utilization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e208\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e190\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUsing FP before pregnancy is important\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e208\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e190\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVaccinated of TT before pregnancy is important\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e274\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScreened for chronic medical illness when planned to pregnancy is important\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAvoiding taking alcohol and cigarette when planned to pregnancy is important\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e238\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKeeping body weight when intended to pregnant is important\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e284\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTaking \u0026nbsp;folic acid to avoid neutral tube defects is important\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e326\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTesting \u0026nbsp;for STI/HIV when intended to\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epregnant is important\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 347px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"_Toc155701137\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4 pregnant women\u0026rsquo;s source of information on preconception care utilization in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia,2023(n=398)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"631\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 376px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource of information\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResponse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 376px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCommunity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 376px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e190\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 376px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReligious organization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 376px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e190\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 376px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHealth Care facilities\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 376px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e274\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 376px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMass media\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 376px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 376px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 376px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5 pregnant women\u0026rsquo;s obstetric characteristics in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023(n=398)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"612\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eObstetric Characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNulipara\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e272\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultipara\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravidity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimigravida\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultigravida\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e266\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eobstetric problem\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e299\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrevious obstetric problem\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbortion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCongenital malformation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStill birth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeonatal death\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlanned pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e318\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePartners support for PCC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e213\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 202px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnavailability of PCC utilization unit\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e260\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003etraditional and cultural obstacles\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 212px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e384\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"_Toc155701139\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 6 preconception care utilization service characteristics in Ethiopia Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023(n=398)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"612\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResponse\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Frequency\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 131px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Percent (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUtilized FP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e380\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImmunized against tetanus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e389\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScreened for any medical condition during preconception\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e386\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdvised on the effects of alcohol and cigarette smoking\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e391\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWeight monitored before conception\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e390\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScreened for HIV/AIDS before current pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e387\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScreened for another STIs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e391\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConsumed folic acid supplementation three months before conception\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 304px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e394\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 118px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"_Toc155701140\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 7maternal chronic disease characteristics among pregnant women in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023(n=398)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"631\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaternal chronic disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResponse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e371\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiabetes mellitus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e384\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHIV/AIDS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e395\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEpilepsy\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e393\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsthma\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e390\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnemia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e367\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSyphilis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 317px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e395\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 8 Health care provider\u0026rsquo;s factors on preconception care utilization among pregnant women in Ethiopian Federal Hospital, Addis Ababa , Ethiopia,2023(n=398)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"584\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 300px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaternal chronic disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResponse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 300px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCounseled on Preconception utilization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 300px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e317\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 300px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisrespected during services\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 300px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e314\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 300px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eService provider knowledgeable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 300px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e252\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 300px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnwillingness\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 300px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e278\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 300px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHealth care provider listen carefully\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 300px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e282\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 300px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex of the service provider\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 300px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 88px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e269\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"_Toc155701142\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 9Binary and Multivariable logistic regression Analysis on preconception care utilization among ANC attendant in Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (n=398)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"757\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 162px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePCC utilization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCOR (95%) CI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAOR (95%) CI \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; sig.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 162px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 162px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePartner support\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.499(0.804,2.796) 0.203*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.004 (1.104-3.638) 0 .\u003cstrong\u003e022\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 162px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 162px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eObstetric problem\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.441(1.267,4.703),0.008*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.290 (1.219-4.303) \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.010\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 162px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e249\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 162px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiagnosed for Anemia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.346(0.90-1.314) 0.119*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.187 (.046-.770) \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e0.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e020\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 162px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e294\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 162px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiagnosed for Asthma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.208(0.422-3.456) \u0026nbsp; 0.725\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 162px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e317\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnowledge on PCC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.323(1.796-6.676) \u0026nbsp;0.000*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.753 (1.522-4.981) \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePoor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e205\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdvised on utilization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.236(0.0477-1.387) 0.093\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.123 (2.709-13.843) \u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.000\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e263\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiagnosed for HTN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.398(0.085-1.866) 0.243\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.399 (0.096-1.652) \u0026nbsp;0.205\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e298\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnavailability of unit\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e209\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.246(0.0 51-1.183) \u0026nbsp;0.080*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;0.310 (0.065-1.472) 0.141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunwillingness of HCP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.851(0.306-1.851) 0.000*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.436 (0.218-.871\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;0.019\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e219\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eoccupation of \u0026nbsp;women\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGov\u0026rsquo;t employed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.716(0.352-2.462) 0.000*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.952 (0.782-11.141) \u0026nbsp;0.110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 183px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 201px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 148px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnemployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 379px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e*significant at p-value\u0026lt;0.25, ** significant at p-value \u0026lt;0.05, COR crude odd ratio, Adjusted odd ratio, p-value for COR p-value for AOR., 1- logical reference.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"University of Melbourne","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Preconception care utilization, Pregnant Women, Federal Police Hospital","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8127721/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8127721/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconception care is taking care to women and couples before conception occurs. It has a positive impact on reduction in maternal mortality and decreases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome and aimed at improving women\u0026rsquo;s health status, reducing behaviors, individual environmental factors. The existing interventions strategies are too late to prevent Adverse Pregnancy Outcome. Those services are given after the conception happened and the women aware that she is pregnant\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eObjective\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudy was aimed to assess preconception care Utilization and associated factors among pregnant women attending Antenatal care at Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital from August20-september15/2023\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional study design was used among 398 pregnant women systematically selected at Ethiopian Federal Police Hospital. Data entry was done into Epi-data version 3.1and exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis using p\u0026ndash;value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 at 95% CI was statistically significant. Bivariable analysis was performed using binary logistic regression; at (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.25) was a criterion to select candidate variables for multivariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for possible confounding variables at P-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, at 95% CI was used in judging the Statistical significance of the association.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResult\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study found that 19.1% of the study participants had utilized preconception care. Factors found to be show association with women\u0026rsquo;s preconception care utilization were partner support (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.004,at 95% CI 1.104\u0026ndash;3.638) previous history of obstetric problem(AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.290 at 95% CI, 1.219\u0026ndash;4.303),diagnosed for Anemia(AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.187, at 95% CI, 0.046\u0026ndash;0.770), knowledge on preconception care utilization (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.753,at 95% CI, 1.522\u0026ndash;4.98),Women who were advised on preconception care utilization(AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.123, at 95% CI, 2.709\u0026ndash;13.843) and unwillingness of health care providers to give services (AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.436,at 95% CI, 0.218\u0026ndash;0.871) were factors significantly associated with preconception care utilization.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003epreconception care utilization was low and partner support, previous history of obstetric problem, knowledge, getting an advice, unwillingness of service provider and being diagnosed for anemia were significantly associated with preconception care utilization\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRecommendation:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntegrating preconception care utilization with other maternal health services, improving women\u0026rsquo;s/partiers\u0026rsquo; knowledge and strengthening pre-pregnancy counseling services is crucial.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Preconception Care Utilization and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Mothers Attending Antenatal Care Follow-up of Federal Police Hospital,ethiopia 2023.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-23 11:52:52","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8127721/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"bd29b658-5134-42da-87a7-3cad0a249d5b","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 23rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":58373305,"name":"Obstetrics \u0026 Gynecology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-23T11:52:53+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-23 11:52:52","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8127721","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8127721","identity":"rs-8127721","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}