Trade-off between local survival and fast expansion: a case study of two parthenogenetic lizard species and their patrilineal ancestors

Trade-off between local survival and fast expansion: a case study of two parthenogenetic lizard species and their patrilineal ancestors | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Trade-off between local survival and fast expansion: a case study of two parthenogenetic lizard species and their patrilineal ancestors Natia Barateli, David Tarkhnishvili, Giorgi Iankoshvili This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8561715/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Parthenogenetic lineages are often portrayed as rapid colonizers with short lifespans, but how reproductive mode shapes life-history trajectories in close relatives remains unclear. Using Caucasian rock lizards ( Darevskia ) as a model, we compared age structure, growth dynamics, and reproductive traits in hybrid parthenogenetic lizards ( D. armeniaca , D. dahli ) and their sexually breeding progenitors ( D. valentini , D. portschinskii , D. mixta ). Age was inferred by skeletochronology of phalangeal cross-sections; growth by between-LAG increments. reproductive traits were integrated from published datasets. Parthenogens tend to have faster life histories: earlier maturation, higher reproductive allocation, higher adult mortality, and shorter lifespans than their sexual relatives. D. armeniaca showed higher reproductive effort relative to body mass, earlier age of maturation, shorter lifespan, and slower deceleration of growth after the 3rd year of life than its patrilineal progenitor, D. valentini from the same location. At the species level, irrespective to a location, D. dahli has earlier age of maturation, and shorter lifespan than its patrilineal progenitor, D. portschinskii . Population modeling suggests that the parthenogens would faster expand throughout neighboring habitats than the sexual breeders, which is in line with the observation that they occupy a greater fraction of suitable habitat within their ranges. These complementary colonizer–competitor strategies provide a parsimonious demographic mechanism for the long-term coexistence of unisexual and sexual Darevskia lineages. life-history strategies colonizer–competitor dynamics niche partitioning Darevskia Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files TableS1.csv Table S1. LAG1 – the diameter of the 1 st LAG; X1 – X4 the increments between two consequential LAGs; R32 – the proportion of the increments inc3/inc2 TableS2.xlsx Table S2. Simulation model of population dynamics in a parthenogenetic and sexually breeding lizards. B3-b5 – average egg number per individual with 3 to 5 LAGs; pXY – survival from age X to age Y. K (carrying capacity for the individuals 3 years or older) set to 1,000 for both populations. The proportion of unsuccessful years set to 0.5. green bands: the expected number of individuals 3 or more years of age. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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06:39:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":745807,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PaperLVformattedEvolEcol.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8561715/v1_covered_6d74c72f-830f-40a2-92d1-5f33bcc7bcdf.pdf"},{"id":100601235,"identity":"a0a92a49-1741-4743-b196-83f1ceed9ae5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-19 14:58:42","extension":"csv","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":10671,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTable S1. LAG1 – the diameter of the 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e LAG; X1 – X4 the increments between two consequential LAGs; R32 – the proportion of the increments inc3/inc2\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"TableS1.csv","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8561715/v1/3595fe735661599d33444a57.csv"},{"id":100601258,"identity":"385ae0d3-a1a3-4cd4-93aa-63b700317004","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-19 14:58:53","extension":"xlsx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":32837,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTable S2. Simulation model of population dynamics in a parthenogenetic and sexually breeding lizards. B3-b5 – average egg number per individual with 3 to 5 LAGs; pXY – survival from age X to age Y. K (carrying capacity for the individuals 3 years or older) set to 1,000 for both populations. The proportion of unsuccessful years set to 0.5. green bands: the expected number of individuals 3 or more years of age.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"TableS2.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8561715/v1/8b3d18a247e2719770ad80ae.xlsx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Trade-off between local survival and fast expansion: a case study of two parthenogenetic lizard species and their patrilineal ancestors","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"life-history strategies, colonizer–competitor dynamics, niche partitioning, Darevskia","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8561715/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8561715/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eParthenogenetic lineages are often portrayed as rapid colonizers with short lifespans, but how reproductive mode shapes life-history trajectories in close relatives remains unclear. Using Caucasian rock lizards (\u003cem\u003eDarevskia\u003c/em\u003e) as a model, we compared age structure, growth dynamics, and reproductive traits in hybrid parthenogenetic lizards (\u003cem\u003eD. armeniaca\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eD. dahli\u003c/em\u003e) and their sexually breeding progenitors (\u003cem\u003eD. valentini\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eD. portschinskii\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eD. mixta\u003c/em\u003e). Age was inferred by skeletochronology of phalangeal cross-sections; growth by between-LAG increments. reproductive traits were integrated from published datasets. Parthenogens tend to have faster life histories: earlier maturation, higher reproductive allocation, higher adult mortality, and shorter lifespans than their sexual relatives. \u003cem\u003eD. armeniaca\u003c/em\u003e showed higher reproductive effort relative to body mass, earlier age of maturation, shorter lifespan, and slower deceleration of growth after the 3rd year of life than its patrilineal progenitor, \u003cem\u003eD. valentini\u003c/em\u003e from the same location. At the species level, irrespective to a location, \u003cem\u003eD. dahli\u003c/em\u003e has earlier age of maturation, and shorter lifespan than its patrilineal progenitor, \u003cem\u003eD. portschinskii\u003c/em\u003e. Population modeling suggests that the parthenogens would faster expand throughout neighboring habitats than the sexual breeders, which is in line with the observation that they occupy a greater fraction of suitable habitat within their ranges. These complementary colonizer\u0026ndash;competitor strategies provide a parsimonious demographic mechanism for the long-term coexistence of unisexual and sexual \u003cem\u003eDarevskia\u003c/em\u003e lineages.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Trade-off between local survival and fast expansion: a case study of two parthenogenetic lizard species and their patrilineal ancestors","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-19 13:56:54","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8561715/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ef59d60a-7e17-4e3b-a983-770dece2cb2b","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 19th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-01T06:38:58+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-19 13:56:54","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8561715","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8561715","identity":"rs-8561715","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}