Wavelet coherence phases decode the universal switching mechanism of Ras GTPase superfamily

Ras superfamily GTPases are molecular switches which regulate critical cellular processes. Extensive structural and computational studies on these G proteins have established a general framework for their switching mechanism, which involves conformational changes in their two loops, Switch I and Switch II, upon GTP binding and hydrolysis. Since the extent of these conformational changes is not uniform amongst the members of the Ras superfamily, there is no generic modus operandi defining their switching mechanism. Here, we have developed a novel approach employing wavelet coherence analysis to correlate the structural changes with their functional states. Our analysis shows that the structural coupling between the Switch I and Switch II regions is manifested in terms of conserved wavelet coherence phases, which could serve as useful parameters to define functional states of the GTPases. In oncogenic GTPases mutants, this phase coupling gets disentangled, which perhaps provides an alternative explanation for their aberrant function. We have tested the statistical significance of the observed phase angle correlations on multiple switch region conformers, generated through MD simulations.