An Outdoor Air Quality at a Residential Environment in Lagos, Nigeria Using Airly Low-Cost Sensor

Human health is at risk when particulate matter levels reach a certain threshold, and determining these levels is crucial for mitigating environmental pollution. Since there is a lack of data in this field of study, it is anticipated that this work will provide stakeholders with data. On the basis of this supposition, an Airly sensor was used to assess the air quality at a location in Mafoluku, Lagos, Nigeria. Following the manufacturer's instructions, the installation was done at a height of 1.8 meters above the ground. Outdoor PM1, PM2.5, PM10, PM ratios, toxicity potentials (T/P), climatic factors, and their correlations were measured during a two-month period. The findings indicate that the levels of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 36.12 μg/m3 (equivalent to 80.7% of the WHO annual limit), 34.83 μg/m3 (equivalent to 232.23% of the WHO annual limit), and 34.39 μg/m3 (no limit for the calculation), respectively. The corresponding average ratios were 0.98, 0.95, and 0.93. The majority of T/P values were greater than 1, which suggests that there are health risks to the area's most vulnerable residents. Winds from the southwestern desert influenced the air mass, and WHO limits are often exceeded. The study suggests stakeholders focus on problem reduction to mitigate air pollution risks.