Designing Emotional Expressions for a Reading Companion Robot

Advancements in affective science and robotics have allowed researchers to consider how robots can express emotions appropriately in human- robot interaction. Borrowing previous work from the- ories of nonverbal expressions of emotion, we de- signed 24 distinct emotional expressions for a reading companion robot–Misty II. We validated the expres- sions with and without social context using crowd- sourcing methods. The current work aims to provide a publicly available set of emotional expressions for robots to advance research on emotional responsive- ness in human-robot interaction.