Application of Sentinel-2 multispectral images for estimating the suspended sediment source and concentration in flood events, case study: Laghman basin, Afghanistan

2025 · doi:10.22541/au.174538447.76235570/v1
preprint OA: closed
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Sentinel-2 band 5 effectively estimated suspended sediment concentration in flood events for the Laghman River, revealing higher erosion activity in the Alingar tributary compared to Alishing.

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The preprint studies the use of Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery to estimate suspended sediment source locations and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) during flood events in the Laghman River basin in Afghanistan. It uses three field deployments (twice in wet seasons and once in dry season) for calibration and proposes a linear regression model using Sentinel-2 band 5 (B5), reporting R² = 0.62 and RMSE = 95.59, while noting that visible and near-infrared bands are suitable for SSC estimation based on consistency with other case studies. Using the retrieved model, it finds higher SSC in the Alingar tributary (about twice Alishing) and a downstream increase in SSC in tributaries and the main river, with a lower rate of increase in the main stem indicating more active upstream erosion. The paper is a preprint and explicitly states it has not been peer reviewed. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

Remote sensing (RS) techniques have been widely used in water science due to quantitatively and qualitatively development of satellite images. The advantage is pronounced for ungauged basins where climatological, hydrological and qualitative parameters are not available or unreliable. Sentinel-2 multispectral images are applied in this study to estimate the suspended sediment source and concentration (SSC) in flood events for the Laghman River in Afghanistan. Three field deployments (twice in wet and one in dry seasons) were conducted to measure the SSC for calibration purposes. The linear regression model based on Sentinel-2 band 5 (B5) is proposed as a suitable model for predicting SSC in flood events due to its simplicity that provides sufficient accuracy compared to other band combinations. The R 2 and RMSE values are 0.62 and 95.59, respectively. The appropriateness of visible and near-infrared (VNIR) bands for SSC estimation is consistent with similar results in other case studies. Based on the retrieved RS model, the source of sediment production and the spatial variations of SSC along the two upstream tributaries and the main branch of the river are investigated. The results indicate that SSC in Alingar tributary is twice as high as that of Alishing tributary and the concentration is gradually increasing downstream in the tributaries and in the main river. The trend of increase in SSC in the main river is lower than the two tributaries, which indicate that the erosion process is more active in the upstream tributaries than in the main branch.
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Abstract

Remote sensing (RS) techniques have been widely used in water science due to quantitatively and qualitatively development of satellite images. The advantage is pronounced for ungauged basins where climatological, hydrological and qualitative parameters are not available or unreliable. Sentinel-2 multispectral images are applied in this study to estimate the suspended sediment source and concentration (SSC) in flood events for the Laghman River in Afghanistan. Three field deployments (twice in wet and one in dry seasons) were conducted to measure the SSC for calibration purposes. The linear regression model based on Sentinel-2 band 5 (B5) is proposed as a suitable model for predicting SSC in flood events due to its simplicity that provides sufficient accuracy compared to other band combinations. The R 2 and RMSE values are 0.62 and 95.59, respectively. The appropriateness of visible and near-infrared (VNIR) bands for SSC estimation is consistent with similar results in other case studies. Based on the retrieved RS model, the source of sediment production and the spatial variations of SSC along the two upstream tributaries and the main branch of the river are investigated. The results indicate that SSC in Alingar tributary is twice as high as that of Alishing tributary and the concentration is gradually increasing downstream in the tributaries and in the main river. The trend of increase in SSC in the main river is lower than the two tributaries, which indicate that the erosion process is more active in the upstream tributaries than in the main branch. Supplementary Material File (manuscript_-final_-rev_1.doc) - Download - 2.63 MB Information & Authors Information Version history Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License.

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Authors Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 173views 108downloads Citations Download citation Qasem Mahdawi, Ahmad Shanehsazzadeh, Sayyed Bagher Fatemi. Application of Sentinel-2 multispectral images for estimating the suspended sediment source and concentration in flood events, case study: Laghman basin, Afghanistan. Authorea. 23 April 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174538447.76235570/v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174538447.76235570/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu.

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