COD Removal in Organic Dyes Using Ultrasonication-Ozonation: Computational and Experimental Study

Abstract Organic dye is a highly toxic, nonbiodegradable, and harmful substance that causes significant environmental contamination. The combined effort of an ultrasonication (US) method followed by ozonation (OZ) treatment for organic dye solution is described here. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the optimum frequency of 26 kHz is utilised in the experiment acquired from the acceptable frequency range based on the simulation. The initial organic dye solutions in this investigation contained low-COD conditions, 40 mg L− 1 of Methylene Blue (MB), and 134 mg L− 1 of industrial effluent. The latter case exhibits that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of industrial removal rate is 57.46%, where the lowest concentration of 57 mg L− 1 is attainable, which indicates that the combined method fulfils the acceptance range of the ZDHC International Standard of 60 mg L− 1. The sequential approaches unambiguously demonstrate a promising strategy for effective wastewater treatment for organic pollutants.