Extracellular vesicles: a mailcoach from mast cell to other cell species

[Abstract] Mast cells, in addition to their role in allergic responses, also play a crucial role in innate and adaptive immune responses. They release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing proteins, lipids, and genetic material that facilitate intercellular communication. Mast cell-derived EVs have different characteristics depending on the state of the mast cells, and they are involved in various processes such as dendritic cell maturation, antigen presentation, T lymphocyte activation, macrophage polarization, and the modulation of epithelial cell permeability and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. EVs released by mast cells can interact with tumor cells and have dual roles in immune responses and disease pathogenesis. The RNA cargo in these EVs holds potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in diseases including cancers, such as mastocytosis. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the role of EVs in mast cell function and intercellular communication.