Bacterial Colonization in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Abstract Objective: Analyze the multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDRB) colonization rate and its associated risk factors, as well as the subsequent development of infection. Study Design: Retrospective review of all newborns admitted to a level III NICU, between November 2018 and November 2019 (n=294). Rectal and nasal swabs were performed upon admission and weekly until discharge for detection of MDRB. Results: The MDRB colonization rate was 28.2%. Colonization with MDRB was associated with mothers’ admission at least 1 week prior to delivery, infants’ lower gestational age and birth weight, antibiotic therapy upon admission, mechanical ventilation, central line and longer hospitalization. Colonization with a MDRB was an important risk factor for subsequent infection (31.3% of colonized-infants developed late-onset sepsis vs. 5.2% of non-colonized ones). Conclusions: Early detection of colonized patients through screening with subsequent implementation of strict contact