Full-field strain distribution in hierarchical electrospun nanofibrous Poly-L(lactic) acid and Collagen based scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue regeneration: a multiscale study

Regeneration of injured tendons and ligaments (T/L) is a worldwide need. In this study electrospun hierarchical scaffolds made of a poly (L-lactic) acid and collagen blend were developed reproducing all the multiscale levels of aggregation of these tissues. Scanning electron microscopy, microCT and tensile mechanical tests were carried out, including a multiscale digital volume correlation analysis to measure the full-field strain distribution of electrospun structures. The principal tensile and compressive strains detected the pattern of strains caused by the nanofibers rearrangement, while the deviatoric strains revealed the related internal sliding of nanofibers and bundles. The results of this study confirmed the biomimicry of such electrospun hierarchical scaffolds, paving the way to further tissue engineering and clinical applications. Graphical Abstract