Evaluation of Geriatric Falls in Emergency Department During the Early Coronavirus-2019 Pandemic and Pre-Pandemic Periods

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, presentations, outcomes, and healthcare costs of older patients who presented at the emergency department (ED) with falls in the periods before and during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods Hospital records one year before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic were retrospectively analyzed through “International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10th Revision” codes. Age, gender, falls, triage classification, length of stay (LOS) in the hospital and ED, COVID-19 status, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), consultations-comorbidities, injury status, outcomes in the ED, and costs were recorded.Results The study comprised of 3,187 patients aged ≥ 65 years admitted to the ED of a university hospital between March 2019 and 2021. In terms of pre-pandemic and pandemic periods; older patients presenting with falls to the ED, consultations, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and LOS in ED were lower in the pandemic period, but costs were higher (p = 0.03, p = 0.01, p = 0.01, p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Hospitalization/mortality rates were higher in COVID-19-positive patients (77.2%) than in COVID-19-negative patients (4.6%) within the pandemic period and the patients in the pre-pandemic period (22.8%), likewise for the costs (both p = 0.01).Conclusion Though the number of geriatric fall presentations to ED, comorbidity burden, consultations, and LOS in the ED was lower, direct costs were higher during the pandemic period, particularly for COVID-19 positive older patients admitted to ED with falls than the pre-pandemic period, and those patients were with poorer outcomes.