Chemical Characterisation and a Comparative Study on Multi-Target Biological Activities of Root Part Extracts of Coleus barbatus (Andrews) Bent. ex G. Don with its Isolated Compound, Forskolin

Chemical Characterisation and a Comparative Study on Multi-Target Biological Activities of Root Part Extracts of Coleus barbatus (Andrews) Bent. ex G. Don with its Isolated Compound, Forskolin | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Chemical Characterisation and a Comparative Study on Multi-Target Biological Activities of Root Part Extracts of Coleus barbatus (Andrews) Bent. ex G. Don with its Isolated Compound, Forskolin Jeewanti Kanyal, Avneesh Rawat, Om Prakash, Kirti Nagarkoti, Ravendra Kumar, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7690438/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective The present study was aimed on the comparative investigation of chemical composition and biological activities of Coleus barbatus root part ethyl acetate extract (CBREE) with its non-polar fraction, polar fraction and isolated compound, forskolin. Methodology The analysis of extracts was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Along with the biochemical assay, the biological activities were investigated in terms of antioxidant, in vitro anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-feedant properties. Results GC-MS analysis led to the identification of 73 compounds contributing 83.3% in CBREE, while 74 and 57 components contributing 87.2% and 78.7% were identified in non-polar and polar fraction of ethyl acetate extract respectively. CBREE was dominated by bornyl acetate (6.5%), decanal (6.5%), n-hexatriacontane (6.4%) and forskolin (4.6%), while the non-polar fraction was dominated by 1-(1-heptadecynyl) cyclopentanol (7.7%), bornyl acetate (6.7%) and decanal (5.5%) and the polar fraction was dominated by forskolin (36.0%) and spiro[4.5]decan-7-one, 1,8-dimethyl-8,9-epoxy-4-isopropyl (6.1%). The extracts exhibited good to moderate biochemical assay quantified in terms of total phenolic, total flavonoid and total orthodihydric phenol content. The extracts and isolated compound forskolin showed significant antioxidant potential. Forskolin showed good anti-inflammatory activity (89.40%) compared to CBREE (86.37%), polar fraction (82.78%) and non-polar fraction (79.92%) of ethyl acetate extract. Forskolin showed good herbicidal potential in term of root and shoot growth inhibition than the extracts against Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus seeds. Forskolin exhibited more antibacterial potential against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli than the extracts. The extracts and isolated compound forskolin exhibited good to moderate antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata and Curvularia lunata .Isolated compound forskolin exhibited a strong anti-feedant activity than extracts against third instar larvae of Spilosoma obliqua . Conclusions The isolated compound forskolin has much more potential than the extracts to act as an anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, antibacterial and anti-feedant agent. Based on these observation it can be inferred that for the development of environmentally benign drugs and pesticides the herb Coleus barbatus can be used as natural source due to its abundant growth and world over distribution. Forskolin Chemical composition Antifeedant Curvularia lunata Coleus barbatus Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Tables are available in the Supplementary Files section. Supplementary Files Tables.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 06 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 02 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 25 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 14 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 30 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 23 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7690438","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":546163677,"identity":"64885fd5-8b4e-40a0-92bd-f67254696471","order_by":0,"name":"Jeewanti Kanyal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jeewanti","middleName":"","lastName":"Kanyal","suffix":""},{"id":546163678,"identity":"11b56dc2-6524-4c8b-8113-d9def758c0ac","order_by":1,"name":"Avneesh Rawat","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Avneesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Rawat","suffix":""},{"id":546163679,"identity":"9a212735-e9a2-467f-b115-04c50b757d58","order_by":2,"name":"Om Prakash","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPCCAwwM7A1A2sCCFC08B0BaJEjRIpEAYhChhV+6+djHLzV35HRnPr+64UeBBAN/e3cCXi2Sc44lz5Y59szY7HZO2c0eoMMkzpzdgFeLwY0cY2bJhsOJ227npN3gAWoxkMglTkv9tptn0m7+IVYL48eGwwlmN9iP3SbKFpBfmBmOHTbcdiaH7baMgQQPQb8AQ+ww44+aw/Jmx48/u/nmj40cf3svfi2giGDmAbN4DMAkfuVQLYw/wCz2B4RVj4JRMApGwYgEADobTBlAwNpYAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Om","middleName":"","lastName":"Prakash","suffix":""},{"id":546163680,"identity":"87c17c38-d5c0-4963-ac47-6bf314620dbf","order_by":3,"name":"Kirti Nagarkoti","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kirti","middleName":"","lastName":"Nagarkoti","suffix":""},{"id":546163681,"identity":"7d3545a1-62e2-4ddc-9000-d498d982e39d","order_by":4,"name":"Ravendra Kumar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ravendra","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""},{"id":546163682,"identity":"76f750cb-129f-49ee-af3e-de39adef7a4f","order_by":5,"name":"D. S. Rawat","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Agriculture and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"D.","middleName":"S.","lastName":"Rawat","suffix":""},{"id":546163683,"identity":"fb64f8fc-573e-4bca-a2c7-d5a7dcd366b7","order_by":6,"name":"R. M. Srivastava","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"R.","middleName":"M.","lastName":"Srivastava","suffix":""},{"id":546163684,"identity":"3084686d-c87f-4479-b396-f8b25716d7c5","order_by":7,"name":"R. P. Singh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"R.","middleName":"P.","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-23 06:38:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7690438/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7690438/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":96462870,"identity":"4a083958-2ca9-4225-94ae-1e0d9a5bcaf7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:36","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":82617,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/ba16e6a9113307f523546acc.docx"},{"id":96603506,"identity":"13a97da6-328e-4804-8387-d103857c18a2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-24 09:09:37","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":157413,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figures.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/fedf1d843e6fbc7e6f2bce07.docx"},{"id":96462889,"identity":"6fc92895-0d6a-45da-962d-aac8ce7a5ff9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:36","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":47460,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Tables.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/b738bf64fcc82256e0431cf6.docx"},{"id":96603016,"identity":"10af11da-26a1-4fa7-b23d-535471629325","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-24 09:06:06","extension":"json","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":10320,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"b1eec88725114fdfa4eac9b921276ab8.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/c42c3d4db8fbf6c5ad1ca292.json"},{"id":96462876,"identity":"a40297df-e20c-4053-a8bf-533fbf4e4e79","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:36","extension":"xml","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":324716,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"b1eec88725114fdfa4eac9b921276ab81enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/af09fff03fc7b04e9ea364fb.xml"},{"id":96462949,"identity":"fbdfb10e-a06c-4577-a05f-08bc3daa8954","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:38","extension":"eps","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1630,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage10.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/70f2953ef0bf7af0a67345b0.eps"},{"id":96462862,"identity":"92177dcf-7934-43b4-84d9-d95f5ea1f039","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:36","extension":"eps","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1640,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage11.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/16a19c9321049bd27e37cb17.eps"},{"id":96462931,"identity":"dabfd41e-ee6a-4b4f-88ad-40a6a1aba85c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:37","extension":"eps","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1647,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage12.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/2366bc090293fed22067da02.eps"},{"id":96462865,"identity":"152f9a90-38c0-4204-ad33-77f95c7319f8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:36","extension":"eps","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1631,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage2.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/f5c33a90a536671c5a88394d.eps"},{"id":96462918,"identity":"2cf47ae3-a634-4028-90f2-0e7c3f47ff31","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:37","extension":"eps","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1647,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage3.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/bb3706f49bd8fdb3a2877bf9.eps"},{"id":96603169,"identity":"bd836c0d-c716-4a15-915d-03426138e56e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-24 09:07:16","extension":"eps","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1630,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage10.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/e09cf2be4372736bc5272f7b.eps"},{"id":96462971,"identity":"02a0d90a-6708-4ea5-8426-012b4d973691","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:39","extension":"eps","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1640,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage11.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/e42f43219414f55dd162382f.eps"},{"id":96462927,"identity":"e7d3e548-6f41-4183-a0c0-2871b911278d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:37","extension":"eps","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1647,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage12.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/b74d1b1487a129eceffdee92.eps"},{"id":96462893,"identity":"59b4d8ce-0716-4ed1-86ca-4d3f2f4d6fbc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:37","extension":"eps","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1631,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage2.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/95066f4c47a7d7b5ff822c89.eps"},{"id":96602794,"identity":"3a66ee24-90e0-46e3-b440-417c7a086f2d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-24 09:01:54","extension":"eps","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1647,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"drawingimage3.eps","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/f2d32cf9c15c825ae9d39b52.eps"},{"id":96462952,"identity":"075bfd3e-9b36-4346-93bd-0f9a3e600c46","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:38","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":36495,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/6a240e59ae5839e2c15508d0.png"},{"id":96462976,"identity":"9a9e04e2-a8e1-4e1e-a7c8-b5ed801de550","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:39","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":33109,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/66bc8f3f4b38d0efdc745235.png"},{"id":96462916,"identity":"9c184329-acd5-4879-999f-39602a39ffd9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:37","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":26625,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/8e97b4cc3c2a750eb4bf3b48.png"},{"id":96462854,"identity":"cecaf379-5e79-476e-9bf8-5e86cc131802","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:35","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":23199,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/d334f888a0146905a626e52f.png"},{"id":96462932,"identity":"79e17d59-cc07-41d1-a7eb-3d2f95b6bb87","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:37","extension":"jpeg","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":150059,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/9937be763882b171f41ac942.jpeg"},{"id":96462929,"identity":"fd257e62-5df0-4551-99ce-84cfbb1e1e05","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:37","extension":"wmf","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":958,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image1.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/817e82bace2b7ae48e163da2.wmf"},{"id":96462887,"identity":"61fbe164-c590-4a39-a941-46d5acdb1c16","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":958,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image2.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/1d3c5f0da14bfe91737455a7.wmf"},{"id":96602788,"identity":"8156280d-4bac-4b61-8579-e9cbca87c277","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-24 09:01:44","extension":"wmf","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":958,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image3.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/2a0e5ee91bc13d94b1f3c8aa.wmf"},{"id":96462978,"identity":"50938896-7153-48e5-8b10-0d7ab34c804d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:39","extension":"wmf","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":958,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image4.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/ea9f11add95b77a0ea6a5649.wmf"},{"id":96462874,"identity":"65558a2c-3980-4622-a4db-54e466cdafb6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:36","extension":"wmf","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":958,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image5.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/d62497ec9669d1c75270e3a0.wmf"},{"id":96462895,"identity":"1490dc1c-c5b2-4a18-afa7-f3d7caa2daa2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:37","extension":"wmf","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":598,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image6.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/3a2bc1ff40f22a7715ad4edc.wmf"},{"id":96462944,"identity":"566415ca-2251-4d7c-837a-ad33997a398a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:38","extension":"wmf","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":184,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image7.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/c8ab533aeb8085ea0c9037c7.wmf"},{"id":96462954,"identity":"9595efc7-36be-47aa-be4e-928b2781e91e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:38","extension":"png","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":12594,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/bc336dd17a4088fb4457299a.png"},{"id":96603594,"identity":"1daec287-6e53-47bc-be80-d974d7454f34","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-24 09:10:31","extension":"png","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":12167,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/8394dcd4423741df98338736.png"},{"id":96603271,"identity":"ea512d90-0422-4478-b583-a644fa2bb9ad","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-24 09:07:55","extension":"png","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9370,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/b393271c0eaf2161eb65dc5a.png"},{"id":96462881,"identity":"f9a6064d-b6b2-4da4-936e-8b69fd0d26f1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:36","extension":"png","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":7515,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/431b9d6c07ec0a576c279eb2.png"},{"id":96462869,"identity":"bd098d4f-2aa0-45f6-b763-25fbdb34e9b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:36","extension":"png","order_by":33,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":32985,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/aec01c3769719cb7f562ea01.png"},{"id":96462946,"identity":"e809c993-9a49-4ea9-87ab-e9eb4f3b9b2f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:38","extension":"png","order_by":34,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1039,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/912e671ad528bd16b4517a45.png"},{"id":96462959,"identity":"37539c38-cbe8-4ef3-8207-9c217f8c9ce7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:38","extension":"png","order_by":35,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1039,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/04bd5becce593b22892ad96c.png"},{"id":96462936,"identity":"9f0c9d0b-8f77-4149-a3b5-49dff7a3ae0e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:38","extension":"png","order_by":36,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1071,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/17ea6e32cecfa05985fe0b2f.png"},{"id":96462964,"identity":"9b3ee425-53aa-4b74-9a71-0c7ba1cb465f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:38","extension":"png","order_by":37,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1039,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/a87df25df52f431bf1b7a5af.png"},{"id":96462973,"identity":"15799546-212c-4615-a3b0-bd6cf0f2a485","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:39","extension":"png","order_by":38,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1040,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/ef456edfb64c3d07a5eec2ee.png"},{"id":96462934,"identity":"1dec1d7e-3f9b-49f9-a335-a26d237a03bd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:38","extension":"png","order_by":39,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":649,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/6fa40bdcd16242b0021dee6b.png"},{"id":96462925,"identity":"2a04b551-5f23-49c3-ab1d-5904dd231377","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:37","extension":"png","order_by":40,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":136,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/af012d30624fc67cf9d36515.png"},{"id":96603645,"identity":"6ad88363-988b-4294-8cb1-c26ec6534823","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-24 09:10:51","extension":"xml","order_by":41,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":321733,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"b1eec88725114fdfa4eac9b921276ab81structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/8b38dd2e1485d4f1b466766c.xml"},{"id":96462945,"identity":"fa06316e-7cc6-41c2-a26a-52d90b84a656","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-21 10:38:38","extension":"html","order_by":42,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":341173,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/442790cf2c972d076e6a1b6e.html"},{"id":96607713,"identity":"1fe6a87c-8fb5-4425-8bfb-a78ee0e95591","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-24 09:27:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3001829,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1_covered_4d394417-3723-4b4f-b744-a5d089f03644.pdf"},{"id":96603115,"identity":"1816977f-603b-49a1-8e7c-f9c2ebb3070f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-24 09:06:58","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":47460,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Tables.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7690438/v1/f6efb9a7241a0b650352b7c2.docx"}],"financialInterests":"\u003cp\u003eNo competing interests reported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTables are available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e","formattedTitle":"Chemical Characterisation and a Comparative Study on Multi-Target Biological Activities of Root Part Extracts of Coleus barbatus (Andrews) Bent. ex G. Don with its Isolated Compound, Forskolin","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-chemistry","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Chemistry](https://link.springer.com/journal/44371)","snPcode":"44371","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44371/3","title":"Discover Chemistry","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Forskolin, Chemical composition, Antifeedant, Curvularia lunata, Coleus barbatus","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7690438/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7690438/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjective\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe present study was aimed on the comparative investigation of chemical composition and biological activities of \u003cem\u003eColeus barbatus\u003c/em\u003e root part ethyl acetate extract (CBREE) with its non-polar fraction, polar fraction and isolated compound, forskolin.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethodology\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe analysis of extracts was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Along with the biochemical assay, the biological activities were investigated in terms of antioxidant, \u003cem\u003ein vitro\u003c/em\u003e anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-feedant properties.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eGC-MS analysis led to the identification of 73 compounds contributing 83.3% in CBREE, while 74 and 57 components contributing 87.2% and 78.7% were identified in non-polar and polar fraction of ethyl acetate extract respectively. CBREE was dominated by bornyl acetate (6.5%), decanal (6.5%), n-hexatriacontane (6.4%) and forskolin (4.6%), while the non-polar fraction was dominated by 1-(1-heptadecynyl) cyclopentanol (7.7%), bornyl acetate (6.7%) and decanal (5.5%) and the polar fraction was dominated by forskolin (36.0%) and spiro[4.5]decan-7-one, 1,8-dimethyl-8,9-epoxy-4-isopropyl (6.1%). The extracts exhibited good to moderate biochemical assay quantified in terms of total phenolic, total flavonoid and total orthodihydric phenol content. The extracts and isolated compound forskolin showed significant antioxidant potential. Forskolin showed good anti-inflammatory activity (89.40%) compared to CBREE (86.37%), polar fraction (82.78%) and non-polar fraction (79.92%) of ethyl acetate extract. Forskolin showed good herbicidal potential in term of root and shoot growth inhibition than the extracts against \u003cem\u003eRaphanus raphanistrum\u003c/em\u003e subsp. \u003cem\u003esativus\u003c/em\u003e seeds. Forskolin exhibited more antibacterial potential against \u003cem\u003eBacillus cereus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e than the extracts. The extracts and isolated compound forskolin exhibited good to moderate antifungal activity against \u003cem\u003eAlternaria alternata\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eCurvularia lunata\u003c/em\u003e.Isolated compound forskolin exhibited a strong anti-feedant activity than extracts against third instar larvae of \u003cem\u003eSpilosoma obliqua\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe isolated compound forskolin has much more potential than the extracts to act as an anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, antibacterial and anti-feedant agent. Based on these observation it can be inferred that for the development of environmentally benign drugs and pesticides the herb \u003cem\u003eColeus barbatus\u003c/em\u003e can be used as natural source due to its abundant growth and world over distribution.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Chemical Characterisation and a Comparative Study on Multi-Target Biological Activities of Root Part Extracts of Coleus barbatus (Andrews) Bent. ex G. Don with its Isolated Compound, Forskolin","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-21 10:38:13","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7690438/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-02-06T06:55:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-02T06:02:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"205081952984572379228155661062718477315","date":"2026-01-21T05:32:26+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"14172183632427993254829578717944158279","date":"2025-12-31T14:47:40+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"66017773444854399993553240596486882855","date":"2025-12-29T15:06:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"265687134365932343810748321392407160094","date":"2025-12-11T13:56:20+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-25T11:23:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"110389890267695094820877359342449774381","date":"2025-11-17T09:31:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-14T14:35:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"262489676402106902402751426716176679137","date":"2025-11-14T14:29:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-11T08:30:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-30T12:45:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-23T10:22:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Chemistry","date":"2025-10-23T10:17:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-chemistry","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Chemistry](https://link.springer.com/journal/44371)","snPcode":"44371","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44371/3","title":"Discover Chemistry","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0fe97c9b-1f9d-4ac3-b035-b040614b91ed","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 21st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-30T12:54:59+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-21 10:38:13","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7690438","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7690438","identity":"rs-7690438","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}