Hypertension control and its relationship with cognitive impairment among adults aged 45 to 80 in China

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the control of hypertension and its association with cognitive impairment in Chinese adults aged 45-80 years. Using cross-sectional surveys conducted in Shanghai and Guizhou from 2019-2021, 9,688 eligible subjects were eventually included. After analyzing the data using statistical methods such as unconditional logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS), we found that severe blood pressure was positively associated with the risk of cognitive impairment. There was no significant association between mild/moderate BP and the risk of cognitive impairment. Moreover, diastolic blood pressure was significantly positively correlated with cognitive impairment. The restricted cubic spline modelresults showed that the associations with cognitive impairment seem to be U-shaped for SBP and linear for DBP. In conclusion, this study shows that uncontrolled hypertension is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and that the risk of cognitive impairment increases as diastolic blood pressures continues to rise.