Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity?

Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy:... | F1000Research "use strict";function _typeof(t){return(_typeof="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}!function(){var t=function(){var t,e,o=[],n=window,r=n;for(;r;){try{if(r.frames.__tcfapiLocator){t=r;break}}catch(t){}if(r===n.top)break;r=r.parent}t||(!function t(){var e=n.document,o=!!n.frames.__tcfapiLocator;if(!o)if(e.body){var r=e.createElement("iframe");r.style.cssText="display:none",r.name="__tcfapiLocator",e.body.appendChild(r)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!o}(),n.__tcfapi=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,n=new Array(t),r=0;r 3&&2===parseInt(n[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof n[3]&&(e=n[3],"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]("set",!0)):"ping"===n[0]?"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]({gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"}):o.push(n)},n.addEventListener("message",(function(t){var e="string"==typeof t.data,o={};if(e)try{o=JSON.parse(t.data)}catch(t){}else o=t.data;var n="object"===_typeof(o)&&null!==o?o.__tcfapiCall:null;n&&window.__tcfapi(n.command,n.version,(function(o,r){var a={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:o,success:r,callId:n.callId}};t&&t.source&&t.source.postMessage&&t.source.postMessage(e?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),n.parameter)}),!1))};"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t:t()}(); dataLayer = dataLayer || []; // Standard GTM initialization - Google Consent Mode handles consent automatically (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+ '>m_auth=hzk0Vc3qFsQYhCrIoHz68A>m_preview=env-1>m_cookies_win=x';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MWFK8L5J'); ;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}}; ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"438030",trustKey:"438030",agentID:"772317073",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073"} ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073",sa:1} ;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.236.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{"use strict";var e,t,r={5763:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P_:()=>l,Mt:()=>g,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>v,OP:()=>T,lF:()=>D,Yu:()=>y,Dg:()=>h,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>b,sU:()=>_});var n=r(8632),i=r(9567);const o={beacon:n.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:n.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o),(0,n.Qy)(e,a[e],"info")}var u=r(7056);const d=()=>{const e={blockSelector:"[data-nr-block]",maskInputOptions:{password:!0}};return{allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:u.oD,inactiveMs:u.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampleRate:.1,errorSampleRate:.1,maskTextSelector:"*",maskAllInputs:!0,get blockClass(){return"nr-block"},get ignoreClass(){return"nr-ignore"},get maskTextClass(){return"nr-mask"},get blockSelector(){return e.blockSelector},set blockSelector(t){e.blockSelector+=",".concat(t)},get maskInputOptions(){return e.maskInputOptions},set maskInputOptions(t){e.maskInputOptions={...t,password:!0}}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}}},f={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");f[e]=(0,i.D)(t,d()),(0,n.Qy)(e,f[e],"config")}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=l(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i {r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>n});const n="1.236.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{FN:()=>a,IF:()=>u,Nk:()=>f,Tt:()=>s,_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,pL:()=>c,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>d});const n="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=n?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=""+o?.location,s=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent),c=s&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,u=(()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),d=Boolean(n&&window.document.documentMode),f=!!navigator.sendBeacon},1117:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(2177),i=r(1284),o=r(4322),a=r(3325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=[...s[e]];function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u {let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},2177:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{c:()=>f,ee:()=>u});var n=r(8632),i=r(2210),o=r(1284),a=r(5763),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(e){return(0,i.X)(e,s,l)}function l(){return new d}function h(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},f={},g=!1;try{g=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var p={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:v,get:x,listeners:w,context:m,buffer:A,abort:h,aborted:!1,isBuffering:E,debugId:r,backlog:g?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return p;function m(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function v(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=m(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;fn,p:()=>i});var n=r(2177).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4322:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(5546);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(385);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}},4402:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Ht:()=>u,M:()=>c,Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});var n=r(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,++r).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s {r.d(t,{Bq:()=>n,Hb:()=>o,oD:()=>i});const n="NRBA",i=144e5,o=18e5},7894:(e,t,r)=>{function n(){return Math.round(performance.now())}r.d(t,{z:()=>n})},7243:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{e:()=>o});var n=r(385),i={};function o(e){if(e in i)return i[e];if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};let t;var r=n._A?.location,o={};if(n.il)t=document.createElement("a"),t.href=e;else try{t=new URL(e,r.href)}catch(e){return o}o.port=t.port;var a=t.href.split("://");!o.port&&a[1]&&(o.port=a[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===a[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=t.hostname||r.hostname,o.pathname=t.pathname,o.protocol=a[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var s=!t.protocol||":"===t.protocol||t.protocol===r.protocol,c=t.hostname===r.hostname&&t.port===r.port;return o.sameOrigin=s&&(!t.hostname||c),"/"===o.pathname&&(i[e]=o),o}},50:(e,t,r)=>{function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},2587:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>u});var n=r(2177),i=r(5546),o=r(8e3),a=r(3325);const s={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;void 0===u[t]&&(s[t]?s[t].forEach((e=>{n?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,r):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,r),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(n)],void 0,e,r)})):n&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,r),u[t]=Boolean(n))})),Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{void 0===u[e]&&(s[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,r))),u[e]=!1)})),(0,o.L)(t,a.D.pageViewEvent))}const u={}},2210:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n});const n=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[r,n]=e;return t(r,n)}))},4351:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P:()=>o});var n=r(2177);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(3239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(7894),i=r(385);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},7956:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>i});var n=r(3239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],r=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"==document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},1214:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{em:()=>v,u5:()=>N,QU:()=>S,_L:()=>I,Gm:()=>L,Lg:()=>M,gy:()=>U,BV:()=>Q,Kf:()=>ee});var n=r(2177);const i="nr@original";var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,a=!1;function s(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");var a,s,c,u="-"===n.charAt(0);for(c=0;c 2?n-2:0),o=2;o {r(A[T],e,w),r(E[T],e,w)})),r(l._A,"fetch",y),t.on(y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(y+"done",[e],n)})),t}const O={},j=["pushState","replaceState"];function S(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("history")}(e);return!l.il||O[t.debugId]++||(O[t.debugId]=1,s(t).inPlace(window.history,j,"-")),t}var P=r(3239);const C={},R=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function I(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!l.il||C[t.debugId])return t;C[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,o=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,a=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function c(e,t){var r=e.match(a),n=r[1],i=r[3];return i?c(i,t[n]):t[n]}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,R,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var n=(a=e.src,s=a.match(i),s?s[1]:null);var a,s;if(!n)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(o);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:c(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(n);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function f(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}function l(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}var k=r(5763);const H={};function L(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!l.il||H[t.debugId])return t;H[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=k.Yu.MO;return i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof i?new i(r(e,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype),t}const z={};function M(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(z[t.debugId])return t;z[t.debugId]=!0;var r=n.c,o=s(t),a=k.Yu.PR;return a&&function(){function e(r){var n=t.context(),i=o(r,"executor-",n,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(a,[i],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return n},s}l._A.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return a.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,a),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=a.prototype;const n=a.prototype.then;a.prototype.then=function(){var e=this,i=r(e);i.promise=e;for(var a=arguments.length,s=new Array(a),c=0;c e())),t};function m(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",E)}function b(){var e=this,t=r.context(e);e.readyState>3&&!t.resolved&&(t.resolved=!0,r.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,f,"fn-",E)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,p),p.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(p.prototype,J,"-xhr-",E),r.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){m(e,t),function(e){h.push(e),a&&(y?y.then(A):u?u(A):(w=-w,x.data=w))}(t)})),r.on("open-xhr-start",m),a){var y=c&&c.resolve();if(!u&&!c){var w=1,x=document.createTextNode(w);new a(A).observe(x,{characterData:!0})}}else t.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||A()}));function A(){for(var e=0;e {r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.ajax},6660:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{A:()=>i,t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.jserrors,i="nr@seenError"},3081:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},4649:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageAction},7633:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Dz:()=>i,OJ:()=>a,qw:()=>o,t9:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewEvent,i="firstbyte",o="domcontent",a="windowload"},9251:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewTiming},3614:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BST_RESOURCE:()=>i,END:()=>s,FEATURE_NAME:()=>n,FN_END:()=>u,FN_START:()=>c,PUSH_STATE:()=>d,RESOURCE:()=>o,START:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState"},7836:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BODY:()=>A,CB_END:()=>E,CB_START:()=>u,END:()=>x,FEATURE_NAME:()=>i,FETCH:()=>_,FETCH_BODY:()=>v,FETCH_DONE:()=>m,FETCH_START:()=>p,FN_END:()=>c,FN_START:()=>s,INTERACTION:()=>l,INTERACTION_API:()=>d,INTERACTION_EVENTS:()=>o,JSONP_END:()=>b,JSONP_NODE:()=>g,JS_TIME:()=>T,MAX_TIMER_BUDGET:()=>a,REMAINING:()=>f,SPA_NODE:()=>h,START:()=>w,originalSetTimeout:()=>y});var n=r(5763);const i=r(3325).D.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",f="remaining",l="interaction",h="spaNode",g="jsonpNode",p="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=n.Yu.ST,w="-start",x="-end",A="-body",E="cb"+x,T="jsTime",_="fetch"},5938:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(5763),i=r(2177);class o{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1}}},9144:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{j:()=>m});var n=r(3325),i=r(5763),o=r(5546),a=r(2177),s=r(7894),c=r(8e3),u=r(3960),d=r(385),f=r(50),l=r(3081),h=r(8632);function g(){const e=(0,h.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i 1?r-1:0),i=1;i {e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...n))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...n)}}))}var p=r(2587);function m(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},m=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,v=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:b,info:y,loader_config:w,runtime:x={loaderType:m},exposed:A=!0}=t;const E=(0,h.gG)();y||(b=E.init,y=E.info,w=E.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e,b||{}),(0,i.GE)(e,w||{}),(0,i.sU)(e,x),y.jsAttributes??={},d.v6&&(y.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e,y),g();const T=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const h={};var g=a.ee.get(e),p=g.get("tracer"),m="api-",v=m+"ixn-";function b(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),x(m,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"].forEach((e=>h[e]=x(m,e,!0,"api"))),h.addPageAction=x(m,"addPageAction",!0,n.D.pageAction),h.setCurrentRouteName=x(m,"routeName",!0,n.D.spa),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,x(m,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string or number type, but a type of was provided."))}else(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,a="function"==typeof t;return(0,o.p)(v+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,r],i,n.D.spa,g),function(){if(p.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,a],r),a)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw p.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{p.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],r)}}}};function x(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,g),r?void 0:this}}function A(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,f.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=x(v,e,void 0,n.D.spa)})),h.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),(0,o.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,n.D.jserrors,g)},d.il?(0,u.b)((()=>A()),!0):A(),h}(e,v);return(0,h.Qy)(e,T,"api"),(0,h.Qy)(e,A,"exposed"),(0,h.EZ)("activatedFeatures",p.T),T}},3325:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",242:"session-manager",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",412:"lazy-feature-loader",439:"async-api",538:"recorder",590:"session_replay-aggregate",675:"compressor",733:"session_trace-aggregate",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",898:"ajax-aggregate"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"ac76d497",147:"3dc53903",148:"1a20d5fe",242:"2a64278a",317:"49e41428",348:"bd6de33a",412:"2f55ce66",439:"30bd804e",538:"1b18459f",590:"cf0efb30",675:"ae9f91a8",733:"83105561",786:"06482edd",860:"03a8b7a5",873:"e6b09d52",898:"998ef92b"}[e]+"-1.236.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d {s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(h);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},h=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.j=364,i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={364:0,953:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u {i.r(o);var e=i(3325),t=i(5763);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(9144);var s=i(5546),c=i(385),u=i(8e3),d=i(5938),f=i(3960),l=i(50);class h extends d.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.auto=n,this.abortHandler,this.featAggregate,this.onAggregateImported,n&&(0,u.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;const r=c.il&&!0===(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let t;try{if(r){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await Promise.all([i.e(860),i.e(242)]).then(i.bind(i,3228));t=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",e)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,t))return void(0,u.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName);const{lazyFeatureLoader:r}=await i.e(412).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{Aggregate:o}=await r(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new o(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,e),n(!0)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),e),this.abortHandler?.(),n(!1)}};c.il?(0,f.b)((()=>o()),!0):o()}shouldImportAgg(r,n){return r!==e.D.sessionReplay||!1!==(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!n?.isNew||!!n?.state.sessionReplay)}}var g=i(7633),p=i(7894);class m extends h{static featureName=g.t9;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(r,n,g.t9,i),("undefined"==typeof PerformanceNavigationTiming||c.Tt)&&"undefined"!=typeof PerformanceTiming){const n=(0,t.OP)(r);n[g.Dz]=Math.max(Date.now()-n.offset,0),(0,f.K)((()=>n[g.qw]=Math.max((0,p.z)()-n[g.Dz],0))),(0,f.b)((()=>{const t=(0,p.z)();n[g.OJ]=Math.max(t-n[g.Dz],0),(0,s.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}this.importAggregator()}}var v=i(1117),b=i(1284);class y extends v.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,b.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=w(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,b.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=w(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=x(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=w(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i t.max&&(t.max=e),e 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,r,j.t,n),c.il&&((0,t.OP)(e).initHidden=Boolean("hidden"===document.visibilityState),(0,N.N)((()=>(0,s.p)("docHidden",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,O.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,s.p)("winPagehide",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var P=i(3081);class C extends h{static featureName=P.t9;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,P.t9,r),this.importAggregator()}}var R,I=i(2210),k=i(1214),H=i(2177),L={};try{R=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(L.console=!0,-1!==R.indexOf("dev")&&(L.dev=!0),-1!==R.indexOf("nr_dev")&&(L.nrDev=!0))}catch(e){}function z(e){try{L.console&&z(e)}catch(e){}}L.nrDev&&H.ee.on("internal-error",(function(e){z(e.stack)})),L.dev&&H.ee.on("fn-err",(function(e,t,r){z(r.stack)})),L.dev&&(z("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),z("flags: "+(0,b.D)(L,(function(e,t){return e})).join(", ")));var M=i(6660);class B extends h{static featureName=M.t;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,M.t,i),this.skipNext=0;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}const o=this;o.ee.on("fn-start",(function(e,t,r){o.abortHandler&&(o.skipNext+=1)})),o.ee.on("fn-err",(function(t,r,n){o.abortHandler&&!n[M.A]&&((0,I.X)(n,M.A,(function(){return!0})),this.thrown=!0,(0,s.p)("err",[n,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee))})),o.ee.on("fn-end",(function(){o.abortHandler&&!this.thrown&&o.skipNext>0&&(o.skipNext-=1)})),o.ee.on("internal-error",(function(t){(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee)})),this.origOnerror=c._A.onerror,c._A.onerror=this.onerrorHandler.bind(this),c._A.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(t=>{const r=function(e){let t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(e instanceof Error)try{return e.message=t+e.message,e}catch(t){return e}if(void 0===e)return new Error(t);try{return new Error(t+(0,D.P)(e))}catch(e){return new Error(t)}}(t.reason);(0,s.p)("err",[r,(0,p.z)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1}],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}),(0,O.m$)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),(0,k.gy)(this.ee),(0,k.BV)(this.ee),(0,k.em)(this.ee),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}onerrorHandler(t,r,n,i,o){"function"==typeof this.origOnerror&&this.origOnerror(...arguments);try{this.skipNext?this.skipNext-=1:(0,s.p)("err",[o||new F(t,r,n),(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(t){try{(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(e){}}return!1}}function F(e,t,r){this.message=e||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r}let U=1;const q="nr@id";function G(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===c._A?0:(0,I.X)(e,q,(function(){return U++}))}function V(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,D.P)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var X=i(7243);class W{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.generateTracePayload=this.generateTracePayload.bind(this),this.shouldGenerateTrace=this.shouldGenerateTrace.bind(this)}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var r=(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!r)return null;var n=(r.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(r.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(r.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,_.M)(),s=(0,_.Ht)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof c._A?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,D.P)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var r=!1,n={};if((0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(n=(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)r=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var i=0;i 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,Z.t,i),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(this.dt=new W(r),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,s.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee),(0,k.u5)(this.ee),(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),function(r,n,i,o){function a(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=E,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){_(t,e)}),(0,O.m$)(!1)),c.IF||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,O.m$)(!1))}function s(e){this.params={method:e[0]},T(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function u(e,n){var i=(0,t.DL)(r);i.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",i.xpid);var a=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(a){var s=!1;a.newrelicHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("newrelic",a.newrelicHeader),s=!0),a.traceContextParentHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("traceparent",a.traceContextParentHeader),a.traceContextStateHeader&&n.setRequestHeader("tracestate",a.traceContextStateHeader),s=!0),s&&(this.dt=a)}}function d(e,t){var r=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(r&&i){var a=V(i);a&&(r.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof t.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(t)}catch(e){try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s 1?e[1]=i:e.push(i)}else e[0]&&e[0].headers&&s(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function x(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof Y?r=i.url:c._A?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),T(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof Y&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.txSize=V(n.body)||0}function A(t,r){var n;this.endTime=(0,p.z)(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=r?r.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var o={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,p.z)()-this.startTime};i("xhr",[this.params,o,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,e.D.ajax)}function E(t){var r=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var o=0;o 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,we.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}new class{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,_.ky)(16);c._A?(this.agentIdentifier=t,this.sharedAggregator=new y({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(m),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,e,e.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()):(0,l.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=n(this.agentIdentifier),i=[...this.desiredFeatures];i.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===e.D.pageViewEvent){const n=function(t){switch(t){case e.D.ajax:return[e.D.jserrors];case e.D.sessionTrace:return[e.D.ajax,e.D.pageViewEvent];case e.D.sessionReplay:return[e.D.sessionTrace];case e.D.pageViewTiming:return[e.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(t.featureName);n.every((e=>r[e]))||(0,l.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,D.P)(n),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,T.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,T.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[J,m,S,class extends h{static featureName=oe;constructor(t,r){if(super(t,r,oe,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;const n=this.ee;let i;(0,k.QU)(n),this.eventsEE=(0,k.em)(n),this.eventsEE.on(se,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,p.z)()})),this.eventsEE.on(ae,(function(t,r){(0,s.p)("bst",[t[0],r,this.bstStart,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),n.on(ce+ne,(function(e){this.time=(0,p.z)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),n.on(ce+ie,(function(t){(0,s.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)}));try{i=new PerformanceObserver((t=>{const r=t.getEntries();(0,s.p)(te,[r],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),i.observe({type:re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator({resourceObserver:i})}},C,xe,B,class extends h{static featureName=de;constructor(e,r){if(super(e,r,de,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;if(!(0,t.OP)(e).xhrWrappable)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let n,i=0;const o=this.ee.get("tracer"),a=(0,k._L)(this.ee),s=(0,k.Lg)(this.ee),u=(0,k.BV)(this.ee),d=(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),f=this.ee.get("events"),l=(0,k.u5)(this.ee),h=(0,k.QU)(this.ee),g=(0,k.Gm)(this.ee);function m(e,t){h.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function v(){i++,n=window.location.hash,this[ve]=(0,p.z)()}function b(){i--,window.location.hash!==n&&m(0,!0);var e=(0,p.z)();this[pe]=~~this[pe]+e-this[ve],this[ye]=e}function y(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,p.z)()}))}this.ee.on(ve,v),s.on(be,v),a.on(be,v),this.ee.on(ye,b),s.on(ge,b),a.on(ge,b),this.ee.buffer([ve,ye,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),f.buffer([ve],this.featureName),u.buffer(["setTimeout"+le,"clearTimeout"+fe,ve],this.featureName),d.buffer([ve,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+fe],this.featureName),l.buffer([me+fe,me+"-done",me+he+fe,me+he+le],this.featureName),h.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),g.buffer([ve],this.featureName),s.buffer(["propagate",be,ge,"executor-err","resolve"+fe],this.featureName),o.buffer([ve,"no-"+ve],this.featureName),a.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),y(l,me+fe),y(l,me+"-done"),y(a,"new-jsonp"),y(a,"jsonp-end"),y(a,"cb-start"),h.on("pushState-end",m),h.on("replaceState-end",m),window.addEventListener("hashchange",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){m(0,i>1)}),(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}],loaderType:"spa"})})(),window.NRBA=o})(); window.jQuery || document.write(' ') CKEDITOR_BASEPATH='https://f1000research.com/js/vendor/ckeditor/' window.reactTheme = 'research'; window.MathJax = { CommonHTML: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, 'HTML-CSS': { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, AuthorInit: function() { MathJax.Hub.Register.MessageHook('End Process', function () { let timeout = false; // holder for timeout id const delay = 250; // delay after event is "complete" to run callback const reflowMath = function() { const dispFormulas = document.querySelectorAll('.disp-formula.panel'); if (!dispFormulas) { return; } for (const dispFormula of dispFormulas) { const child = dispFormula.querySelector('.MathJax_Preview').nextSibling.firstChild; const isMultiline = MathJax.Hub.getAllJax(dispFormula)[0].root.isMultiline; if (dispFormula.offsetWidth < child.offsetWidth || isMultiline) { MathJax.Hub.Queue(['Rerender', MathJax.Hub, dispFormula]); } } }; window.addEventListener('resize', function() { clearTimeout(timeout); // clear the timeout timeout = setTimeout(reflowMath, delay); // start timing for event "completion" }); }); }, }; if (window.location.hash == '#_=_'){ window.location = window.location.href.split('#')[0] } !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function() {n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)} ;if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1641728616063202'); fbq('track', "PixelInitialized", {}); (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:2318163,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); search file_upload Submit your research search menu close search Browse Gateways & Collections How to Publish Submit your Research My Submissions Article Guidelines Article Guidelines (New Versions) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines Open Data and Accessible Source Materials Guidelines (HSS) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines (PSE) Prepublication Checks Production Process Posters and Slides Guidelines Document Guidelines Article Processing Charges Peer Review Finding Article Reviewers About How it Works For Reviewers Our Advisors Policies Glossary FAQs For Developers Newsroom Contact My Research Submissions Content and Tracking Alerts My Details Sign In file_upload Submit your research { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612" }, "headline": "Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity?", "datePublished": "2024-06-10T15:16:25", "dateModified": "2024-09-13T16:56:20", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Milan Mašát" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "F1000Research", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 480, "width": 60 } }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 1200, "width": 150 }, "description": " Background In this paper we analyse the novel The End of Eddy by Édouard Louis. The motivation for this paper is Bourdeau’s (2020) observation that Louis’s book explores working class politics, sexuality, and masculinity. Methods We analysed the amendment through narrative content analysis, the application of which allows us to answer the following question: Édouard Louis’s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? Results We conclude that this narrative is built on contradictions that can be summarized as a conflict between a socio-cultural norm anchored in a French village and a person who does not fulfil this concept, who is outside of it. We believe that hegemonic masculinity, that is, one part of the cultural norm of a given village, causes Eddy’s inclination or consciousness of homonationalism. Thus, on the one hand, hegemonic masculinity is undoubtedly present in this novel; on the other hand, it forms a kind of background or socio-cultural environment which, although it defines itself against the given, unconsciously causes the “birth of the conscious homosexual”. Conclusions Thus, we dare to claim that the narrative under analysis is not only a representation of hegemonic masculinity, but also an accentuation of its external and internal influence on one’s own perception of (sexual) difference. " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v2", "name": "Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation..." } } ] } Home Browse Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Mašát M. Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151852.2 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Research Article Revised Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] Milan Mašát https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-3059 Milan Mašát https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-3059 PUBLISHED 13 Sep 2024 Author details Author details The Department of Czech Language and Literature, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Olomouc Region, 77140, Czech Republic Milan Mašát Roles: Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS This article is included in the Social Psychology gateway. Abstract Background In this paper we analyse the novel The End of Eddy by Édouard Louis. The motivation for this paper is Bourdeau’s (2020) observation that Louis’s book explores working class politics, sexuality, and masculinity. Methods We analysed the amendment through narrative content analysis, the application of which allows us to answer the following question: Édouard Louis’s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? Results We conclude that this narrative is built on contradictions that can be summarized as a conflict between a socio-cultural norm anchored in a French village and a person who does not fulfil this concept, who is outside of it. We believe that hegemonic masculinity, that is, one part of the cultural norm of a given village, causes Eddy’s inclination or consciousness of homonationalism. Thus, on the one hand, hegemonic masculinity is undoubtedly present in this novel; on the other hand, it forms a kind of background or socio-cultural environment which, although it defines itself against the given, unconsciously causes the “birth of the conscious homosexual”. Conclusions Thus, we dare to claim that the narrative under analysis is not only a representation of hegemonic masculinity, but also an accentuation of its external and internal influence on one’s own perception of (sexual) difference. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords The End of Eddy, narrative content analysis, hegemonic masculinity, homonationalism, socio-cultural environment, birth of the conscious homosexual, homophobia, gay, young adult literature, masculinity, coming out Corresponding Author(s) Milan Mašát ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Milan Mašát Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: Compilation and Verification of a Monothematic Set of Texts with the Theme of Shoah GFD_PdF_2024_02 The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Copyright: © 2024 Mašát M. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Mašát M. Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151852.2 ) First published: 10 Jun 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151852.1 ) Latest published: 13 Sep 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151852.2 ) Revised Amendments from Version 1 Based on the reviews, the interpretation was better terminologically anchored and some of the opponents' questions were explained (answers were provided). There was also a moderation of some statements that were written in accordance with the literal and non-multilateral interpretation of the concepts used by gender studies. Some explanatory passages were also clarified and recommended sources were added. Based on the reviews, the interpretation was better terminologically anchored and some of the opponents' questions were explained (answers were provided). There was also a moderation of some statements that were written in accordance with the literal and non-multilateral interpretation of the concepts used by gender studies. Some explanatory passages were also clarified and recommended sources were added. See the author's detailed response to the review by Robert Morrell See the author's detailed response to the review by Astrid Berner-Rodoreda READ REVIEWER RESPONSES Introduction The main aim of this paper is to show whether and, if so, to what extent a representation of hegemonic masculinity occurs in Édouard Louis’s novel The End of Eddy ( Louis, 2017 ). The motivation for this paper is Bourdeau’s (2020) observation that Louis’s book explores working class politics, sexuality, and masculinity. Drawing on Bourdeau’s insights, we analyse the autobiographical style of Louise’s writing and the themes of marginalisation and social exclusion implemented in this publication, seeking to substantiate or refute Bourdea’s claim that Louise emphasises non-hegemonic masculinities in this novel. We perceive non-hegemonic masculinities as a violation of the principles and procedures of hegemonic masculinity, i.e. a certain way of violation or transformation in the field of gender studies and the hierarchy of various societies. Hegemonic masculinity refers to the dominant forms of masculinity that shape social norms and expectations. These masculinities are often associated with power, control and traditional gender roles and influence men’s behaviour and perceptions in different contexts. Studies critique this concept and suggest that men’s behaviour does not always conform to a single hegemonic ideal. The portrayal of masculinity in the media and marketing, for example on product packaging, reinforces stereotypes and gender norms associated with hegemonic masculinity. Scholars have proposed alternative frameworks, such as cultural repertoires, to better capture the diversity and complexity of male experiences and expressions of masculinity beyond the traditional hegemonic model ( Nayak, 2023 ; Curone-Prieto, La Parra-Casado, &Vives-Cases, 2022 ; Berner-Rodoreda et al., 2023 ). The concept of so-called hegemonic masculinity was discussed by Connell in 1995. After considerable criticism from experts, Connell revised and reintroduced it in 2005 in collaboration with Messerschmidt. In his original concept, Connell understands hegemonic masculinity as “a pattern of practices (…) that allow male dominance over women to continue. Hegemonic masculinity was separate from other masculinities, especially subordinate masculinities. (…) It was not assumed to be normal in a statistical sense, (…) but it was certainly normative. It also embodied the most cherished way of being a man.” ( Connell & Messerschmidt, 2005 , p. 832). Hegemonic masculinity is simply the designation of the ideal type of man in a particular sociocultural order and historical period. Very often, hegemonic masculinity was/is associated with militarism (see Higate & Hopton, 2005 ). However, in addition to militarism, it is also connoted with other uniformed workers such as police officers and firefighters. Connell & Messerschmidt’s reworking of the understanding of hegemonic masculinity draws attention to two of its most important points: its plurality and its characteristic hierarchical nature. The variability and multiplicity of masculinities evident in the work is suggested, for example, by Collinson and Hearn (1996) , who focus on specific masculinities associated with men’s jobs. Swidler (1986) points out that these alternative models of culture, with all its implications, are a kind of base that continues to evolve. Hirsch and Kachtan (2018) underlines the need to look at this concept in a more multi-layered way, even though the basis of this theory largely corresponds to cultural practice. Johri (2023) states that Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity explores how dominant groups establish authority over gender identities, legitimizing patriarchy and subordinating women and men embodying subordinate masculinity. Yang (2020) underlines that this concept of hegemonic masculinity explores the legitimation and complexities beyond traditional notions, shaping influential perspectives in feminist sociology. Based on these statements we will try to point out the application of this concept in the analysed novel. Hegemonic masculinities in literature Hegemonic masculinities in literature are deeply intertwined with power dynamics and cultural norms ( Rose, 2022 or da Silva Sousa, 2022 ). The concept of hegemonic masculinity highlights how masculinity is embedded in culture, normalizing male domination ( Domínguez, Campo, & Arcos, 2022 ). Men often face health issues due to conforming to traditional masculine roles, leading to a lack of self-care ( King et al., 2021 ). In literature, the normalization of hegemonic masculinity perpetuates power imbalances and justifies domination. Moreover, the intersection of hegemonic masculinity with violence in intimate relationships, including within gay couples, showcases how this construct perpetuates power dynamics through various forms of violence. Overall, literature reflects and reinforces the cultural norms and power structures associated with hegemonic masculinities, shaping societal perceptions and behaviours. Liu et al. (2022) or Green, Satyen, and Toumbourou (2024) state that cultural norms play a significant role in literature, influencing translation practices and the portrayal of characters. Al-Fouzan (2019) adds that translators face challenges when dealing with culture-specific references, often resorting to adaptation by deletion, replacement, or addition to bridge cultural gaps. We are aware that we apply the relevant concept to the analysis without its other nuances (e.g. the fact that this concept can be implemented in different ways). We chose this procedure to simplify the text and to point out a specific application of one possible interpretation of this concept. Briefly about the novel The End of Eddy Bourdeau (2020) or Dalibert (2018) state that The End of Eddy delves into themes of class, masculinity, and sexuality. The novel portrays the struggles of a young gay man from a working-class background, highlighting issues of shame, social ascension, and rejection of societal norms ( Foerster, 2016 ). It is situated within a broader discussion on the representation of working-class individuals in French society, shedding light on the exclusion of white working-class populations and the concept of homonationalism ( Barde & Triquenaux, 2015 ). Homonationalism , as defined by Jasbir Puar, describes a conspiracy between LGBTQ subjects or discourses of rights and nationalism, whereby some LGBTQ individuals conform to nationalist and imperialist agendas rather than being excluded ( Masri, 2022 ). This concept has been extended to the evaluation of the sovereignty of nations based on LGBTQ rights, leading to the term “pinkwashing” to describe nations promoting a “gay-friendly” image to distract from political violence ( Liinason, 2023 ). Through a blend of autobiography and fiction, Louis challenges traditional narratives and societal expectations, contributing to a larger discourse on class dynamics, gender identity, and the intersectionality of oppressions. This article will therefore focus on the way in which the concept of hegemonic masculinity, or non-homogemonic masculinity and certain cultural norms, is represented in Louis’s novel. We are aware that the concept of homonacism is not primarily emphasized in the publication, but there are moments, implicit or explicit, that refer to this concept. Thus, although we will refer to this concept, and in most cases in conjunction with non-homogenous masculinity, we are aware that this is not a representation of the central idea of the narrative. Methods The research was based on the method of narrative analysis with the fact that we focused on the themes of hegemonic masculinity in the context of the accentuation of (specific) socio-cultural norms. Cornell, Brander and Peden (2023) state that narrative content analysis of literature involves an in-depth interpretation of narrative texts, especially those that relate to current events or political discourse. Qian and Sun (2022) add that it focuses on understanding the narrative structure, the presence of the narrator and the language used in the text. By studying narrative in literary works, we can discover the personal perspective of the narrators, the language they use, and the way they shape the story ( Tallarico et al., 2021 ). Crucially for our analysis, this method of discovery explores how narratives reflect social history, personal histories, and cultural codes, providing insight into the experiences of characters and the wider context of the narrative ( Shazad et al., 2022 ), which can be perceived as overarching concepts for both masculinity and homonationalism. Results The publication The End of Eddy is based on the depiction of several contradictions. We are not afraid of using the term contradiction because we want to draw a somewhat harsh attention to certain aspects of the novel that fill the semantic field of the term. The protagonist (the narrator) grows up in a northern French village based especially on patriarchy. The men are seen as the breadwinners, whose concern is to provide financially for their families, for which the members are supposed to be grateful and devoted. Devotion is seen not only in terms of gratitude to parents, but also in terms of uncritical acceptance of their worldview and in following their example. Any deviation from these a priori planned and predetermined life paths is punished by the entire village community. Thus Eddy, aware of his sexual difference, must struggle not only with his family and his social environment, but also with himself. The moment he realizes that he is homosexual, I under the influence of his parents, especially his mother, he dates girls and ostentatiously shows himself to them. Firstly, to avoid the bullying he experiences at school, but also to “calm public opinion” about his person, his orientation, his otherness. Thus, although there is a necessary coming to terms with his otherness, Eddy is also praised. However, it can be observed that he is praised mainly for his upbringing, which is a credit to his immediate environment, not his own. Another contrast is the perception of the world by the villagers in comparison with the author’s experience of studying in an Amiens high school. Villagers consider any feminine expression (groomed appearance, cultural speech, or academic goals) in men as homosexuality, whereas in a large urban school these aspects are an integral part of life; on the contrary, their exclusion may imply a certain degree of ostracization or stigmatization of a person who does not meet these a priori notions of an Amiens. We believe that the narrative’s relatively explicit portrayal of the boys’ attitudes to parenting and behaviour is, to some extent, exaggerated in order to clearly highlight the differences in the relevant area and Eddy’s perception of them. We have already indicated that a significant part of the publication is the thematization of the relationship between men and women. Men, portrayed as the absolute rulers of families and villages, as fertilisers and as hard workers in the local factory, are emblematic of “old” France, of the old world in general. The book also highlights other socio-cultural norms by which men are judged: at the age of thirteen, Eddy’s villagers (mostly his family) are surprised that he has not yet had sexual relations with a girl. Girls who would have sexual relations with men at an inappropriate age, or who would have replaced multiple men in their search for the right one, are seen as “whores”. Women and girls are therefore in a subordinate role. And it is from this entrenched social background that Eddy breaks out. He does not represent a man who regularly gets drunk, fights, and subsequently has sex with many girls, but he is cultured and, even given his constant search for himself, rather introverted, avoiding society. The pivotal moment that shifts Eddy’s decision-making, actions and self-perception in a certain way is when he and his friends are cornered by his mother in a garden shed during sexual play. Eddy’s mother, who still does not admit that her son could be gay, is completely surprised and passes the solution to this problem on to Eddy’s father. He resolves the situation in the typical social manner: he slaps Eddy and forbids him from the activities in question. At this point - although Eddy tries to change his sexual orientation - he plans his escape, deciding definitively not to go to high school, where all the citizens of the village went and still go, but to continue his studies in Paris. He thus sets himself against the established order: on the one hand, he inadvertently gives evidence of his minority sexual orientation, but also distances himself from the assumed following of village traditions: graduating from the local secondary school and then joining the neighbouring factory. Although Eddy and his family try to keep what happened in their shed a secret from everyone. However, the situation comes to light when one of the direct participants explodes everything at the school. All the ridicule and certain forms of persecution are directed at Eddy because he has been breaking with the conventions and norms of his life so far. Discussion We believe that the above, in our opinion, the driving moments of Louis’s narrative, in a way represent the thematic levels we have pursued in the story. Homonationalism is portrayal of heteronomous masculinity is put in the context of village cultural norms that are - metaphorically speaking - passed down from generation to generation and whose disruption is unforgivable. To put it plainly - this is the transmission of certain norms and, in a way, stereotypes from generation to generation, especially in connection with the gender of persons. These village cultural norms are based on the role of the male - the breadwinner, the tough guy - who has control over the events of the entire social group. In the context of this role, it is understood that men are representatives of heteronormativity (hegemonic masculinity), that is, their other social role is to procreate the events to which they can transmit the norms anchored in the village and punish them at their discretion for their violation. Homonationalism is explicated indirectly in the book. Eddy tries to be part of the majority - heteronormative - society. His homonationalism only becomes apparent after he is discovered with his friends in the shed - this moment can be considered a turning point, when he realizes that he is a member of the homosexual minority and that he wants to be part of it while attending high school. Conclusion At the beginning of the article, we asked the question Édouard Louis’ novel The End of Eddy: A Representation of hegemonic masculinity? The answer to this question is not clear-cut. We are of the opinion that hegemonic masculinity, i.e. one part of the cultural norm of the given village, causes Eddy’s inclination or awareness of homonationalism, at the level of self-discovery and subsequent acceptance, which culminates in Eddy’s desire to blend in with the LGBTQ community while studying in high school. On the one hand, hegemonic masculinity is undoubtedly represented in this novel, on the other hand, it forms a kind of scenery or socio-cultural environment, which, although it is defined in relation to the given, unconsciously causes “the birth of the conscious homosexual”. We therefore dare to claim that the analysed narrative is not only a representation of hegemonic masculinity, but also an accentuation of its external and internal influence on one’s own perception of (sexual) difference. We realize that we are not giving a clear answer to the question that was the starting point of this article. Aspects of subordinate, complicit, and protest/alternative masculinities can certainly be traced in the novel, but we are of the opinion that these elements of masculinity are (un) implicitly subordinated precisely to the accentuation of hegemonic masculinity in the novel, the requirement of which on the basis of anchored social norms led to Eddy’s homonationalism on the level an awareness of belonging to a minority sexual orientation and an effort to perceive and present this belonging as a positive difference from the social norm or the majority. Ethics and consent Ethical approval and consent were not required. References Al-Fouzan NS: Cultural Norms in Translating Children’s Literature. Arab World Engl. J. 2019; 229 (2019): 1–52. Publisher Full Text Barde C, Triquenaux M: Textes transfuges, textes refuges. Fonctions de l’intertextualité dans“En finir avec Eddy Bellegueule” d’Édouard Louis. Inverses: littératures, Arts, Homosexualités. 2015; 2015 (15). Reference Source Berner-Rodoreda A, et al. : Cultural Repertoires and Situated Selections as an Alternative Framework to Hegemonic Masculinities: Findings From Eswatini. Am. J. Mens Health. 2023; 17 (1): 155798832311521. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text Bourdeau L: De “Pas comme les autres”à “tous dominés”dans En finir avec Eddy Bellegueule d’Édouard Louis. Nouvelles Études Francophones. 2020; 35 (1): 71–85. Publisher Full Text Collinson D, Hearn J: “Men at work”: multiple masculinities/multiple workplaces.Máirtín M, Ghaill, editors. Understanding masculinities: social relations and cultural arenas. Buckingham: Open University Press; 1996; pp. 61−76. Connell R, Messerschmidt JW: Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the Concept. Gend. Soc. 2005; 19 (6): 829–859. Publisher Full Text Cornell S, Brander R, Peden A: Selfie-Related Incidents: Narrative Review and Media Content Analysis. J. Med. Internet Res. 2023; 25 (25): e47202. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text Curone-Prieto RC, La Parra-Casado D, Vives-Cases C: Hegemonic masculinities and femininities in food industry packaging. Fem. Media Stud. 2022; 23 (8): 4203–4220. Publisher Full Text da Silva Sousa S : Masculinidade hegemônica: contingências relacionadas ao déficit de autocuidado à saúde em homens. Perspectivas Em Análise Do Comportamento. 2022; 13 (2): 207–218. Publisher Full Text Dalibert M: En finir avec Eddy Bellegueule dans les médias. Questions de Communication. 2018; 33 (2018): 89–109. Publisher Full Text Domínguez JP, Campo CI, Arcos LCC: Hegemonic masculinity and violence in gay couples: a psychoanalytic reading. Ágora. 2022; 25 (1): 52–63. Publisher Full Text Foerster M: Du “Familles, je vous hais !” au transfuge de classe: le cas Eddy Bellegueule. Critical Review of Contemporary French Fixxion. 2016; 12 (2016): 72–83. Publisher Full Text Green J, Satyen L, Toumbourou JW: Influence of Cultural Norms on Formal Service Engagement Among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2024; 25 (1): 738–751. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text Higate P, Hopton J: War, Militarism and Masculinities.Kimmel M, et al. , editors. Handbook of studies on men and masculinities. CA: Sage; 2005; pp. 432−437. Hirsch D, Kachtan D: Is “Hegemonic Masculinity” Hegemonicas Masculinity? Two Israeli Case Studies. Men Masculinities. 2018; 21 (5): 687–708. Publisher Full Text Johri M: From Hegemony to Inclusivity: Perspectives on Models of Masculinity by R.W. Connell and Greg Anderson. Int. J. English Lit. Soc. Sci. 2023; 8 (4): 191–196. Publisher Full Text King N, et al. : The Hegemony in Masculinity. Men Masculinities. 2021; 24 (3): 432–450. Publisher Full Text Liinason M: Homonationalism across borders. Exploring cross-border exchange and strategic homonationalism in the construction of progressive nationalism. Sexualities. 2023; 26 (1−2): 86–104. Publisher Full Text Liu RW, et al. : Culture and Social Norms: Development and Application of a Model for Culturally Contextualized Communication Measurement (MC3M). Front. Commun. 2022; 6 (2021). Publisher Full Text Louis É: The End of Eddy. London: Harvill Secker; 2017. Masri H: Homonationalism’s Viral Travels. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. 2022. Publisher Full Text Nayak A: Decolonizing Care: Hegemonic Masculinity, Caring Masculinities, and the Material Configurations of Care. Men Masculin. 2023; 26 (2): 167–187. Publisher Full Text Qian Y, Sun Y: Bibliometric analysis of literature on narrative discourse in corporate annual reports (1990–2019). Qual. Quant. 2022; 56 (2022): 429–446. Publisher Full Text Rose L: Hegemonic Masculinity and Ecofeminist Literature.Vakoch DA, editor. The Routledge Handbook of Ecofeminism and Literature. New York: Routledge; 2022. Publisher Full Text Shazad M, et al. : Analysis of cancer drug prices: a narrative review of literature. J. Pharm. Health Serv. Res. 2022; 13 (3): 208–214. Publisher Full Text Swidler A: Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies. Am. Sociol. Rev. 1986; 51 (2): 273–286. Publisher Full Text Tallarico M, et al. : Implant Fracture: A Narrative Literature Review. Prosthesis. 2021; 3 (4): 267–279. Publisher Full Text Yang Y: What’s Hegemonic about Hegemonic Masculinity? Legitimation and Beyond. Sociol. Theory. 2020; 38 (4): 318–333. Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 10 Jun 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details The Department of Czech Language and Literature, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Olomouc Region, 77140, Czech Republic Milan Mašát Roles: Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information Compilation and Verification of a Monothematic Set of Texts with the Theme of Shoah GFD_PdF_2024_02 The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Article Versions (2) version 2 Revised Published: 13 Sep 2024, 13:612 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151852.2 version 1 Published: 10 Jun 2024, 13:612 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151852.1 Copyright © 2024 Mašát M. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Mašát M. Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.151852.2 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 13 Sep 2024 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Kasih ENEW. Reviewer Report For: Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171805.r370371 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v2#referee-response-370371 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 04 Apr 2025 E Ngestirosa Endang Woro Kasih , Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia, Lampung, Indonesia Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171805.r370371 The article "Édouard Louis’s novel The End of Eddy: A Representation of Hegemonic Masculinity?" explores the portrayal of masculinity, sexuality, and socio-cultural norms in Louis’s novel through narrative content analysis. The study examines how hegemonic masculinity—dominant, traditional ... Continue reading READ ALL The article "Édouard Louis’s novel The End of Eddy: A Representation of Hegemonic Masculinity?" explores the portrayal of masculinity, sexuality, and socio-cultural norms in Louis’s novel through narrative content analysis. The study examines how hegemonic masculinity—dominant, traditional male roles—shapes the protagonist Eddy’s self-awareness and eventual identification with the LGBTQ community. The novel highlights the rigid expectations placed on men in a working-class French village and how deviations from these norms lead to social punishment. The article argues that while hegemonic masculinity is strongly represented in the novel, it also acts as a catalyst for Eddy’s realization of his sexual identity, leading to his conscious embrace of his difference. The study further discusses the intersection of masculinity with homo nationalism, though this aspect remains a secondary theme in the novel. Is the work clearly and accurately presented, and does it cite the current literature? Partly – The article is well-structured and references relevant literature on hegemonic masculinity, gender norms, and homonationalism. However, some parts of the analysis are complex and could be more clearly articulated, particularly in linking theoretical frameworks directly to textual evidence from the novel. ​​​Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes – The use of narrative content analysis is appropriate for examining themes of masculinity in literature. The theoretical background is well-established, and the study aligns with established research methodologies. Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly – While the study provides a general overview of its approach, more specific details about how the narrative content analysis was conducted (e.g., coding process, selection criteria for themes) would improve replicability. If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable – The study is qualitative and does not involve statistical analysis. Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No source data required – Since the study is based on literary analysis rather than empirical data collection, raw data is not necessary for reproducibility. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly – The conclusions effectively summarize the key findings, particularly in discussing the role of hegemonic masculinity in shaping Eddy’s identity. However, the argument about homo nationalism could be further substantiated with more direct textual evidence from the novel to avoid speculation. The article is well-researched and cites relevant literature , including Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity and its revisions. However, some parts of the argument could be more clearly articulated , particularly in connecting theoretical frameworks directly to textual evidence. The study design is appropriate , using narrative content analysis, but the methodology could be explained in greater detail to improve replicability —for instance, specifying how themes were identified in the text. The conclusions are largely supported by the analysis , though the discussion of homo nationalism would benefit from stronger textual evidence. Since the study is qualitative, no statistical analysis is required , and source data is not necessary for reproducibility . Overall, the article presents a compelling exploration of masculinity in The End of Eddy , though greater clarity in methodology and argumentation would enhance its impact. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No source data required Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: My research focuses on American literature and minority literature, including works by women, children, and various indigenous tribes. Additionally, I explore literary theories such as deconstruction, popular literature, and other relevant theoretical frameworks. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Kasih ENEW. Reviewer Report For: Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171805.r370371 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v2#referee-response-370371 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Morrell R. Reviewer Report For: Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171805.r323379 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v2#referee-response-323379 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 18 Sep 2024 Robert Morrell , Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, Mowbray, Western Cape, South Africa Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171805.r323379 I am happy for it ... Continue reading READ ALL I am happy for it to be indexed without further revision. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Gender, Masculinities, Violence, Fatherhood, Schooling, HIV interventions, Southern Theory, University staff development, Southern African History I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Morrell R. Reviewer Report For: Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171805.r323379 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v2#referee-response-323379 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 10 Jun 2024 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Berner-Rodoreda A. Reviewer Report For: Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.166539.r311523 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v1#referee-response-311523 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 10 Sep 2024 Astrid Berner-Rodoreda , Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.166539.r311523 REVIEW The author asks the interesting question whether the autobiographical novel by Edouard Louis is a representation of hegemonic masculinity. The question requires a critical engagement with Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity and an analysis of the novel in ... Continue reading READ ALL REVIEW The author asks the interesting question whether the autobiographical novel by Edouard Louis is a representation of hegemonic masculinity. The question requires a critical engagement with Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity and an analysis of the novel in this regard. While this paper provides some interesting thoughts, it is perhaps a bit too brief to delve into the concept of hegemonic masculinities vis-à-vis the novel in sufficient depth and detail. Introduction In the first paragraph, it remains unclear if the author is interested in analysing Louis’ book or Bourdeau’s interpretation of it. The “it” in the second last sentence has no clear reference. The paragraphs on hegemonic masculinity could have gone into slightly more detail on the concept and the various critiques of it. Hegemonic masculinity has played an overarching role in masculinity studies of various academic disciplines over a number of decades and allowed scholars to analyse the dynamics of a given society in upholding and reinforcing certain aspects of masculinity as the “most honoured way of being a man” [ 1 ]. However, the concept has also been critiqued for gender stereotyping [ 2 ], for being vague in referring to social practice, a masculine ideal or both [ 3 ], [ 4 ] and for encompassing a plurality of contradictory ideals [ 5 ]. For the concept of cultural repertoires, I would recommend to add the following references [ 4 ], [ 6 ] . The author brings in a second concept in the introduction, that of homonationalism. The rationale for utilizing this concept in analysing Louis’ book does not become altogether clear as the story of Eddie is a rather localized story of the author’s experience of growing up, struggling and eventually embracing his sexual orientation in a close-knit village. Villagers seemed to largely endorse and uphold concepts of men as strong, working-class, main income-earners, heterosexually virile, alcohol-drinking with a certain acceptance of violence (yet tolerance towards violent men seemed to differ considerably in the community). The book does not speak about France or French society as such - to interpret the book through the concept of homonationalism seems therefore a little far-fetched to me. There was little in the book to suggest any embracing of nationalist ideas by the LGBTQ+ community (which does not figure in the book as a community). The book alludes to more tolerance towards different sexual orientations at the high school/boarding school in Amiens. The fear of strangers (e.g., people of colour) was mentioned from the father’s perspective, not from an LGBTQ+ perspective. The reason for using this concept for analysing the book remains obscure to me. Methods Perhaps the author could reference the “narrative content analysis” method - the reference provided refers to a content analysis (counting themes) in a narrative review. I would recommend to explain what a “narrative content analysis” entails and what themes were counted. My impression is that a narrative analysis rather than a content analysis was employed. The first sentence sounds a bit odd – who is the “you”? Results I would guard against sweeping statements, such as “The protagonist (the author) grows up in a northern French village based purely on patriarchy” or “Any deviation from these a priori planned and predetermined life paths is punished and punished by the entire village community”. This, to me, goes beyond what we can gather from the book. In fact, the book is more nuanced. Some mothers congratulate Eddy’s mother for bringing up such a nice boy. This section could be improved by providing more nuance. I would also reconsider where to apply the term “contradiction” – is a homosexual boy growing up in a conservative village environment a “contradiction”? Is perhaps not rather the behaviour of people in the village (family and friends, school-mates) contradictory - on the one hand upholding heterosexual norms, yet also engaging in homosexual acts (friends); bullying and beating Eddy, but also acknowledging and celebrating his performing talents (school mates); the father threatening Eddy to never practise homosexuality again, yet protecting Eddy from his elder brother who wants to kill Eddy; the father letting himself be beaten up by his older son so that Eddy will survive; both parents enabling him to pursue secondary education with a baccalauréat when none of their other children seem to be given the same opportunity (parents). In the French version of Louis’ book, he did not go to Paris but to a secondary school in Amiens, a town in Northern France. Not a lot of detail is provided about this time – I feel the second paragraph in the results section is a bit of an over-interpretation of these pages. The next paragraph brings out the contrast between the expectations towards men and women quite well. Here one could have delved a bit deeper into the analysis of a hierarchy of masculinities and femininities. Again, adding nuances and seeing where the book fits neatly into the hegemonic masculinity framework and where there is tension might add more to our understanding. The mother could work until she earned more than her husband, then she was told to quit her job; yet in other families, the mother was a teacher or a single mother – the degree to which women could make their own decisions thus seemed to vary across the village and according to their socio-economic situation. Eddy’s girlfriend Laura had a bad reputation in the village and was called a “pute” or “salope” (whore/slut) which emphasizes the point the author makes about different societal expectations towards the sexual behaviour of men and women. At the same time, going out with her increased Eddy’s respect by his male cousin – Eddy describes it as a form of admiration which motivates him to keep going with this relationship. In terms of masculinities, we see Eddy’s father being strictly against homosexuality and making right wing political statements in that regard but he protects a homosexual man when the mob turned against this man. Eddy’s father also never laid hands on his wife or children and would rather accept to be beaten up by his son than to retaliate, yet would often beat other men if they seemed interested in his wife. The father became unemployed, yet was able to still maintain the drinking habits with his friends who seemed to provide the alcohol for him. There seem to be many layers of masculinity that could be explored in more depth in the novel. Discussion My recommendation would be to discuss the extent to which the hegemonic masculinity framework is upheld through the novel – where do we see hegemonic, subordinate, marginalized masculinities – how are femininities portrayed? I fail to see what this novel has to do with homonationalism – where in this story is there a favourable association between the LGBTQ+ community and nationalist ideology? Eddy himself takes on his father’s fear of people of colour when he goes to Amiens – this is the only point that might be interpreted as homonationalism in my opinion, and this would be on rather thin grounds. I also do not understand the sentence: “Homonationalism is portrayal of heteronomous masculinity is put in the context of village cultural norms that are - metaphorically speaking - passed down from generation to generation and whose disruption is unforgivable”. Another sentence also needs rewriting: “their other social role is to procreate the events to which they can transmit the norms anchored in the village and punish them at their discretion for their violation”. Conclusion The link of this novel to homonationalism remains obscure. I would drop this concept altogether and summarize here where the hegemonic framework is helpful and where the story may not support the framework. I think this would help the reader gain a deeper understanding of the complexity of masculinities and femininities in this autobiographical novel. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly References 1. Connell R, Messerschmidt J: Hegemonic Masculinity. Gender & Society . 2005; 19 (6): 829-859 Publisher Full Text 2. Collier R: Masculinities, Crime and Criminology. Sage . 1998. Reference Source 3. Beasley C: Rethinking Hegemonic Masculinity in a Globalizing World. Men and Masculinities . 2008; 11 (1): 86-103 Publisher Full Text 4. Hirsch D, Kachtan D: Is “Hegemonic Masculinity” Hegemonicas Masculinity? Two Israeli Case Studies. Men and Masculinities . 2018; 21 (5): 687-708 Publisher Full Text 5. Berner-Rodoreda A, Vandormael A, Bärnighausen K, Mavuso M, et al.: Cultural Repertoires and Situated Selections as an Alternative Framework to Hegemonic Masculinities: Findings From Eswatini. Am J Mens Health . 2023; 17 (1): 15579883231152110 PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 6. Swidler A: Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies. American Sociological Review . 1986; 51 (2). Publisher Full Text Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: masculinity; stigma; qualitative research methods; policy; Global Health; HIV interventions; COVID-19 I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Berner-Rodoreda A. Reviewer Report For: Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.166539.r311523 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v1#referee-response-311523 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 23 Nov 2024 Milan Mašát , The Department of Czech Language and Literature, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, 77140, Czech Republic 23 Nov 2024 Author Response Dear Astrid Berner-Rodoreda, Thank you very much for the very stimulating comments on my article, which I tried to incorporate into the text(even taking into account the second review). All ... Continue reading Dear Astrid Berner-Rodoreda, Thank you very much for the very stimulating comments on my article, which I tried to incorporate into the text(even taking into account the second review). All the changes I made are highlighted in red in the text. Sincerely, Milan Mašát Dear Astrid Berner-Rodoreda, Thank you very much for the very stimulating comments on my article, which I tried to incorporate into the text(even taking into account the second review). All the changes I made are highlighted in red in the text. Sincerely, Milan Mašát Competing Interests: no Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 23 Nov 2024 Milan Mašát , The Department of Czech Language and Literature, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, 77140, Czech Republic 23 Nov 2024 Author Response Dear Astrid Berner-Rodoreda, Thank you very much for the very stimulating comments on my article, which I tried to incorporate into the text(even taking into account the second review). All ... Continue reading Dear Astrid Berner-Rodoreda, Thank you very much for the very stimulating comments on my article, which I tried to incorporate into the text(even taking into account the second review). All the changes I made are highlighted in red in the text. Sincerely, Milan Mašát Dear Astrid Berner-Rodoreda, Thank you very much for the very stimulating comments on my article, which I tried to incorporate into the text(even taking into account the second review). All the changes I made are highlighted in red in the text. Sincerely, Milan Mašát Competing Interests: no Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Morrell R. Reviewer Report For: Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.166539.r295721 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v1#referee-response-295721 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 02 Aug 2024 Robert Morrell , Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, Mowbray, Western Cape, South Africa Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.166539.r295721 This is an interesting, sophisticated but somewhat dense paper with a very specific focus explained as “Bourdeau’s (2020) observation that Louis’s book explores working class politics, sexuality, and masculinity”. It seeks to use the concept, hegemonic masculinity, developed by Connell ... Continue reading READ ALL This is an interesting, sophisticated but somewhat dense paper with a very specific focus explained as “Bourdeau’s (2020) observation that Louis’s book explores working class politics, sexuality, and masculinity”. It seeks to use the concept, hegemonic masculinity, developed by Connell (and later debated and refined over decades) to analyse the gendered representation of masculinity by asking (in the title) the question: “A representation of hegemonic masculinity?” I wonder whether this was a helpful framing because, as my notes below indicate, I think this question encourages a binaried approach which in the end produces a static analysis where it would have been possible, drawing on other concepts in Connell’s masculinities conceptual toolkit, to offer a more nuanced analysis. In my notes below, I provide examples to support my conclusion but also note stylistic infelicities which, if addressed, would make the paper easier for readers. Methods: “ We analysed the amendment through narrative content analysis,” Comment : It is not clear what ‘amendment’ refers to. Needs clarification. Introduction “ Hegemonic masculinity refers to the dominant forms of masculinity that shape social norms and expectations. These masculinities are often associated with power, control and traditional gender roles and influence men’s behaviour and perceptions in different contexts.” Comment: Although the author follows this definition with a review of a literature on hegemonic masculinity, my sense is that this initial offering is too bland and doesn’t do justice to the contested nature of the concept. The author uses hegemonic masculinity as an equivalent for dominant masculinity and indeed other authors adopt this approach as well. But in fact Connell explicitly distinguishes hegemony from dominance with the emphasis in the case, following Gramsci, of hegemony on agreement/consent rather than force (which is associated with dominance). [ ref1 ]; [ ref 2 ]; [ ref 3 ]. But I have to concede that the concept is widely used and remains useful in analysis and authors have to take some theoretical risks when they use it. Hegemonic masculinities in literature Comment : This section fixes the content of masculinity as oppressive which is not in line with the contested nature of hegemonic masculinity. In other words, the author is assuming a fixed content of hegemonic masculinity rather than allowing a more fluid use of the concept where the content and form of hegemonic masculinity are contested and dynamic. “Overall, literature reflects and reinforces the cultural norms and power structures associated with hegemonic masculinities, shaping societal perceptions and behaviours.” Comment : Here we see the effects of adopting a narrow definition of hegemonic masculinity. This statement effectively is reproductionist where literature (no matter its provenance, politics and so on) is simply an arrow in the quiver of hegemonic masculinity. It is difficult to see how any literature, in terms of this statement, can be counter-hegemonic or how it can be part of a process of envisioning alternative (or protest) masculinities. “non-homogemonic masculinity” This is confusing for the reader – what does this mean? It isn’t defined or explained. Methods Comment : It is not clear whether the ‘narrator’ refers to the voice of a character in the novel or actually refers to the novelist himself. This confusion is compounded in the Results section by the statement “The protagonist (the author)”. Results : “based purely on patriarchy”. Comment : The intrusion of concepts from gender studies or the social sciences is necessary but this occurs often in a static way where the content and purpose of the term is assumed which gives the impression that life is one-dimensional and uncontested. I think one can use a concept like patriarchy without reifying it and I would have thought that literature would be an ideal place for such nuanced attention. The description of Eddy’s life in his village is clear and well-written and the choices he makes are well contextualised. Discussion: “Homonationalism is portrayal of heteronomous masculinity is put in the context of village cultural norms that are - metaphorically speaking - passed down from generation to generation and whose disruption is unforgivable”. Comment : I find this a difficult sentence to follow. Conclusion : Comment : The author, having asked the question, offers an ambiguous answer. Yes and No. I am not sure that this enhances our understanding of the gendered significance of this novel. Would it not have been better to embrace the other elements of Connell’s masculinities framework – subordinate, complicit and protest/alternative masculinities to show how these are present in the novel? This would also have allowed the author to evade what appears to be a binaried treatment of masculinity – either hegemonic or not hegemonic. My concerns at the outset were that the key concepts have been rendered in static ways and I think that the conclusion reflects this limitation. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No source data required Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly References 1. Coles T: Negotiating the Field of Masculinity. Men and Masculinities . 2009; 12 (1): 30-44 Publisher Full Text 2. Messerschmidt J: Engendering Gendered Knowledge. Men and Masculinities . 2012; 15 (1): 56-76 Publisher Full Text 3. Messerschmidt J: The Salience of “Hegemonic Masculinity”. Men and Masculinities . 2019; 22 (1): 85-91 Publisher Full Text Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Gender, Masculinities, Violence, Fatherhood, Schooling, HIV interventions, Southern Theory, University staff development, Southern African History I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Morrell R. Reviewer Report For: Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.166539.r295721 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v1#referee-response-295721 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 13 Sep 2024 Milan Mašát , The Department of Czech Language and Literature, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, 77140, Czech Republic 13 Sep 2024 Author Response Dear Robert Morrell, thank you very much for the very stimulating comments on my article, which I tried to incorporate into the text (even taking into account the second review). ... Continue reading Dear Robert Morrell, thank you very much for the very stimulating comments on my article, which I tried to incorporate into the text (even taking into account the second review). All the changes I made are highlighted in red in the text. Sincerely, Milan Mašát Dear Robert Morrell, thank you very much for the very stimulating comments on my article, which I tried to incorporate into the text (even taking into account the second review). All the changes I made are highlighted in red in the text. Sincerely, Milan Mašát Competing Interests: not Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 13 Sep 2024 Milan Mašát , The Department of Czech Language and Literature, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, 77140, Czech Republic 13 Sep 2024 Author Response Dear Robert Morrell, thank you very much for the very stimulating comments on my article, which I tried to incorporate into the text (even taking into account the second review). ... Continue reading Dear Robert Morrell, thank you very much for the very stimulating comments on my article, which I tried to incorporate into the text (even taking into account the second review). All the changes I made are highlighted in red in the text. Sincerely, Milan Mašát Dear Robert Morrell, thank you very much for the very stimulating comments on my article, which I tried to incorporate into the text (even taking into account the second review). All the changes I made are highlighted in red in the text. Sincerely, Milan Mašát Competing Interests: not Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 10 Jun 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 3 Version 2 (revision) 13 Sep 24 read read Version 1 10 Jun 24 read read Robert Morrell , University of Cape Town, Mowbray, South Africa Astrid Berner-Rodoreda , University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany E Ngestirosa Endang Woro Kasih , Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia, Lampung, Indonesia Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Kasih E. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 04 Apr 2025 | for Version 2 E Ngestirosa Endang Woro Kasih , Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia, Lampung, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2025 Kasih E. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The article "Édouard Louis’s novel The End of Eddy: A Representation of Hegemonic Masculinity?" explores the portrayal of masculinity, sexuality, and socio-cultural norms in Louis’s novel through narrative content analysis. The study examines how hegemonic masculinity—dominant, traditional male roles—shapes the protagonist Eddy’s self-awareness and eventual identification with the LGBTQ community. The novel highlights the rigid expectations placed on men in a working-class French village and how deviations from these norms lead to social punishment. The article argues that while hegemonic masculinity is strongly represented in the novel, it also acts as a catalyst for Eddy’s realization of his sexual identity, leading to his conscious embrace of his difference. The study further discusses the intersection of masculinity with homo nationalism, though this aspect remains a secondary theme in the novel. Is the work clearly and accurately presented, and does it cite the current literature? Partly – The article is well-structured and references relevant literature on hegemonic masculinity, gender norms, and homonationalism. However, some parts of the analysis are complex and could be more clearly articulated, particularly in linking theoretical frameworks directly to textual evidence from the novel. ​​​Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes – The use of narrative content analysis is appropriate for examining themes of masculinity in literature. The theoretical background is well-established, and the study aligns with established research methodologies. Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly – While the study provides a general overview of its approach, more specific details about how the narrative content analysis was conducted (e.g., coding process, selection criteria for themes) would improve replicability. If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable – The study is qualitative and does not involve statistical analysis. Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No source data required – Since the study is based on literary analysis rather than empirical data collection, raw data is not necessary for reproducibility. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly – The conclusions effectively summarize the key findings, particularly in discussing the role of hegemonic masculinity in shaping Eddy’s identity. However, the argument about homo nationalism could be further substantiated with more direct textual evidence from the novel to avoid speculation. The article is well-researched and cites relevant literature , including Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity and its revisions. However, some parts of the argument could be more clearly articulated , particularly in connecting theoretical frameworks directly to textual evidence. The study design is appropriate , using narrative content analysis, but the methodology could be explained in greater detail to improve replicability —for instance, specifying how themes were identified in the text. The conclusions are largely supported by the analysis , though the discussion of homo nationalism would benefit from stronger textual evidence. Since the study is qualitative, no statistical analysis is required , and source data is not necessary for reproducibility . Overall, the article presents a compelling exploration of masculinity in The End of Eddy , though greater clarity in methodology and argumentation would enhance its impact. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No source data required Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise My research focuses on American literature and minority literature, including works by women, children, and various indigenous tribes. Additionally, I explore literary theories such as deconstruction, popular literature, and other relevant theoretical frameworks. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Kasih ENEW. Peer Review Report For: Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171805.r370371) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v2#referee-response-370371 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Morrell R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 18 Sep 2024 | for Version 2 Robert Morrell , Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, Mowbray, Western Cape, South Africa 0 Views copyright © 2024 Morrell R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions I am happy for it to be indexed without further revision. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Gender, Masculinities, Violence, Fatherhood, Schooling, HIV interventions, Southern Theory, University staff development, Southern African History I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Morrell R. Peer Review Report For: Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171805.r323379) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v2#referee-response-323379 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Berner-Rodoreda A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 10 Sep 2024 | for Version 1 Astrid Berner-Rodoreda , Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany 0 Views copyright © 2024 Berner-Rodoreda A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions REVIEW The author asks the interesting question whether the autobiographical novel by Edouard Louis is a representation of hegemonic masculinity. The question requires a critical engagement with Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity and an analysis of the novel in this regard. While this paper provides some interesting thoughts, it is perhaps a bit too brief to delve into the concept of hegemonic masculinities vis-à-vis the novel in sufficient depth and detail. Introduction In the first paragraph, it remains unclear if the author is interested in analysing Louis’ book or Bourdeau’s interpretation of it. The “it” in the second last sentence has no clear reference. The paragraphs on hegemonic masculinity could have gone into slightly more detail on the concept and the various critiques of it. Hegemonic masculinity has played an overarching role in masculinity studies of various academic disciplines over a number of decades and allowed scholars to analyse the dynamics of a given society in upholding and reinforcing certain aspects of masculinity as the “most honoured way of being a man” [ 1 ]. However, the concept has also been critiqued for gender stereotyping [ 2 ], for being vague in referring to social practice, a masculine ideal or both [ 3 ], [ 4 ] and for encompassing a plurality of contradictory ideals [ 5 ]. For the concept of cultural repertoires, I would recommend to add the following references [ 4 ], [ 6 ] . The author brings in a second concept in the introduction, that of homonationalism. The rationale for utilizing this concept in analysing Louis’ book does not become altogether clear as the story of Eddie is a rather localized story of the author’s experience of growing up, struggling and eventually embracing his sexual orientation in a close-knit village. Villagers seemed to largely endorse and uphold concepts of men as strong, working-class, main income-earners, heterosexually virile, alcohol-drinking with a certain acceptance of violence (yet tolerance towards violent men seemed to differ considerably in the community). The book does not speak about France or French society as such - to interpret the book through the concept of homonationalism seems therefore a little far-fetched to me. There was little in the book to suggest any embracing of nationalist ideas by the LGBTQ+ community (which does not figure in the book as a community). The book alludes to more tolerance towards different sexual orientations at the high school/boarding school in Amiens. The fear of strangers (e.g., people of colour) was mentioned from the father’s perspective, not from an LGBTQ+ perspective. The reason for using this concept for analysing the book remains obscure to me. Methods Perhaps the author could reference the “narrative content analysis” method - the reference provided refers to a content analysis (counting themes) in a narrative review. I would recommend to explain what a “narrative content analysis” entails and what themes were counted. My impression is that a narrative analysis rather than a content analysis was employed. The first sentence sounds a bit odd – who is the “you”? Results I would guard against sweeping statements, such as “The protagonist (the author) grows up in a northern French village based purely on patriarchy” or “Any deviation from these a priori planned and predetermined life paths is punished and punished by the entire village community”. This, to me, goes beyond what we can gather from the book. In fact, the book is more nuanced. Some mothers congratulate Eddy’s mother for bringing up such a nice boy. This section could be improved by providing more nuance. I would also reconsider where to apply the term “contradiction” – is a homosexual boy growing up in a conservative village environment a “contradiction”? Is perhaps not rather the behaviour of people in the village (family and friends, school-mates) contradictory - on the one hand upholding heterosexual norms, yet also engaging in homosexual acts (friends); bullying and beating Eddy, but also acknowledging and celebrating his performing talents (school mates); the father threatening Eddy to never practise homosexuality again, yet protecting Eddy from his elder brother who wants to kill Eddy; the father letting himself be beaten up by his older son so that Eddy will survive; both parents enabling him to pursue secondary education with a baccalauréat when none of their other children seem to be given the same opportunity (parents). In the French version of Louis’ book, he did not go to Paris but to a secondary school in Amiens, a town in Northern France. Not a lot of detail is provided about this time – I feel the second paragraph in the results section is a bit of an over-interpretation of these pages. The next paragraph brings out the contrast between the expectations towards men and women quite well. Here one could have delved a bit deeper into the analysis of a hierarchy of masculinities and femininities. Again, adding nuances and seeing where the book fits neatly into the hegemonic masculinity framework and where there is tension might add more to our understanding. The mother could work until she earned more than her husband, then she was told to quit her job; yet in other families, the mother was a teacher or a single mother – the degree to which women could make their own decisions thus seemed to vary across the village and according to their socio-economic situation. Eddy’s girlfriend Laura had a bad reputation in the village and was called a “pute” or “salope” (whore/slut) which emphasizes the point the author makes about different societal expectations towards the sexual behaviour of men and women. At the same time, going out with her increased Eddy’s respect by his male cousin – Eddy describes it as a form of admiration which motivates him to keep going with this relationship. In terms of masculinities, we see Eddy’s father being strictly against homosexuality and making right wing political statements in that regard but he protects a homosexual man when the mob turned against this man. Eddy’s father also never laid hands on his wife or children and would rather accept to be beaten up by his son than to retaliate, yet would often beat other men if they seemed interested in his wife. The father became unemployed, yet was able to still maintain the drinking habits with his friends who seemed to provide the alcohol for him. There seem to be many layers of masculinity that could be explored in more depth in the novel. Discussion My recommendation would be to discuss the extent to which the hegemonic masculinity framework is upheld through the novel – where do we see hegemonic, subordinate, marginalized masculinities – how are femininities portrayed? I fail to see what this novel has to do with homonationalism – where in this story is there a favourable association between the LGBTQ+ community and nationalist ideology? Eddy himself takes on his father’s fear of people of colour when he goes to Amiens – this is the only point that might be interpreted as homonationalism in my opinion, and this would be on rather thin grounds. I also do not understand the sentence: “Homonationalism is portrayal of heteronomous masculinity is put in the context of village cultural norms that are - metaphorically speaking - passed down from generation to generation and whose disruption is unforgivable”. Another sentence also needs rewriting: “their other social role is to procreate the events to which they can transmit the norms anchored in the village and punish them at their discretion for their violation”. Conclusion The link of this novel to homonationalism remains obscure. I would drop this concept altogether and summarize here where the hegemonic framework is helpful and where the story may not support the framework. I think this would help the reader gain a deeper understanding of the complexity of masculinities and femininities in this autobiographical novel. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly References 1. Connell R, Messerschmidt J: Hegemonic Masculinity. Gender & Society . 2005; 19 (6): 829-859 Publisher Full Text 2. Collier R: Masculinities, Crime and Criminology. Sage . 1998. Reference Source 3. Beasley C: Rethinking Hegemonic Masculinity in a Globalizing World. Men and Masculinities . 2008; 11 (1): 86-103 Publisher Full Text 4. Hirsch D, Kachtan D: Is “Hegemonic Masculinity” Hegemonicas Masculinity? Two Israeli Case Studies. Men and Masculinities . 2018; 21 (5): 687-708 Publisher Full Text 5. Berner-Rodoreda A, Vandormael A, Bärnighausen K, Mavuso M, et al.: Cultural Repertoires and Situated Selections as an Alternative Framework to Hegemonic Masculinities: Findings From Eswatini. Am J Mens Health . 2023; 17 (1): 15579883231152110 PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 6. Swidler A: Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies. American Sociological Review . 1986; 51 (2). Publisher Full Text Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise masculinity; stigma; qualitative research methods; policy; Global Health; HIV interventions; COVID-19 I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 23 Nov 2024 Milan Mašát, The Department of Czech Language and Literature, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, 77140, Czech Republic Dear Astrid Berner-Rodoreda, Thank you very much for the very stimulating comments on my article, which I tried to incorporate into the text(even taking into account the second review). All the changes I made are highlighted in red in the text. Sincerely, Milan Mašát View more View less Competing Interests no reply Respond Report a concern Berner-Rodoreda A. Peer Review Report For: Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.166539.r311523) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v1#referee-response-311523 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Morrell R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 02 Aug 2024 | for Version 1 Robert Morrell , Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, Mowbray, Western Cape, South Africa 0 Views copyright © 2024 Morrell R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This is an interesting, sophisticated but somewhat dense paper with a very specific focus explained as “Bourdeau’s (2020) observation that Louis’s book explores working class politics, sexuality, and masculinity”. It seeks to use the concept, hegemonic masculinity, developed by Connell (and later debated and refined over decades) to analyse the gendered representation of masculinity by asking (in the title) the question: “A representation of hegemonic masculinity?” I wonder whether this was a helpful framing because, as my notes below indicate, I think this question encourages a binaried approach which in the end produces a static analysis where it would have been possible, drawing on other concepts in Connell’s masculinities conceptual toolkit, to offer a more nuanced analysis. In my notes below, I provide examples to support my conclusion but also note stylistic infelicities which, if addressed, would make the paper easier for readers. Methods: “ We analysed the amendment through narrative content analysis,” Comment : It is not clear what ‘amendment’ refers to. Needs clarification. Introduction “ Hegemonic masculinity refers to the dominant forms of masculinity that shape social norms and expectations. These masculinities are often associated with power, control and traditional gender roles and influence men’s behaviour and perceptions in different contexts.” Comment: Although the author follows this definition with a review of a literature on hegemonic masculinity, my sense is that this initial offering is too bland and doesn’t do justice to the contested nature of the concept. The author uses hegemonic masculinity as an equivalent for dominant masculinity and indeed other authors adopt this approach as well. But in fact Connell explicitly distinguishes hegemony from dominance with the emphasis in the case, following Gramsci, of hegemony on agreement/consent rather than force (which is associated with dominance). [ ref1 ]; [ ref 2 ]; [ ref 3 ]. But I have to concede that the concept is widely used and remains useful in analysis and authors have to take some theoretical risks when they use it. Hegemonic masculinities in literature Comment : This section fixes the content of masculinity as oppressive which is not in line with the contested nature of hegemonic masculinity. In other words, the author is assuming a fixed content of hegemonic masculinity rather than allowing a more fluid use of the concept where the content and form of hegemonic masculinity are contested and dynamic. “Overall, literature reflects and reinforces the cultural norms and power structures associated with hegemonic masculinities, shaping societal perceptions and behaviours.” Comment : Here we see the effects of adopting a narrow definition of hegemonic masculinity. This statement effectively is reproductionist where literature (no matter its provenance, politics and so on) is simply an arrow in the quiver of hegemonic masculinity. It is difficult to see how any literature, in terms of this statement, can be counter-hegemonic or how it can be part of a process of envisioning alternative (or protest) masculinities. “non-homogemonic masculinity” This is confusing for the reader – what does this mean? It isn’t defined or explained. Methods Comment : It is not clear whether the ‘narrator’ refers to the voice of a character in the novel or actually refers to the novelist himself. This confusion is compounded in the Results section by the statement “The protagonist (the author)”. Results : “based purely on patriarchy”. Comment : The intrusion of concepts from gender studies or the social sciences is necessary but this occurs often in a static way where the content and purpose of the term is assumed which gives the impression that life is one-dimensional and uncontested. I think one can use a concept like patriarchy without reifying it and I would have thought that literature would be an ideal place for such nuanced attention. The description of Eddy’s life in his village is clear and well-written and the choices he makes are well contextualised. Discussion: “Homonationalism is portrayal of heteronomous masculinity is put in the context of village cultural norms that are - metaphorically speaking - passed down from generation to generation and whose disruption is unforgivable”. Comment : I find this a difficult sentence to follow. Conclusion : Comment : The author, having asked the question, offers an ambiguous answer. Yes and No. I am not sure that this enhances our understanding of the gendered significance of this novel. Would it not have been better to embrace the other elements of Connell’s masculinities framework – subordinate, complicit and protest/alternative masculinities to show how these are present in the novel? This would also have allowed the author to evade what appears to be a binaried treatment of masculinity – either hegemonic or not hegemonic. My concerns at the outset were that the key concepts have been rendered in static ways and I think that the conclusion reflects this limitation. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No source data required Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly References 1. Coles T: Negotiating the Field of Masculinity. Men and Masculinities . 2009; 12 (1): 30-44 Publisher Full Text 2. Messerschmidt J: Engendering Gendered Knowledge. Men and Masculinities . 2012; 15 (1): 56-76 Publisher Full Text 3. Messerschmidt J: The Salience of “Hegemonic Masculinity”. Men and Masculinities . 2019; 22 (1): 85-91 Publisher Full Text Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Gender, Masculinities, Violence, Fatherhood, Schooling, HIV interventions, Southern Theory, University staff development, Southern African History I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 13 Sep 2024 Milan Mašát, The Department of Czech Language and Literature, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, 77140, Czech Republic Dear Robert Morrell, thank you very much for the very stimulating comments on my article, which I tried to incorporate into the text (even taking into account the second review). All the changes I made are highlighted in red in the text. Sincerely, Milan Mašát View more View less Competing Interests not reply Respond Report a concern Morrell R. Peer Review Report For: Édouard Louis´s novel The End of Eddy: A representation of hegemonic masculinity? [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :612 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.166539.r295721) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v1#referee-response-295721 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Stay Updated Sign up for content alerts and receive a weekly or monthly email with all newly published articles Register with F1000Research Already registered? Sign in Not now, thanks close PLEASE NOTE If you are an AUTHOR of this article, please check that you signed in with the account associated with this article otherwise we cannot automatically identify your role as an author and your comment will be labelled as a “User Comment”. If you are a REVIEWER of this article, please check that you have signed in with the account associated with this article and then go to your account to submit your report, please do not post your review here. If you do not have access to your original account, please contact us . All commenters must hold a formal affiliation as per our Policies . The information that you give us will be displayed next to your comment. User comments must be in English, comprehensible and relevant to the article under discussion. We reserve the right to remove any comments that we consider to be inappropriate, offensive or otherwise in breach of the User Comment Terms and Conditions . Commenters must not use a comment for personal attacks. When criticisms of the article are based on unpublished data, the data should be made available. I accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions Please confirm that you accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions. Affiliation ✕ refresh Please enter your institution. Note: To add your institution or organisation, start typing the name and then select the correct name from the list. Where applicable, the name will appear in both the original language and in English. Do not paste in the name. If the name does not appear in the drop-down list, we will display the information you have entered. ✕ refresh Country/Region * USA UK Canada China France Germany Afghanistan Aland Islands Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City State) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kosovo (Serbia and Montenegro) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Minor Outlying Islands of the United States Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island North Korea North Macedonia Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and the South Sandwich Is South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The Gambia The Netherlands Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu UK USA Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Virgin Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Wallis and Futuna West Bank and Gaza Strip Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Please select your country/region. You must enter a comment. Competing Interests Please disclose any competing interests that might be construed to influence your judgment of the article's or peer review report's validity or importance. Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Please state your competing interests The comment has been saved. An error has occurred. Please try again. Cancel Post var lTitle = "\u00C9douard Louis\u00B4s novel The End of...".replace("'", ''); var linkedInUrl = "http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v2" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle) + "&summary=" + encodeURIComponent('Read the article by '); var deliciousUrl = "https://del.icio.us/post?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v2&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); var redditUrl = "http://reddit.com/submit?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v2" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); linkedInUrl += encodeURIComponent('Mašát M'); var offsetTop = /chrome/i.test( navigator.userAgent ) ? 4 : -10; var addthis_config = { ui_offset_top: offsetTop, services_compact : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_expanded : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_custom : [ { name: "LinkedIn", url: linkedInUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_linkedin.svg" }, { name: "Mendeley", url: "http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v2/mendeley", icon:"/img/icon/at_mendeley.svg" }, { name: "Reddit", url: redditUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_reddit.svg" }, ] }; var addthis_share = { url: "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612", templates : { twitter : "\u00C9douard Louis\u00B4s novel The End of Eddy: A representation.... Mašát M, published by " + "@F1000Research" + ", https://f1000research.com/articles/13-612/v2" } }; if (typeof(addthis) != "undefined"){ addthis.addEventListener('addthis.ready', checkCount); addthis.addEventListener('addthis.menu.share', checkCount); } $(".f1r-shares-twitter").attr("href", "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=" + addthis_share.templates.twitter); $(".f1r-shares-facebook").attr("href", "https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=" + addthis_share.url); $(".f1r-shares-linkedin").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[0].url); $(".f1r-shares-reddit").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[2].url); $(".f1r-shares-mendelay").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[1].url); function checkCount(){ setTimeout(function(){ $(".addthis_button_expanded").each(function(){ var count = $(this).text(); if (count !== "" && count != "0") $(this).removeClass("is-hidden"); else $(this).addClass("is-hidden"); }); }, 1000); } close How to cite this report {{reportCitation}} Cancel Copy Citation Details $(function(){R.ui.buttonDropdowns('.dropdown-for-downloads');}); $(function(){R.ui.toolbarDropdowns('.toolbar-dropdown-for-downloads');}); $.get("/articles/acj/151852/171805") new F1000.Clipboard(); new F1000.ThesaurusTermsDisplay("articles", "article", "171805"); $(document).ready(function() { $( "#frame1" ).on('load', function() { var mydiv = $(this).contents().find("div"); var h = mydiv.height(); console.log(h) }); var tooltipLivingFigure = jQuery(".interactive-living-figure-label .icon-more-info"), titleLivingFigure = tooltipLivingFigure.attr("title"); tooltipLivingFigure.simpletip({ fixed: true, position: ["-115", "30"], baseClass: 'small-tooltip', content:titleLivingFigure + " " }); tooltipLivingFigure.removeAttr("title"); $("body").on("click", ".cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var ref = $(this).attr("data-ref"); $(this).closest(".living-figure-list-container").find("#" + ref).fadeIn(200); }); $("body").on("click", ".close-cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).closest(".popup-window-wrapper").fadeOut(200); }); $(document).on("mouseup", function(e) { var metricsContainer = $(".article-metrics-popover-wrapper"); if (!metricsContainer.is(e.target) && metricsContainer.has(e.target).length === 0) { $(".article-metrics-close-button").click(); } }); var articleId = $('#articleId').val(); if($("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics) { $("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics(articleId, { articleMetricsView: true }); } }); var figshareWidget = $(".new_figshare_widget"); if (figshareWidget.length > 0) { window.figshare.load("f1000", function(Widget) { // Select a tag/tags defined in your page. In this tag we will place the widget. _.map(figshareWidget, function(el){ var widget = new Widget({ articleId: $(el).attr("figshare_articleId") //height:300 // this is the height of the viewer part. [Default: 550] }); widget.initialize(); // initialize the widget widget.mount(el); // mount it in a tag that's on your page // this will save the widget on the global scope for later use from // your JS scripts. This line is optional. //window.widget = widget; }); }); } close Error Close Add Reset F1000.MICROSERVICES.AFFILIATION = ''; $(document).ready(function () { $('.js-affiliations-form').each((index, form) => { new AffiliationForm({ formId: form.id, institutionErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-institution', departmentErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-department', placeSelector: '.js-add-comment-place', stateSelector: '.js-add-comment-state', zipCodeSelector: '.js-add-comment-zipcode', countrySelector: '.js-add-comment-country', countryErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-country', }); }); }); $(document).ready(function () { var reportIds = { "344341": 0, "344340": 0, "344337": 0, "344339": 0, "344338": 0, "295705": 0, "295716": 0, "295717": 0, "295718": 0, "295719": 0, "295724": 0, "295725": 0, "295720": 0, "295721": 24, "295722": 0, "295723": 0, "323380": 0, "323379": 9, "360781": 0, "291149": 0, "360780": 0, "291150": 0, "360783": 0, "291151": 0, "360782": 0, "360777": 0, "360776": 0, "360779": 0, "360778": 0, "291156": 0, "291157": 0, "291158": 0, "291152": 0, "360785": 0, "291153": 0, "360784": 0, "291154": 0, "291155": 0, "305504": 0, "305505": 0, "305506": 0, "305507": 0, "317298": 0, "317299": 0, "300164": 0, "300165": 0, "300166": 0, "317318": 0, "300167": 0, "300160": 0, "300161": 0, "300162": 0, "300163": 0, "300168": 0, "300169": 0, "317321": 0, "347549": 0, "347548": 0, "347551": 0, "347550": 0, "347557": 0, "347556": 0, "347553": 0, "347552": 0, "347555": 0, "347554": 0, "357565": 0, "357567": 0, "357566": 0, "370373": 0, "357572": 0, "370372": 0, "370375": 0, "370374": 0, "357569": 0, "357568": 0, "357571": 0, "370371": 12, "357570": 0, "370370": 0, "354253": 0, "354252": 0, "354255": 0, "354254": 0, "370377": 0, "370376": 0, "354251": 0, "370379": 0, "354250": 0, "370378": 0, "311516": 0, "311517": 0, "311518": 0, "311519": 0, "311514": 0, "311515": 0, "311520": 0, "311521": 0, "311522": 0, "311523": 16, }; $(".referee-response-container,.js-referee-report").each(function(index, el) { var reportId = $(el).attr("data-reportid"), reportCount = reportIds[reportId] || 0; $(el).find(".comments-count-container,.js-referee-report-views").html(reportCount); }); var uuidInput = $("#article_uuid"), oldUUId = uuidInput.val(), newUUId = "ecca1d1b-7a1e-4a4b-9327-27496cb87b89"; uuidInput.val(newUUId); $("a[href*='article_uuid=']").each(function(index, el) { var newHref = $(el).attr("href").replace(oldUUId, newUUId); $(el).attr("href", newHref); }); }); An innovative open access publishing platform offering rapid publication and open peer review, whilst supporting data deposition and sharing. Browse Gateways Collections How it Works Contact For Developers Cookie Notice Privacy Notice RSS Submit Your Research Follow us © 2012-2026 F1000 Research Ltd. ISSN 2046-1402 | Legal | Partner of Research4Life • CrossRef • ORCID • FAIRSharing R.templateTests.simpleTemplate = R.template(' $text $text $text $text $text '); R.templateTests.runTests(); var F1000platform = new F1000.Platform({ name: "f1000research", displayName: "F1000Research", hostName: "f1000research.com", id: "1", editorialEmail: "[email protected]", infoEmail: "[email protected]", usePmcStats: true }); $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-authors, .dropdown-for-about, .dropdown-for-myresearch');}); // $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-referees');}); $(document).ready(function () { if ($(".cookie-warning").is(":visible")) { $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "35px"); $(".devices").addClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); } $(".cookie-warning .close-button").click(function (e) { $(".devices").removeClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "0"); }); $("#tweeter-feed .tweet-message").each(function (i, message) { var self = $(message); self.html(linkify(self.html())); }); $(".partner").on("mouseenter mouseleave", function() { $(this).find(".gray-scale, .colour").toggleClass("is-hidden"); }); }); Sign In Remember me Forgotten your password? Sign In Cancel Email or password not correct. Please try again Please wait... $(function(){ // Note: All the setup needs to run against a name attribute and *not* the id due the clonish // nature of facebox... $("a[id=googleSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("GOOGLE"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=facebookSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("FACEBOOK"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=orcidSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("ORCID"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); }); If you've forgotten your password, please enter your email address below and we'll send you instructions on how to reset your password. The email address should be the one you originally registered with F1000. Email address not valid, please try again You registered with F1000 via Google, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Google account password, please click here . You registered with F1000 via Facebook, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Facebook account password, please click here . Code not correct, please try again Reset password Cancel Email us for further assistance. Server error, please try again. If your email address is registered with us, we will email you instructions to reset your password. If you think you should have received this email but it has not arrived, please check your spam filters and/or contact for further assistance. Please wait... Register $(document).ready(function () { signIn.createSignInAsRow($("#sign-in-form-gfb-popup")); $(".target-field").each(function () { var uris = $(this).val().split("/"); if (uris.pop() === "login") { $(this).val(uris.toString().replace(",","/")); } }); });