Quantification and localization of a surface crack in a thick aluminum plate using Rayleigh waves electromagnetic acoustic transducers

Quantification and localization of a surface crack in a thick aluminum plate using Rayleigh waves electromagnetic acoustic transducers | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Quantification and localization of a surface crack in a thick aluminum plate using Rayleigh waves electromagnetic acoustic transducers Mubarak Ahmad This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5292029/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Surface cracks are measured and analyzed in different materials, structures, or some of its components to determine its severity, rate of growth, and potential impact on integrity. In different research materials, structural health monitoring, and civil engineering like areas, the evaluation of cracks is very critical. To accurately quantify the depth of surface crack using conventional nondestructive testing techniques it is very challenging. The current work includes the development of a novel Velocity-Time (V-T) graph approach that uses Rayleigh wave to quantitatively evaluate the depth and localization of surface-breaking cracks. Structure of aluminum alloy with slots of various depths was studied both experimentally and numerically. To investigate the interaction between surface breaking cracks of varying depths and Rayleigh surface waves generated by a point Rayleigh wave EMAT, a two-dimensional (2D) numerical model based on the finite element approach was developed. Rayleigh waves are utilized to quantify the depth of surface cracks in a metallic structure based on proposed approach. This method makes use of Rayleigh waves that are directly related between a fixed transmitter and a uniformly moveable receiver. A pair of similar electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) operating in a pitch-catch mode were employed to generate, propagate and receive Rayleigh waves at the surface of the structure. An analytical expression for the evaluation of crack depth has presented. The experimental results has showed that this time-of-flight method can be utilized to properly measure the depth of crack and agreed well with the numerical simulation. This study has provided a feasible idea to analyze thick plates using Rayleigh wave EMATs to quantitatively estimate the depth of surface-breaking cracks. Results have showed that this novel approach has significantly amplified the accuracy of surface crack localization and quantification (with a maximum error of 6.7%). Velocity-time graph Finite element method EMAT Crack depth Rayleigh waves Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5292029","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":368473936,"identity":"ac2d00d2-68b9-4a75-9682-cb00d088911a","order_by":0,"name":"Mubarak Ahmad","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHhCRwMAgAWJXMDAYkKjlDMlaeNuI0KI7I/fg54qaNAb+2d2JH97OOyxvzt58gOFHxTacWsxu5CVLnjmWwyBx5+xmybnbDhvu7DmWwNhz5jYeLTkGkg1sQG/fyN0gzbvtMOMGoAgzYxteLcY/G/5VMMjfyN38m3fOYXtitJhJNrblMBjcyN0mzdtwOJGwljPv0iwb+9J4DIFaLOccS0/ecOZYwkG8fjmee/hmw7dkOTmgw268qbG23XC8+eCDHxW4tcAAD5RuBpMHCKpHAnWkKB4Fo2AUjIIRAgCu2F+DW9dGBQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"wuxi university","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mubarak","middleName":"","lastName":"Ahmad","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-19 01:38:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5292029/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5292029/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":68214195,"identity":"6141cd4a-594b-4ae0-95a6-ee27e62884cb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-04 18:46:45","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":783067,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript2.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5292029/v1_covered_1b0d8479-4028-4845-8548-e9d7f1618a85.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eQuantification and localization of a surface crack in a thick aluminum plate using Rayleigh waves electromagnetic acoustic transducers \u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Velocity-time graph, Finite element method, EMAT, Crack depth, Rayleigh waves","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5292029/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5292029/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eSurface cracks are measured and analyzed in different materials, structures, or some of its components to determine its severity, rate of growth, and potential impact on integrity. 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