Genetic modified endometrial mesenchymal stem cells as a cellular therapy fo r endometriosis

Objective: a review and integration of three fundamental concepts that are currently of high scientific and biomedical interest is proposed: endometriosis, Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cells (enMSC) and their genetic modification to be used as cell therapy in this pathology.Methods: the study methodology involved a systematic review of the most relevant scientific literature available in leading biomedical databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on the therapeutic applications and biological properties of genetically modified enMSCs in endometriosis treatment.Results: endometriosis is a chronic, benign gynecological disease characterized by the ectopic formation of endometrial stroma and glands, mainly in the pelvic peritoneum.It affects between 6-15% of women in reproductive age with important consequences on their physical, reproductive and mental health.It has been established an important participation of enMSCs within its causes, which is why they are becoming a significant therapeutic target.It has been reported multiple characteristics that support enMSCs as the optimal model for their use in cell therapy (Table 1): defined characterization, migration capacity and co-location in the lesion, paracrine and juxtacrine action, immunomodulatory action, modulator action of angiogenesis and apoptosis, low tumorigenicity, transdifferentiation capacity, among others, and the specific use of menstrual blood stem cells is proposed because their easy obtention, characterization and cell culture.Conclusion: it has been described that these stem cells have a dynamic and dual behavior, they may contribute both to the formation of a lesion and to its modulation, for which, a better understanding of their activity is proposed before their direct use and, to mitigate this dynamic cellular behavior, it is proposed that a cell therapy uses a strategy of genetic modification of cells for the expression of relevant factors to treat endometriotic lesions with an antiproliferative and immunomodulatory action.Finally, it is recommended to continue with further research in the knowledge and understanding of these fundamental concepts and their possible use in cell therapy.