An Enquiry-Based Decision-Making Framework (EBDMF) for Nursing Leaders: A Structured Approach to Ethical and Professional Accountability

Background: Nursing leaders regularly face complex situations that require rapid yet defensible decisions. Traditional decision-making models often lack an intuitive or policy-driven approach that can leave leaders vulnerable to accusations of maladministration or abuse of power. Aim: This paper proposes an Enquiry-Based Decision-Making Framework grounded in four sequential questions derived from administrative law and professional ethics. Methods: : An integrative review of literature (2005–2025) on nursing leadership decision-making, administrative justice, and ethical frameworks was combined with conceptual analysis of the “Enquiry Process” (a–d). Results: : The resulting framework consists of four interconnected phases: (a) establishing the facts, (b) determining the normative standard, (c) identifying and classifying any discrepancy, and (d) deciding proportionate remedial or disciplinary action. Conclusion: The Enquiry-Based Decision-Making Framework promotes transparency, fairness, and accountability while protecting both patients and staff. Implications for nursing management: The framework can be embedded in clinical governance structures, leadership development programmes, and incident reporting systems.