Characteristics and Perioperative Outcomes of Fracture in Elderly patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Purpose The purpose is to observe the characteristics and perioperative outcomes of fracture in elderly adults with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods We searched elderly patients (≥ 65 years) with CHF who developed fracture from January 2017 to February 2021. The gender, age, fracture types, electrocardiogram (ECG), laboratory results, comorbidities, complications, length of hospital stay and mortality of these patients were collected. Risk factors for perioperative cardiovascular disease (CVD) were identified. Results A total of 104 patients were brought into this study, including 65 female patients (62.5%) and 39 male patients (37.5%). The average age of these patients was 79.5 years old. In those 104 patients, 24 (23.1%) had HFrEF, 49 (47.1%) had HFmrEF, and 31 had HFpEF (29.8%). More than half of the patients had three or more comorbidities, and coronary artery disease was the most common comorbidity (60.6%). The incidence of perioperative CVD and non-cardiac complications was 59.6% and 95.1%, respectively. The mean length of hospital stay was 11.0 (7.0–19.0) days. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4.8%, and 1-year mortality rate was 19.2%. Arrhythmia (40%) was the most common perioperative CVD, and hypoalbuminemia (69.2%) was the most common non-cardiac complication. Multivariate analyses showed that age ≥ 80 years, comorbidities ≥ 3 and hip fracture were associated with increased rates of perioperative CVD. Conclusion Our results revealed elderly CHF patients with more comorbidities are prone to perioperative CVD after fracture, more comprehensive prevention and integrated management approaches will be required for these patients.