Game on, Pathogens: Operationalizing HCID Preparedness Lessons for the 2026 FIFA World Cup

The 2026 FIFA World Cup, will draw massive international crowds and present unique public health challenges. High Consequence Infectious Diseases (HCIDs) – (e.g., Ebola Virus Disease) diseases with high mortality or outbreak potential – are of particular concern. Previous international sporting events show that while common travel-related illnesses (e.g., gastrointestinal infections or respiratory viruses) are more likely, the potential widespread disruption from an HCID requires vigilant preparedness. Past encounters with Ebola, COVID-19, and mpox underscore vulnerabilities, highlighting the importance of a robust HCID preparedness infrastructure. This paper distills lessons learned from two recent planning exercises both simulating an HCID outbreak during the World Cup. We provide an analysis of the HCID outbreak risks in the context of World Cup mass gatherings and NY/NJ’s specific risk profile. Finally, we offer detailed recommendations for local healthcare systems and public health to mitigate the threat of HCIDs during the 2026 FIFA World Cup.