Endometriosis and Ovarian Cancer: Should we be worried? Five Cases Report and Literature Review

José Silva Pereira, Mónica Nave, Marta Magro
In: Gazeta Médica · 2023 · pp. 304–314 · doi:10.29315/gm.v1i1.722 · W4390395946
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This paper presents five cases of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer and reviews the literature to highlight the disease's role as a precursor lesion and the importance of identifying at-risk patients.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

The paper reviews the concept that endometriosis can serve as a precursor lesion for certain endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (EAOC) and presents five EAOC case reports drawn from recent clinical practice. It frames the discussion around how advances such as whole genome sequencing have begun to clarify genetic and epigenetic backgrounds relevant to endometriosis-associated malignancy, while focusing on the need to identify predictive factors and improve clinician–patient risk communication. A major limitation is that it is based on only five cases plus a literature review rather than a larger analytic study designed to estimate risk. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it focuses on endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer through five case reports and a literature review.

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Abstract

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the presence of extra-uterine endometrial tissue that affects women of reproductive age. Although the etiology remains not totally elucidated, recent advances in molecular technology, especially the ability for whole genome sequencing, have gradually revealed both genetic and epigenetic backgrounds for the development of the disease. Endometriosis has been recognized as a precursor lesion for certain types of ovarian cancer (endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers - EAOC) and the knowledge of this malignant potential is of paramount importance to seek for predictive factors and to select patients at risk. We report five different EAOC cases in our recent clinical practice, in order to draw attention to this issue through a literature review, and to provide clinicians with tools to communicate accurately and effectively with patients with endometriosis about their risk of ovarian cancer.

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endometriosis

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