Quality characteristics and thermal behavior diversity of traditional crude shea (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn) butter from Burkina Faso

Quality characteristics and thermal behavior diversity of traditional crude shea (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn) butter from Burkina Faso | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Quality characteristics and thermal behavior diversity of traditional crude shea (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn) butter from Burkina Faso Bertrand W. F. Goumbri, Roland Marini Djang’eing’a, Rasmané Semdé, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4018621/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The aim of this study was to establish a comparative analysis of the physicochemical and the thermal behavior (solid fat content (SFC) by p-NMR , and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of shea butter (SB) from Burkina Faso, related to different traditional extraction processes. Thirty-seven samples obtained from different localities were collected from local producers and analyzed for chemical indexes, unsaponifiable matter content (UMC), color, yellow index, fatty acids (FA) profile, and thermal behavior. Results showed that stearic acid and oleic acid were the most important FA but varied from 47.2 ± 0.2 to 51.0 ± 0.1%, respectively. Chemical quality variations among the 37 samples were observed: UMC (3.0 ± 1.0 to 12.0 ± 0.1%), peroxide value (4.6 ± 0.1 to 44.5 ± 0.2 meqO2/kg), iodine value by GC (50.5 to 64.2 g/100g), free fatty acids (1.1 ± 0.1 to 9.7 ± 0.1%). Statistically significant relationships were observed between thermal properties and chemical parameters. The results were subjected to clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that a great diversity exists among crude shea butter samples from Burkina Faso which is due to both regional variation and difference in extraction processes. A standardization of the process could help to improve the quality. Shea butter Extraction process Solid fat content Differential scanning calorimetry Chemical quality Burkina Faso Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 1. Introduction Shea ( Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn ) is a tree that grows naturally throughout Sahelo-Sahelian band particularly in areas called “shea belt” that include Burkina Faso, unlike the V. paradoxa nilotica subspecies which is present in East Africa (Nahm et al. 2013). The shea belt consists of sixteen African countries, the main producers are Nigeria, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana. The shea area covers 70% of the Burkina Faso (François et al. 2009) and the shea areas cover 37 of the 45 provinces with Houet (West), Ioba (South-West), Nahouri (South-Central), Kadiogo (Central), and Sissili (Mid-West), representing high shea nuts potential (Badini et al. 2011). Shea kernels are used to extract shea butter (SB). The extraction of SB in Africa, is not standardized yet, and it is usually done manually or semi-mechanized (Goumbri et al. 2021). According to Nahm et al. (2013), SB extraction is done from shea nut collected mostly by African women and they described three methods: West African boiling, West African oven, and East African raw methods. Three major traditional butter processing have been described by Saussey (2011): cooking, churning, and the "quality" technique; the latter differs from the others by kernels washing and sorting before processing, double cooking, and crude butter filtering. The qualitative and quantitative composition of SB are related to its origin, the genetic variation, the climatic factors and well as the seasonal variations and extraction processing (Badu and Awudza 2017; Gezahegn et al. 2016; Jatto et al. 2010a; Nahm et al. 2013). Pretreatments factors, such as kernel crushing, nuts, kernels heating temperature and duration are factors with having great impact on butter quality (Bup et al. 2011; Honfo et al. 2013; Maranz and Wiesman 2004). Shea butter has been traditionally used in Africa for many centuries as a source of green energy, in food, body care as well in traditional pharmacopoeia (Saussey 2011). Nowadays, in food sector, SB is used to produce cocoa butter equivalent (CBE) (Jatto et al. 2010b). For the cosmetic industry the great interest of SB is due to its particular high unsaponifiable matter content (UMC) made of triterpenic alcohols, kariten, sterol, tocopherol, phenols, etc…, and its possible absorption of UV-A and UV-B radiations (Addaquay 2004; Mbaiguinam et al. 2007; Megnanou et al. 2014; Peter Lovett 2004; Peter Lovett et al. 2006). Another interesting property is the antioxidant activity due mostly to phenolic compounds and tocopherols mainly in the unsaponifiable fraction (Alvarez and Rodríguez 2000; Morin and Pagès-Xatart-Parès 2012; Nahm et al. 2013). Shea butter as other vegetable fats is mainly made of triacylglycerols (TAG) 77.7–92.4%, but the amount of diacylglycerols (DAG) can be quite high 7.6–22.6% (Stübiger et al. 2015). According to Davrieux et al. (2010), the fatty acids (FA) profile from West African butter was different of those from East Africa butter, respectively with stearic acid (C18:0) values of 40.91% and 29.72%. The high stearic acid content is one of the factors responsible for shea butter's hard consistency, while the oleic acid (C18:1) is responsible for the semi-solid consistency (Maranz and Wiesman 2004; Vincenzo et al. 2005). Unsaponifiable corresponds to a minor fraction of SB but at higher levels than other fats. According to a study performed in Northern Ghana, the unsaponifiable matter content (UMC) of unrefined butter is not related to the extraction process, but to the environmental conditions and the shea trees' genetic material (Abagale et al. 2016). However, optimized SB had high UMC than marketed SB in Ivory Coast, ranged between 17.61% and 1.88% respectively (Megnanou et al. 2007). The organoleptic characteristics of crude SB from Ivory Coast, such as odor, color and consistency, have been widely reported by Megnanou et al. (2007). Yellow butter was the most common color, accounting for 67.90% of all samples, beige butter represented about 29.5% and grey butter about 2.5%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms and solid fat content (SFC) by p-NMR , are physical methods providing data of fats and oils regarding their properties, which are important for their functionality and application (Tan and Che Man 1999). The aim of this study was to establish a comparative analysis of thermal behavior determined by SFC and DSC of traditional crude shea butter from Burkina Faso, related to regional variation, physicochemical quality, and difference in extraction processes. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Biological material and chemicals Biological material Thirty-seven (37) samples of fresh crude SB were collected directly from local producers in Burkina Faso. Samples (1 kg of butter per producer) were collected in different areas of Burkina Faso with all the information regarding the extraction processes. The Fig. 1 present the provinces of the collection area (in green). Chemicals Analytical grade solvents, standards and reagents were used to perform the analyses. Isooctane and petroleum ether were from Carlo Erba (Paris, France); ethyl alcohol 95%, diethyl ether, potassium hydroxide, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide and sodium dodecyl sulfate, were purchased from VWR Prolabo Chemicals (Leuven, Belgium). Sodium thiosulfate, sodium chloride, n-heptane and standards such as Wijs solution were provided from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Boron trifluoride-methanol solution (BF3-MeOH 14%) was provided by Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland. 2.2. Methods 2.2.1. Chemical analysis Determination of chemical indexes The official methods and recommended practices of the (AOCS Official methods 2009) were applied to determine the iodine value (IV) by Wijs: AOCS Tg 1a-64; and IV by GC from FA composition: (AOCS Cd 1c-85), and peroxide value (PV) (Cd 8b-90 2009). The unsaponifiable matter content (AOCS Ca 6b 53), the specific extinction (Kλ at 232 nm and 268 nm; AOCS Ch 5–91) and the variation of the specific extinction (ΔK) were performed according to AOCS Official methods (2009). Specific extinction and the ΔK were determined using an Agilent 8453 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Victoria, USA). The acid value (AV) was determined according (IUPAC 2.201 1992) and the free fatty acid content (FFA) was calculated as oleic acid according to (AOCS Ca 5a-40). Shea butter fatty acids profile determination Gas chromatography (Agilent 6890 GC, USA), equipped with flame ionization detector (GC-FID, USA) was used to determine the FA profile. Firstly, fatty acids methyl ester (FAME; AOCS Ce2-66) was prepared following (AOCS Official methods 2009). Shea butter (100–250 mg) was diluted in 4mL of NaOH 0.5M. Then, 5mL of BF3-MeOH 14% was added through the condenser, before adding 4mL of n-heptane in mixture and boil along 1min. Afterwards, 20mL of saturated NaCl was added, and then shaken vigorously for 30 sec. Then, 1mL of the top layer solution (FAME), was collected mix to n-heptane at a final concentration 1/10, according to the optimized protocol of AOCS Ce 1–62. The GC analytical conditions were as follow: Capillary column DB-23 (60 m x 0.25 mm i.d. x 0.25 µm film thickness) - Carrier gas was nitrogen - Split flow at 86.3 mL/min - Temperatures were: 300°C for detector, 260°C for injector, and 270°C for column temperature. For FA identification, FAME Mix Supelco 37 Component, purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany) was used as standards. 2.2.2. Physical analysis Color and yellow index (YI) assessment Two forms of SB were subjected to color assessment according CIE Lab colour system (L*a*b*) using a colorimeter (Color Flex, HunterLab EZ model 45/0 LAV; Kruikebe associates laboratory, Elscolab, Belgium). At first, the raw material collected was used as such without prior treatment. Before reading, the butter was stored in a refrigerator at +/- 4°C and maintained at room temperature for approximately 30 min. Then, each sample was melted in an oven and keep at + 40°C before analysis to obtain liquid form. Sample was transferred to a glass cell, and color measurements were performed at different points of each disk according Lovibond color system L* (white to black) a* (red to green) b* (yellow to blue). Yellow index determination was optimized according to Pagliarini et al. (1990) for solid and liquid SB, and value was calculated according Eq. (1) as follow: Yellowness Index = 142,86 b/L (1) With b = color yellow to blue value; L = color white to black value Determination of solid fat content by p-NMR Shea butter SFC determination was performed according to the (IUPAC 2.150) a) non-tempered and b) tempered serial methods (IUPAC 1987) using a pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance ( p-NMR ) spectrometer (Minispec-mq20, Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany). Analyses were done in duplicate per sample and values were recorded as the mean ± SD. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) DSC analyze were performed according to the (AOCS Cj 1–94) method (AOCS Official methods 2009), using a TA DSC Q2000, (TA instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) equipped with a refrigerated cooling system. Sample was weighted between 4 and 6 mg and hermetically sealed in Tzero aluminium pan. An empty pan was used as a reference. The following characteristics were determined: fusion profile, crystallization profile, and enthalpy of fusion. Universal TA Analysis V4.5A, TA Instruments was used to integrate DSC curves. 2.2.3. Statistical analyses Data are expressed as mean with the corresponding standard deviation. Analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of extraction processes on the SB quality characteristics. Software RStudio (version 2023.06.1; Free Software Foundation, Inc) was used to performed multivariate analyzes, then principal components analysis (PCA) and clustering were used to classify crude SB according to their extraction processes, origin and physicochemical properties. The relationships between DSC thermogram and standard chemical characteristics were determined by Pearson's correlation analysis using software RStudio. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Shea butter extraction processes in Burkina Faso Shea butter extraction processes in Africa could be summarized in 6 steps (Goumbri et al. 2021): ( i ) fruits getting - ( ii ) fruits pretreatment - ( iii ) nuts pretreatment - ( iv ) kernels pretreatment - ( v ) paste treatment - and (v i ) emulsion/butter treatment. The major steps of the extraction process applied for the 37 investigated samples from Burkina Faso are shown in Table 1 which highlighted six major steps: ( a ) fruits post-harvesting and pre-treatment - ( b ) nuts pre-treatment - ( c ) kernels treatment - ( d ) paste processing - ( e ) emulsion treatment - and ( f ) end of extraction. In general, the SB production steps in Burkina Faso ( Table 1 ) are not different from those previously defined by Goumbri et al. (2021). Semi-mechanized extraction involves equipment such as solar dryer or oven dryer for nuts and kernels treatment; crusher, roaster and grinder for kernels treatment; mixer system, churning machine, solar dryer and semi-mechanical oven; mixer, cooking oven, and vacuum filter for emulsion treatment. A closed semi-mechanized system is necessary to do hot packaging of butter. Investigated samples are described in Table 2 , according to butter origin and type of extraction processes. Table 2 Distribution of shea butter samples collected in Burkina Faso based on their locality and various extraction processes N° Region Province Locality Sample Type of extraction process 2 Midwest Boulkiemdé Koumlela Boul 1 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 35 Sissili Boura Siss 1 Nuts soaking-Oven drying Process3 36 Sissili Léo Siss 2 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 34 Sanguié Réo Sang 1 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 15 South West Ioba Dano Ioba 1 Paste boiling Process2 16 Ioba 2 Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 32 Noumbiel Legmoin Noum 1 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 17 Center Kadiogo Ouagadougou Kadi 1 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 18 Kadi 2 Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 19 Kadi 3 (a) Unknow process Unknow process 20 Kadi 4 (a) Unknow process Unknow process 21 Kadi 5 (a) Unknow process Unknow process 22 Kadi 6 (a) Unknow process Unknow process 4 Cascades Comoé Banfora Como 1 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 5 Comoé Banfora Como 2 Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 6 Comoé Banfora Como 3 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 7 Comoé Noumoudara Como 4 Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 1 Center-South Bazèga Diamkité Baze 1 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 28 Nahouri Pô Naho 1 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 29 Nahouri Pô Naho 2 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 30 Nahouri Pô Naho 3 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 9 Upper-Basin Houet Bobo-Dioulasso Houe 1 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 10 Houet Bobo-Dioulasso Houe 2 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 11 Houet Péni Houe 3 Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 12 Houet Toussiana Houe 4 Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 23 Kénédougou Orodara Kene 1 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 13 Houet Bobo-Dioulasso Houe 5 (b) Paste boiling Process2 14 Houe 6 (a) Unknow process Unknow process 33 Central Plateau Oubritenga Ziniaré Oubr 1 Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 25 Center-East Koulpélogo Ouargaye Koul 1 Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 3 Boulgou Tenkodogo Boulg 1 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 26 Koulpélogo Ouargaye Koul 2 Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 37 North Yatenga Ouahigouya Yate 1 Nuts soaking-Sun drying- Paste boiling-No churning Process4 8 East Gourma Fada N'Gourma Gour 1 (b) Churning-Emulsion boiling Process1 24 Komondjari Gayéri Komo 1 Paste boiling Process2 27 Mouhoun Loop Mouhoun Massala Mouh 1 Nuts soaking-Oven drying Process3 31 Nayala Toma Naya 1 Nuts soaking-Oven drying – Paste boiling Process5 ( a ): Samples collected without knowing the type of extraction process; ( b ): semi-mechanized process. Samples numbers have been assigned in alphabetical order 3.2. Quality characteristics and fatty acids determination 3.2.1. Quality characteristics Results of the chemical characterizations of the 37 samples are shown in Table 3 . Analyzes were statistically performed at 95% confidence levels. The free fatty acids (FFA) content, calculated as oleic acid content is one of the important quality indicators. It ranged from 1.1 ± 0.1% to 9.7 ± 0.1%. Sample Yate 1 from process4 (no churning step, no double cooking of the emulsion, and no filtering of the emulsion) had the highest FFA content, unlike samples of process1 which had the lowest content. These results are similar to values reported for samples from Ghana and Benin (Honfo et al. 2014; Nahm et al. 2013). The boiling of kernels in water could lead to the breakdown of TAG responsible for the formation of FFA, and uncontrolled cooking conditions could be responsible for the high levels measured in some samples. An uncontrolled and non-standardized extraction technique could be responsible for high FFA content in some samples. By applying Wijs method, the IV obtained were ranged from 54.0 ± 0.7 to 65.5 ± 0.3 gI 2 /100g and were all within specification established by F.A.O (2017) [30–75 gI 2 /100g]. The IV is directly related to the degree of the oil unsaturation. Regarding crude SB, IV Wijs is slightly higher than IV GC , due to the presence of kariten. This latter has a significant effect on the IV content, hence the necessity to calculated it according FA composition (IV GC , shown in Table 3 ). IV GC ranged between 50.5 to 64.2 gI 2 /100g. Peroxide value ranged between 4.6 ± 0.1 to 44.5 ± 0.2 meqO 2 /kg. According to F.A.O (2017), among the 37 samples, only 10 were grade 1 b [11–15 meqO 2 /kg], and indicated for cosmetic and food uses. Samples with PV content greater than 15 meqO 2 /kg indicate poor-quality. In contrast, 9 samples were suitable for grade 1 a (content less than 10 meqO 2 /kg) and indicated for direct consumption (F.A.O 2017). These butters are also suitable for the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Samples with unknow process had the lowest value, and sample from process5 (Naya 1 ) had the highest value, followed by samples Como 4 (process1) and Mouh 1 (process3). Regarding nuts treatment, process5 is characterized by nuts sorting and washing before sun-drying followed by oven-drying. Then, kernels were oven-drying before crushing. Specific extinction Kλ at 232 nm measurement provides information about conjugated FA dienes and primary oxidation products content in the oil. The Kλ at 268 nm provided data about conjugated trienes and secondary oxidation products. The ultraviolet absorbance data provide oxidation products content in oils (Karoui et al. 2020; Omar M Almrhag and Abookleesh 2016; Symoniuk et al. 2022). Results of Kλ at 232 nm and Kλ at 268 nm ranged from 0.61 to 1.34, and 2.92 to 5.69 respectively. Regarding ΔK, these values ranged from 0.08 to 0.20. Regarding Kλ at 232 and 268 nm, and the ΔK, specifications were established regarding some fats and oils, such as olive oil and olive-pomace oil by Conseil Oléicole International (2018). However, no specification is available for SB. The UMC ranged from 3.0 ± 1.0 to 12.0%±0.1%. All samples were in the specification established by F.A.O (2017). Our results seem to corroborate those from (Abagale et al. 2016), who found UMC from 5.04 ± 0.04% to 7.89 ± 0.02% in samples from Ghana. Other tendencies were found by Megnanou and Niamke (2015) with higher UMC from beige and yellow SB, 17.6 ± 0.1% and 17.3 ± 0.1%, respectively. Unsaponifiable matter content does not dependent on extraction processing, but rather on the environment in which the shea tree grew and the individual genetic makeup of the trees (Abagale et al. 2016). Kernels thickness more than 10 mm, and sun-dried more than 5 days, gave higher PV according to the study established in Cameroon (Womeni et al. 2007). Kernels crushing enhances moisture evaporation, resulting in more acidity and lower UMC, triterpenic alcohols and sterols, due to an increasing contact surface area between enzymes and substrates. A prolonged sun exposure of the kernels leads to the formation of peroxides destabilizing the compounds with high melting point and poor stability. Table 3 Chemical characteristics of crude shea butter Sample Peroxide value (meqO 2 /kg) Free Fatty Acids (%) Iodine value by Wijs (g/100g) Iodine value by GC (g/100g) Unsaponifiable matter content (%) K λ232 nm K λ268 nm ΔK Baze 1 14.5 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 58.8 ± 0.1 53.6 5.9 ± 2.6 0.759 ± 0.034 4.004 ± 0.004 0.122 Boul 1 19.6 ± 6.9 3.0 ± 0.1 55.2 ± 0.9 53.5 8.3 ± 0.1 1.057 ± 0.117 4,440 ± 0.082 0.123 Boulg 1 14,7 ± 0.1 1.7 ± 0.1 59.3 ± 0.2 54.3 8.5 ± 1.2 0.835 ± 0.001 4.222 ± 0.025 0.124 Como 1 14.8 ± 0.2 2.9 ± 0.1 56.5 ± 0.2 53.9 5.67 ± 1.4 0.740 ± 0.012 3.431 ± 0.008 0.099 Como 2 22.1 ± 3.4 6.1 ± 0.1 55.4 ± 0.3 53.9 3.9 ± 0.01 0.612 ± 0.001 2.916 ± 0.016 0.084 Como 3 19.9 ± 0.1 5.0 ± 0.1 55.9 ± 0.2 52.7 5.2 ± 0.2 0.828 ± 0.042 3.623 ± 0.034 0.100 Como 4 42.2 ± 3.8 6.3 ± 0.1 55.4 ± 0.1 54.3 5.1 ± 0.3 1.051 ± 0.090 4.111 ± 0.104 0.105 Gour 1 9.9 ± 0.1 3.9 ± 0.1 61.5 ± 0.9 54.3 7.6 ± 0.1 0.810 ± 0.009 3.845 ± 0.025 0.112 Houe 1 9,9 ± 0.1 3.5 ± 0.1 58.4 ± 0.2 54.8 6.4 ± 1.3 1.077 ± 0.007 4.821 ± 0.009 0.139 Houe 2 41.9 ± 3.0 2.1 ± 0.1 58.3 ± 0.7 53.9 4.8 ± 0.1 1.186 ± 0.138 4.970 ± 0.137 0.136 Houe 3 19.8 ± 6.9 1.1 ± 0.1 57.4 ± 0.7 53.9 5.8 ± 0.1 0.769 ± 0.029 3.137 ± 0.064 0.088 Houe 4 12.3 ± 3.5 4.9 ± 0.1 65.5 ± 0.3 64.2 5.2 ± 0.1 0.783 ± 0.030 3.305 ± 0.032 0.083 Houe 5 14.5 ± 0.1 4.5 ± 0.1 60.2 ± 0.4 55.6 6.9 ± 0.9 1.182 ± 0.012 5.028 ± 0.014 0.131 Houe 6 9.9 ± 0.1 5.0 ± 0.1 57.3 ± 0.8 54.8 3.7 ± 0.2 0.874 ± 0.074 3.570 ± 0.054 0.097 Ioba 1 14.9 ± 0.1 3.6 ± 0.1 58.2 ± 0.2 54.0 6.9 ± 0.1 0.719 ± 0.015 3.785 ± 0.006 0.111 Ioba 2 7.4 ± 3.5 2.1 ± 0.1 57.1 ± 0.6 53.0 6.8 ± 1.4 0.672 ± 0.004 3.669 ± 0.025 0.105 Kadi 1 9.9 ± 0.1 5.3 ± 0.1 60.2 ± 0.3 52.6 7.0 ± 0.1 0.645 ± 0.025 3.500 ± 0.067 0.104 Kadi 2 9.9 ± 0.1 8.2 ± 0.1 55.2 ± 0.5 54.2 7.0 ± 0.1 1.227 ± 0.133 5.384 ± 0.085 0.148 Kadi 3 22.3 ± 3.3 4.3 ± 0.1 58.7 ± 0.3 53.0 6.9 ± 0.3 0.941 ± 0.023 4.200 ± 0.031 0.122 Kadi 4 6.1 ± 1.7 2.7 ± 0.1 56.5 ± 1.2 53.8 7.9 ± 0.1 1.244 ± 0.006 5.685 ± 0.040 0.201 Kadi 5 4.6 ± 0.1 2.5 ± 0.1 58.8 ± 0.5 54.7 6.0 ± 0.1 1.131 ± 0.193 3.534 ± 0.204 0.159 Kadi 6 19.7 ± 0.1 4.1 ± 0.1 57.8 ± 0.1 54.4 6.0 ± 1.8 1.188 ± 0.037 5.480 ± 0.117 0.149 Kene 1 27.1 ± 3.5 6.0 ± 0.4 58.2 ± 0.6 55.4 3.0 ± 1.0 0.751 ± 0.070 3.034 ± 0.055 0.091 Komo 1 34.3 ± 0.1 2.8 ± 0.1 56.9 ± 0.7 53.2 5.6 ± 0.1 0.765 ± 0.008 3.745 ± 0.032 0.109 Koul 1 22.1 ± 3.5 2.4 ± 0.1 58.0 ± 0.1 53.8 12.0 ± 0.1 1.012 ± 0.027 4.699 ± 0.022 0.136 Koul 2 31.89 ± 3.5 2.5 ± 0.1 61.5 ± 0.2 55.7 6.6 ± 0.8 0.797 ± 0.011 4.088 ± 0.014 0.134 Mouh 1 37.0 ± 3.4 1.1 ± 0.1 57.7 ± 0.4 54.6 9.3 ± 0.1 0.998 ± 0.037 3.652 ± 0.032 0.100 Naho 1 24.4 ± 0.2 3.0 ± 0.2 60.0 ± 0.2 54.4 7.4 ± 0.1 1.024 ± 0.110 4.352 ± 0.094 0.122 Naho 2 9.8 ± 0.1 2.2 ± 0.1 56.4 ± 0.8 53.7 7.6 ± 0.1 0.911 ± 0.016 4.155 ± 0.017 0.118 Naho 3 14.8 ± 0.1 3.1 ± 0.1 60.1 ± 0.7 55.2 8.0 ± 0.1 1.337 ± 0.137 4.776 ± 0.117 0.130 Naya 1 44.5 ± 0.2 2.6 ± 0.1 58.9 ± 0.7 53.5 7.9 ± 0.1 0.938 ± 0.045 4.384 ± 0.014 0.127 Noum 1 24.8 ± 0.1 2.4 ± 0.1 54.8 ± 0.2 53.1 5.4 ± 0.1 0.677 ± 0.040 3.392 ± 0.019 0.097 Oubr 1 20.0 ± 0.1 2.0 ± 0.1 54.0 ± 0.7 52.9 5.6 ± 0.1 1.093 ± 0.006 4.567 ± 0.011 0.119 Sang 1 29.5 ± 0.1 2.5 ± 0.1 55.9 ± 0.9 53.8 6.7 ± 0.7 0.823 ± 0.078 3.910 ± 0.036 0.114 Siss 1 14.9 ± 0.1 3.1 ± 0.1 61.3 ± 0.1 53.1 9.5 ± 0.1 1.213 ± 0.012 4.802 ± 0.031 0.136 Siss 2 14.8 ± 0.1 7.0 ± 0.1 56.2 ± 0.3 50.5 3.0 ± 1.0 0.794 ± 0.065 3.831 ± 0.078 0.111 Yate 1 12.2 ± 3.4 9.7 ± 0.1 58.5 ± 0.5 54.9 7.6 ± 0.1 0.775 ± 0.013 3.712 ± 0.008 0.105 Analyses were done in triplicate per sample and values were recorded as the mean ± SD. 3.2.2. Crude shea butter fatty acids profile Results of FA determination is shown in Table 4 . Stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were the main FA, which values ranged from 33.9 ± 0.1% to 47.2 ± 0.2% and from 40.8 ± 0.2% to 51.0 ± 0.1%, respectively. Linoleic acid (C18:2) was the main polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), it ranged from 5.8 ± 0.1 to 8.4 ± 0.1%. Results obtained for stearic, oleic and linoleic acids were close to those reported by Badu et al. 2018; Biswas et al. 2017; F.A.O 2017; Zhang et al. (2017). Gadoleic acid helps to protect the skin against the effects of oxidation. Its presence at levels of around 1% improves butter stability. It has been found in traces in shea kernels (Lovett 2015). Sample Houe 4 , from process1 (obtained by nuts boiling and sun-drying, kernels roasting, paste milling and churning, and emulsion washing then boiling) had the lowest C18:0 value, and the highest value for palmitic and linoleic acids. However, samples from process1 (Kadi 1 ) and process3 (Siss 2 ) had the lowest values for palmitic acid and linoleic acid, respectively. Extractions steps of theses samples (double-boiling of emulsion) differing from those of sample Houe 4 . Three samples obtained by process1 (Como 3 , Kadi 1 and Siss 2 ) had the highest values for stearic acid. Linoleic acid was reported as the main FA, ranging from 57,8 to 68,0%, followed by stearic acid, 22.5–28.9% in Uganda (East Africa) (Nahm et al. 2013). This is most probably due to the different sub-species: Vittelaria paradoxa nilotica , is the sub-specie which growth in East Africa, unlike V. paradoxa paradoxa in West Africa. These results were similar to values obtained at the north of Benin (Allal et al. 2013). Due to the high content of the saturated-unsaturated-saturated triacylglycerols of SB, which is similar to cocoa butter (CB), SB is suitable for use as cocoa butter equivalent (CBE) in food industry. 3.3. Physical characteristics 3.3.1. Shea butter color and yellowness index Color values determined to Lovibond color (L*, a*, b*) system are presented in Table 5 . Results of solid form showed that two samples obtained by process1 (Gour 1 ) and process2 (Komo 1 ), had the higher Lightness (L*) values: 82.0 ± 0.1 and 81.0 ± 0.1 respectively. These samples were from the East. Samples with lower L* value were Houe 4 (process1) and Naya 1 (process5) were from Upper-Basin and Mouhoun Loop, respectively. Sample Naya 1 is obtained by settling, and is not filtered, unlike the other investigated samples this could explain the difference observed. According to a study performed in Ivory-Coast, artisanal SB collected exhibited white, beige and yellow color (Megnanou et al. 2014). These results shown L* value ranging from 63.66 ± 1.15 and 68.67 ± 0.58, for yellow “market” and yellow “original” butter. Yellow color is related to carotenoids content. Shea butter L* (brightness) color decreased according storage duration and type of container (Honfo et al. 2011). Our results shown that melted samples were less shiny than no melted ones, with an average ratio around 0.78. The ratio between melted and solid form for Naya 1 was lower, 0.65 and this could be explained by the fact that the butter is not filtered. Butter filtration prior to packaging could help to remove some dissolved impurities, increasing butter brightness. Table 4 Profile of the major fatty acids of crude shea butter samples collected in Burkina Faso Sample Palmitic acid (C16:0) Stearic acid (C18:0) Oleic acid (C18:1) Linoleic acid (C18:2) Gadoleic acid (C20:1) Baze 1 3.3 ± 0.1 43.5 ± 0.1 44.4 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Boul 1 3.3 ± 0.1 44.0 ± 0.1 44.0 ± 0.1 6.0 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Boulg 1 3.6 ± 0.1 43.8 ± 0.1 43.2 ± 0.1 6.9 ± 0.1 1.7 ± 0.1 Como 1 3.4 ± 0.1 43.4 ± 0.1 44.9 ± 0.1 6.1 ± 0.1 1.4 ± 0.1 Como 2 3.2 ± 0.1 43.4 ± 0.1 44.7 ± 0.1 6.0 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Como 3 3.2 ± 0.1 44.8 ± 0.1 43.9 ± 0.1 5.8 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Como 4 3.2 ± 0.1 43.0 ± 0.1 45.0 ± 0.1 6.1 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Gour 1 3.6 ± 0.1 42.7 ± 0.1 45.2 ± 0.1 6.0 ± 0.1 1.3 ± 0.1 Houe 1 3.1 ± 0.1 43.1 ± 0.1 44.9 ± 0.1 6.4 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Houe 2 3.3 ± 0.1 43.4 ± 0.1 44.9 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Houe 3 3.3 ± 0.1 43.3 ± 0.1 44.9 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Houe 4 3.7 ± 0.1 33.9 ± 0.1 51.0 ± 0.1 8.4 ± 0.1 1.2 ± 0.1 Houe5 3.2 ± 0.1 41.9 ± 0.1 45.8 ± 0.1 6.5 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Houe 6 3.3 ± 0.1 42.3 ± 0.1 45.8 ± 0.1 6.0 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Ioba 1 3.5 ± 0.1 43.4 ± 0.1 44.3 ± 0.1 6.2 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Ioba 2 3.2 ± 0.1 44.8 ± 0.1 43.6 ± 0.1 6.1 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Kadi 1 3.1 ± 0.1 45.1 ± 0.1 43.4 ± 0.1 5.8 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Kadi 2 3.2 ± 0.1 43.5 ± 0.1 44.4 ± 0.1 6.20 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Kadi 3 3.2 ± 0.1 44.4 ± 0.1 44.1 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Kadi 4 3.4 ± 0.1 43.6 ± 0.1 44.1 ± 0.1 6.2 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Kadi 5 3.3 ± 0.1 42.5 ± 0.1 44.8 ± 0.1 6.3 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Kadi 6 3.3 ± 0.1 43.0 ± 0.1 44.7 ± 0.1 6.3 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Kene 1 3.2 ± 0.1 42.0 ± 0.1 46.5 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 0.1 1.4 ± 0.1 Komo 1 3.3 ± 0.1 44.0 ± 0.1 44.6 ± 0.1 5.8 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Koul 1 3.6 ± 0.1 43.2 ± 0.1 44.8 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Koul 2 3.3 ± 0.1 41.7 ± 0.1 46.3 ± 0.1 6.2 ± 0.1 1.4 ± 0.1 Mouh 1 3.4 ± 0.3 42.7 ± 0.1 45.3 ± 0.2 6.2 ± 0.1 1.4 ± 0.1 Naho 1 3.4 ± 0.1 43.3 ± 0.1 45.0 ± 0.1 6.3 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Naho 2 3.5 ± 0.1 43.5 ± 0.1 44.6 ± 0.1 6.1 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Naho 3 3.3 ± 0.1 42.6 ± 0.1 45.4 ± 0.1 6.5 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Naya 1 3.6 ± 0.1 43.2 ± 0.1 44.6 ± 0.1 6.0 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Noum 1 3.4 ± 0.1 44.6 ± 0.1 42.9 ± 0.1 6.4 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Oubr 1 3.2 ± 0.1 44.7 ± 0.1 44.0 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Sang 1 3.4 ± 0.1 43.6 ± 0.1 44.2 ± 0.1 6.1 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Siss 1 3.5 ± 0.1 44.3 ± 0.1 43.5 ± 0.1 6.2 ± 0.1 1.7 ± 0.1 Siss 2 3.4 ± 0.1 47.2 ± 0.2 40.8 ± 0.2 6.1 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 Yate 1 3.6 ± 0.1 42.6 ± 0.1 45.0 ± 0.1 6.4 ± 0.1 1.6 ± 0.1 Analyses were done in triplicate per sample and values were recorded as the mean ± SD. In case of solid and liquid SB obtained by traditional extraction processes, YI could provide additional information related to color changes caused by poor quality storage. Results showed that the YI of melted butter were greater than those of solid form. An average ratio around 1.2 was found for all samples, with some values ranging from 0.7 (Houe 6 ) to 2.5 (for Naya 1 ). Naya 1 had lowest L* value and this can be related to its obtention process, which is characterized by the lack of filtration of the emulsion and butter before packaging (see Table 1 ). Table 5 Crude and melted shea butter color (L*, a*, b*) system and yellow index Sample L* (Crude) L* (Melted) a* (Crude) a* (Melted) b* (Crude) b* (Melted) YI (Crude) YI (Melted) Baze 1 76.6 ± 0.1 59.4 ± 0.2 -0.4 ± 0.1 -3.1 ± 0.1 29.4 ± 0.1 29.3 ± 0.1 54.8 ± 0.2 70.5 ± 0.4 Boul 1 76.0 ± 0.1 58.9 ± 0.2 -1.4 ± 0.1 -3.5 ± 0.1 23.7 ± 0.2 24.8 ± 0.1 44.6 ± 0.4 60.2 ± 0.4 Boulg 1 77.8 ± 0.1 65.4 ± 0.1 -1.0 ± 0.1 -2.7 ± 0.1 19.5 ± 0.1 12.9 ± 0.1 35.8 ± 0.1 28.2 ± 0.2 Como 1 78.9 ± 0.1 61.8 ± 0.1 -2.1 ± 0.1 -2.7 ± 0.1 20.5 ± 0.1 13.5 ± 0.1 37.1 ± 0.2 31.2 ± 0.1 Como 2 79.8 ± 0.2 58.6 ± 0.1 -1.8 ± 0.1 -4.3 ± 0.1 22.4 ± 0.1 20.4 ± 0.1 40.0 ± 0.2 49.6 ± 0.1 Como 3 80.2 ± 0.1 63.5 ± 0.1 -3.4 ± 0.1 -4.6 ± 0.1 24.4 ± 0.2 19.4 ± 0.1 43.4 ± 0.4 44.0 ± 0.1 Como 4 75.1 ± 0.1 62.1 ± 0.3 0.9 ± 0.1 -2.5 ± 0.1 23.6 ± 0.1 23.5 ± 0.1 44.8 ± 0.1 54.1 ± 0.5 Gour 1 82.0 ± 0.1 60.0 ± 0.1 -0.6 ± 0.1 -4.8 ± 0.1 24.7 ± 0.3 23.7 ± 0.1 43.0 ± 0.5 56.4 ± 0.2 Houe 1 73.9 ± 0.1 59.3 ± 0.2 1.3 ± 0.1 -2.0 ± 0.1 26.0 ± 0.3 25.5 ± 0.1 50.3 ± 0.6 61.4 ± 0.2 Houe 2 78.9 ± 0.1 61.8 ± 0.3 -0.2 ± 0.1 -3.5 ± 0.1 27.4 ± 0.2 23.5 ± 0.1 49.6 ± 0.3 54.2 ± 0.3 Houe 3 72.6 ± 0.2 55.1 ± 0.2 0.9 ± 0.1 -0.5 ± 0.1 19.0 ± 0.1 24.4 ± 0.1 37.3 ± 0.1 63.3 ± 0.5 Houe 4 67.4 ± 0.1 61.2 ± 0.2 2.1 ± 0.1 -1.7 ± 0.1 26.2 ± 0.1 30.4 ± 0.2 55.5 ± 0.2 71.1 ± 0.8 Houe 5 79.9 ± 0.1 61.3 ± 0.1 -1.7 ± 0.1 -3.1 ± 0.1 18.4 ± 0.1 21.9 ± 0.1 32.8 ± 0.2 51.1 ± 0.3 Houe 6 80.6 ± 0.1 62.6 ± 0.1 -1.0 ± 0.1 -3.3 ± 0.1 27.2 ± 0.2 15.2 ± 0.1 48.2 ± 0.3 35.0 ± 0.1 Ioba 1 78.1 ± 0.1 59.6 ± 0.3 -0.6 ± 0.1 -3.3 ± 0.1 24.2 ± 0.6 25.4 ± 0.2 44.3 ± 1.1 61.0 ± 0.8 Ioba 2 78.6 ± 0.1 64.2 ± 0.2 -1.5 ± 0.1 -3.4 ± 0.1 20.8 ± 1.3 18.9 ± 0.1 37.8 ± 2.2 42.1 ± 0.2 Kadi 1 76.2 ± 0.1 62.6 ± 0.1 -1.7 ± 0.1 -3.9 ± 0.1 23.3 ± 0.2 24.0 ± 0.1 43.7 ± 0.3 55.0 ± 0.2 Kadi 2 75.7 ± 0.1 61.6 ± 0.1 0.1 ± 0.1 -3.6 ± 0.1 25.5 ± 0.1 34.6 ± 0.1 48.1 ± 0.2 80.3 ± 0.3 Kadi 3 79.3 ± 0.1 62.9 ± 0.1 -1.5 ± 0.1 -3.5 ± 0.1 23.5 ± 0.3 17.1 ± 0.1 42.3 ± 0.6 38.8 ± 0.1 Kadi 4 77.7 ± 0.1 60.2 ± 0.2 -1.4 ± 0.1 -3.0 ± 0.1 21.2 ± 0.1 27.5 ± 0.1 38.9 ± 0.1 65.1 ± 0.2 Kadi 5 74.1 ± 0.1 61.1 ± 0.4 1.2 ± 0.1 -2.1 ± 0.1 23.9 ± 0.2 31.7 ± 0.2 46.1 ± 0.4 74.2 ± 0.8 Kadi 6 77.4 ± 0.1 64.9 ± 0.1 -2.3 ± 0.1 -5.5 ± 0.1 29.6 ± 0.1 29.9 ± 0.1 54.6 ± 0.1 65.8 ± 0.2 Kene 1 68.2 ± 0.1 59.6 ± 0.2 0.8 ± 0.1 -1.8 ± 0.1 21.9 ± 0.1 23.8 ± 0.2 45.8 ± 0.2 56.9 ± 0.5 Komo 1 81.0 ± 0.1 66.9 ± 0.3 -2.0 ± 0.1 -3.3 ± 0.1 18.7 ± 0.1 12.8 ± 0.1 33.0 ± 0.1 27.2 ± 0.2 Koul 1 76.1 ± 0.1 59.2 ± 0.1 -0.3 ± 0.1 -1.7 ± 0.1 13.3 ± 0.1 13.0 ± 0.1 24.9 ± 0.1 31.5 ± 0.3 Koul 2 79.7 ± 0.2 60.7 ± 0.5 -1.8 ± 0.1 -3.5 ± 0.1 23.1 ± 0.2 20.0 ± 0.1 41.4 ± 0.5 47.1 ± 0.3 Mouh 1 75.6 ± 0.1 60.7 ± 0.3 -0.1 ± 0.1 -2.3 ± 0.1 18.0 ± 0.5 20.8 ± 0.1 34.1 ± 1.1 49.0 ± 0.3 Naho 1 76.6 ± 0.1 59.6 ± 0.2 -1.5 ± 0.1 -3.1 ± 0.1 20.1 ± 0.1 20.7 ± 0.1 37.4 ± 0.1 49.5 ± 0.4 Naho 2 79.5 ± 0.1 60.7 ± 0.1 -1.1 ± 0.1 -2.4 ± 0.1 17.9 ± 0.2 14.9 ± 0.1 32.2 ± 0.4 35.0 ± 0.2 Naho 3 77.1 ± 0.2 55.8 ± 0.2 -2.0 ± 0.1 -2.4 ± 0.1 19.4 ± 0.4 21.7 ± 0.1 35.9 ± 0.8 55.5 ± 0.4 Naya 1 61.5 ± 0.1 40.1 ± 0.1 2.9 ± 0.1 6.1 ± 0.1 21.5 ± 0.1 36.2 ± 0.1 50.0 ± 0.2 128.8 ± 0.1 Noum 1 75.3 ± 0.1 55.7 ± 0.1 1.4 ± 0.1 -0.9 ± 0.1 25.2 ± 0.2 33.2 ± 0.1 47.9 ± 0.4 85.2 ± 0.2 Oubr 1 80.0 ± 0.1 62.5 ± 0.1 -0.1 ± 0.1 -3.4 ± 0.1 30.1 ± 0.1 18.1 ± 0.1 53.7 ± 0.1 41.3 ± 0.1 Sang 1 80.8 ± 0.1 63.1 ± 0.3 -1.5 ± 0.1 -3.5 ± 0.1 24.1 ± 0.1 18.3 ± 0.1 42.7 ± 0.1 41.4 ± 0.3 Siss 1 76.1 ± 0.1 58.0 ± 0.2 -1.2 ± 0.1 -1.8 ± 0.1 14.8 ± 0.1 17.4 ± 0.1 27.9 ± 0.1 43.0 ± 0.2 Siss 2 77.8 ± 0.1 62.6 ± 0.2 -0.1 ± 0.1 -2.8 ± 0.1 22.2 ± 0.1 16.4 ± 0.1 40.7 ± 0.2 37.5 ± 0.2 Yate 1 71.8 ± 0.2 55.9 ± 0.2 -0.2 ± 0.1 -3.0 ± 0.1 28.4 ± 0.2 31.8 ± 0.1 56.5 ± 0.2 81.2 ± 0.4 Analyses were done in triplicate per sample and values were recorded as the mean ± SD. 3.3.2. Shea butter solid fat content The SFC profiles of all the crude SB samples as measured by pulsed NMR are shown in Fig. 2 (tempered B and non-tempered A methods) . The 37 samples were diversely distributed according to their origin and the extraction process used. Considering the profile obtained by the non-tempered serial method ( Fig. 2 A and 2 C ) , samples Houe 5 and Kene 1 presented the lowest SFC profiles. They presented also the lowest stearic acid content (see Table 4 ) whereas the oleic acid and IV GC contents were among the highest (see Table 3 ). Sample Kene 1 had a lower UMC (3.0 ± 1.0%). Samples Houe 5 (process2) and Kene 1 (process1) were collected in the same locality (Upper-Bassin region), and the butter were extracted using semi-mechanized materials, as shown in the Table 2 , but with different extraction processes. Both processes differ in terms of paste treatment. For Houe 5 , the paste was not boiled, and the resulting raw butter was not kneaded before packaging ( Table 1 ) . Samples Oubr 1 and Ioba 2 which were from different origin (Central plateau and South west), but same extraction process (process1) showed a higher SFC profile compared to the others. Their butter were extracted by non-semi-mechanized method. Stearic acid content of these samples were among the highest, around 45.0%. A higher stearic acid content increased the SFC profile, particularly in the range 20 to 35°C. The oleic acid content of these samples was about 44.0%, closer to the lowest content found this study (41.0% for sample Siss 2 ). Their IV GC and FFA were also close to lower value, respectively 53.0g/100g and 2.0-2.1%. At 40°C, all the samples were almost completely melted except sample Gour 1 for which 2.7% of solid was measured at 40°C it was collected in the East region. Their extraction processes were similar to Kene 1 and Houe 5 . Results showed that the paste treatment, and UMC seems to have no effect on SFC profile. But for non-tempered serial method, semi-mechanized materials used to extract butter, seems to produce lowers SFC profiles. Similar to information observed for non-tempered method, sample Houe 5 ( Fig. 2 B ) exhibited a lower SFC at 20 and 25°C. However, at 30°C, the sample Houe 4 with the lowest stearic acid content (33.9%), the highest oleic acid content (51.0%), and the highest IV GC (64.2 g/100g), exhibited the lowest SFC value (5.5%). These results were similar to those obtained by non-tempered serial method. Likewise, sample Houe 4 was collected (process 1 ) in the same region (Upper-Bassin) than Houe 5 and Kene 1 , but using traditional materials to extract butter, differently from the last two. For tempered serial method, semi-mechanized practice seems to have no effect on SFC value. However, sample from Upper-Bassin had he lower SFC value which could explain by the edaphic and/or the genetic factors for shea fruits. The highest SFC values were observed for sample Como 4 . Regarding its extraction process, the emulsion was obtained by double cooking, which differed to those of Oubr 1 and Ioba 2 as we described earlier. Extraction was done only using non-semi-mechanized method. As expected, the results of the tempered and non-tempered profiles showed that SB requires special pretreatment, which is recommended for highly polymorphic fats like CB and CBE. The tempered serials methods will enhance polymorphic transition. 3.3.3. Shea butter thermal behavior by DSC Crystallization ( Fig. 3 A-C ) and melting ( Fig. 4 E-G ) thermal behavior of all samples were analyzed by DSC. This allowed to highlight the great diversity among the thermal behavior of crude SB extracted by various processes from different regions in Burkina Faso. Regarding crystallization behavior, a classification was done according to the plot similarities. Three different main profiles, 1, 2 and 3 were identified as shown in Fig. 3 . Four transition temperatures were generally observed c1, c2, c3 (TPeak), and c4 (TOnset), as illustrated in Fig. 3 F-H. Crystallization profile 1 differed from the other profiles by the shape of the curve at TOnset ( Fig. 3 A-B ) . All the extractions processes illustrated in Tables 1 – 2 , were found in this profile. Analysis showed that profile 1 has higher transitions temperatures c4 (TOnset) range between 17.7 to 22.4°C. This could be explained by the high level of C18:0, previously mentioned. It was not possible to link the thermal behavior to the extraction process. Regarding sample origin, only two regions, Cascades and Central plateau were not included. Samples showing profile 1 were characterized by the highest levels of stearic acid, and the lowest levels of oleic acid ranging between 42.6–47.2% and 40.8–45.3% respectively. It is worth to mention that besides the difference FA profile, these samples possess the FFA and PV among the highest between 9.7% and 9.8-44.5meqO 2 /kg. Unsaponifiable matter content were diversely distributed in samples from profile A, include the lowest (3.0%) and highest value (12.0%). Crystallization profile 2 ( Fig. 3 C-D ) exhibited many samples which were different from profile 1 in the shape of the peak at c4. Regarding profile 3, their samples differed to others samples by the shape of the curve in c’, highlighted in the Fig. 3 E and G . Four regions, among the eleven were identified in this section, with two extraction processes (process1 and unknow process) and correspond to the samples with lowest stearic acid content and highest oleic acid content, respectively 33.9–43.3%, 44.8–51.0% contrary to profile type 1 and IV GC higher values 54.3-64.2g/100g. Profile 3 was characterized by specific transitions temperatures c’ (15.1 to 16.3°C), identified between c3 and c4. The transitions temperatures c4 were lower than others c4, and ranged between (16.0-17.9°C). Regarding the melting profiles ( Table 6 ) , three different parameters were measured by integration: melting enthalpy (Hf) of the first three peaks, Hf1, Hf2, Hf3 (J/g) and the total melting enthalpy (J/g). Hf were calculated based the area below the curve and the thermogram baselines (Momeny et al. 2013). Then, some ratio of enthalpy ΔHf, were calculated (ΔHf = Hf2/Hf3) in order to classify profiles. It can be noticed that ΔHf ranged between [0.51–0.95 J/g], [1.01–1.47 J/g], and [1.51–4.34 J/g], as shown in Table 6 . Based on this classification, 3 different profiles were founded: profile 1 ( Fig. 4 A-C ) , profile 2 ( Fig. 4 D ) , and profile 3 ( Fig. 4 E ) . Overlapping analysis for thermal behavior shown 4 endothermal peaks: h1, h2 (TOnset), h3 (TPeak) and h4 (TEnd), illustrated in Fig. 4 F-H, highlighted typical enthalpy of fusion resulting from samples Sang 1 , Como 4 and Como 3 . The classification of the Samples from melting profiles was different to the one based on the crystallization profiles. This could be explained by the mode of classification applied, according plots similarities for crystallization, and enthalpy for fusion. First, melting profile 1, ie ΔHf < 1.00 included the great majority of samples with all the extraction processes shown in the Table 2 , as well as all the origin except the Cascades region. This profile was made up of the samples with min and max values of FFA 1.0-9.7%, and PV 4.6-44.5meqO 2 /kg. Transitions temperatures, TPeak and TEnd ranged between 12.1–14.3°C, to 25.0-29.3°C respectively. Transitions temperatures varied slightly between samples. Likewise, total enthalpy required to melt crystals were 66.7 to 72.5 J/g. Then, melting profile 2, ie ΔHf 1.50, process1, process2 and unknow process were represented, closed to profile 2. Regarding these two profiles, FA content and quality parameters were diversly distributed. Their transitions temperatures TPeak and TEnd were closer and varied slightly. However, profile 3 required in general more total enthalpy than profile 1, ranged respectively between 66.2–76.3 J/g and 63.6–71.0 J/g. Results showed the great diversity of thermal behavior for crude SB from Burkina Faso, regardless of the process and the origin. The crystallization thermal behavior is related to FA content, and chemical parameters, as IV GC , FFA, and UMC. Furthermore, more statistical analyzes were performed to establish comparative analysis between chemical and thermal behavior related to process. Table 6 Transition temperature of melting and crystallization of crude shea butter Sample Melting characteristics Crystallization characteristics h2 h3 h4 H f 1 H f 2 H f 3 Total H f ΔH f c1 c2 c3 c4 c' Baze 1 3.5 ± 0.3 12.1 ± 0.1 28.5 ± 0.1 11.7 ± 0.3 20.0 ± 0.2 35.1 ± 0.4 66.7 ± 0.1 0.6 ± 0.1 -6.9 ± 0.1 6.6 ± 0.1 12.2 ± 0.1 18.4 ± 0.1 - Boul 1 4.0 ± 0.1 13.4 ± 0.1 28.1 ± 0.1 12.0 ± 0.3 27.5 ± 0.8 29.5 ± 0.4 69.0 ± 0.9 0.9 ± 0.1 -6.8 ± 0.1 6.8 ± 0.1 12.7 ± 0.1 18.7 ± 0.1 - Boulg 1 3.9 ± 0.1 12.4 ± 0.1 28.9 ± 0.2 11.5 ± 0.1 17.8 ± 0.7 34.9 ± 1.9 64.2 ± 1.1 0.5 ± 0.1 -7.3 ± 0.1 6.4 ± 0.1 12.1 ± 0.6 19.3 ± 0.1 - Como 1 3.9 ± 0.1 13.2 ± 0.1 28.2 ± 0.1 12.2 ± 0.1 26.4 ± 0.4 32.8 ± 1.0 71.4 ± 0.5 0.8 ± 0.1 -6.7 ± 0.1 6.8 ± 0.1 12.3 ± 0.1 17.7 ± 0.1 - Como 2 4.0 ± 0.1 14.2 ± 0.1 26.0 ± 0.1 16.3 ± 0.1 48.8 ± 0.2 11.3 ± 0.4 76.3 ± 0.6 4.3 ± 0.1 -6.3 ± 0.1 7.1 ± 0.1 12.9 ± 0.1 18.5 ± 0.1 - Como 3 3.5 ± 0.2 14.4 ± 0.2 27.2 ± 0.3 11.4 ± 0.6 47.6 ± 1.4 11.3 ± 0.1 70.3 ± 2.1 4.2 ± 0.1 -6.2 ± 0.1 7.1 ± 0.1 12.7 ± 0.4 17.6 ± 0.3 - Como 4 4.2 ± 0.1 14.3 ± 0.1 27.8 ± 0.1 13.1 ± 0.1 31.4 ± 2.1 24.4 ± 2.1 68.8 ± 0.1 1.3 ± 0.2 -6.7 ± 0.1 6.8 ± 0.1 12.0 ± 0.1 16.4 ± 0.1 15.6 Gour 1 3.1 ± 0.1 12.7 ± 0.1 27.8 ± 0.3 11.8 ± 0.5 25.4 ± 0.9 29.1 ± 1.2 66.3 ± 0.2 0.9 ± 0.1 -7.0 ± 0.1 6.5 ± 0.1 11.5 ± 0.1 19.2 ± 0.4 - Houe 1 3.1 ± 0.4 13.5 ± 0.2 28.1 ± 0.1 12.2 ± 0.2 30.4 ± 0.2 26.2 ± 0.9 68.8 ± 1.2 1.2 ± 0.1 -6.5 ± 0.2 6.9 ± 0.1 12.4 ± 0.3 18.4 ± 1.0 - Houe 2 4.2 ± 0.3 13.1 ± 0.2 28.9 ± 0.2 11.2 ± 0.1 21.2 ± 1.1 34.4 ± 1.5 66.8 ± 0.5 0.6 ± 0.1 -7.0 ± 0.1 6.6 ± 0.1 12.1 ± 0.1 17.2 ± 0.1 - Houe 3 3.2 ± 0.2 13.7 ± 0.1 28.2 ± 0.1 11.9 ± 0.1 23.5 ± 0.3 35.1 ± 0.1 70.6 ± 0.4 0.7 ± 0.1 -6.8 ± 0.1 6.5 ± 0.1 11.6 ± 0.1 16.8 ± 0.1 - Houe 4 2.9 ± 0.4 14.7 ± 0.1 27.0 ± 0.1 13.2 ± 0.1 34.2 ± 0.1 22.7 ± 0.2 70.0 ± 0.1 1.5 ± 0.1 -6.4 ± 0.1 7.0 ± 0.1 11.7 ± 0.3 17.6 ± 0.2 15.6 Houe 5 2.7 ± 0.1 13.4 ± 0.2 26.0 ± 0.3 11.9 ± 1.5 35.2 ± 1.8 19.1 ± 1.5 66.2 ± 4.8 1.8 ± 0.1 -6.6 ± 0.3 6.6 ± 0.4 11.1 ± 0.1 17.7 ± 0.2 - Houe 6 3.5 ± 0.2 14.4 ± 0.1 28.1 ± 0.2 12.9 ± 1.0 43.0 ± 1.2 14.0 ± 0.7 70.0 ± 0.4 3.1 ± 0.2 -6.8 ± 0.1 6.7 ± 0.1 11.8 ± 0.1 17.5 ± 0.3 - Ioba 1 3.9 ± 0.4 13.2 ± 0.1 28.0 ± 0.2 12.3 ± 0.1 26.2 ± 0.6 28.5 ± 0.3 67.0 ± 0.3 0.9 ± 0.1 -6.9 ± 0.1 6.5 ± 0.1 12.0 ± 0.1 18.4 ± 0.3 - Ioba 2 4.6 ± 0.2 13.7 ± 0.1 29.3 ± 0.1 9.9 ± 0.3 20.1 ± 0.5 32.0 ± 1.0 62.1 ± 0.8 0.6 ± 0.1 -7.1 ± 0.1 6.5 ± 0.1 12.0 ± 0.3 17.9 ± 0.3 - Kadi 1 2.9 ± 0.2 13.4 ± 0.1 27.6 ± 0.3 12.7 ± 0.1 29.6 ± 0.2 27.3 ± 0.3 69.7 ± 0.1 1.1 ± 0.1 -6.3 ± 0.1 7.0 ± 0.1 12.9 ± 0.1 19.6 ± 0.5 - Kadi 2 3.5 ± 0.2 13.6 ± 0.1 26.4 ± 0.1 12.8 ± 0.3 32.1 ± 1.5 25.2 ± 0.5 70.1 ± 2.3 1.3 ± 0.1 -6.4 ± 0.2 7.0 ± 0.2 12.7 ± 0.1 19.6 ± 0.3 - Kadi 3 4.0 ± 0.3 14.1 ± 0.1 27.6 ± 0.1 11.7 ± 0.3 29.1 ± 1.6 25.2 ± 0.1 66.1 ± 1.4 1.2 ± 0.1 -6.7 ± 0.1 6.7 ± 0.1 12.5 ± 0.1 20.0 ± 0.2 - Kadi 4 3.8 ± 0.1 13.6 ± 0.1 28.7 ± 0.1 11.3 ± 0.1 27.1 ± 0.1 26.3 ± 0.2 64.7 ± 0.3 1.0 ± 0.1 -6.8 ± 0.1 6.9 ± 0.1 11.9 ± 0.1 16.8 ± 0.6 - Kadi 5 4.1 ± 0.1 14.3 ± 0.1 28.0 ± 0.1 13.3 ± 0.1 27.6 ± 0.4 29.4 ± 0.9 70.2 ± 1.4 0.9 ± 0.1 -6.5 ± 0.2 6.8 ± 0.1 12.1 ± 0.2 16.8 ± 0.1 15.7 Kadi 6 2.6 ± 0.1 13.0 ± 0.1 27.1 ± 0.1 12.5 ± 0.1 29.1 ± 0.3 25.1 ± 0.1 66.6 ± 0.3 1.2 ± 0.1 -6.5 ± 0.1 7.0 ± 0.1 12.2 ± 0.1 19.6 ± 0.3 - Kene 1 2.2 ± 1.7 14.1 ± 0.2 26.8 ± 0.5 13.2 ± 0.6 37.8 ± 4.6 20.2 ± 0.4 71.1 ± 4.9 1.9 ± 0.3 -6.5 ± 0.3 7.0 ± 0.3 11.2 ± 0.3 16.0 ± 0.4 15.1 Komo 1 4.2 ± 0.5 13.4 ± 0.1 28.6 ± 0.1 11.0 ± 0.6 25.8 ± 1.7 28.6 ± 0.1 65.4 ± 2.1 0.9 ± 0.1 -6.8 ± 0.3 6.6 ± 0.1 11.9 ± 0.1 17.3 ± 0.4 - Koul 1 3.4 ± 0.1 12.8 ± 0.1 28.0 ± 0.3 12.3 ± 0.5 23.6 ± 1.3 28.7 ± 0.1 64.5 ± 1.8 0.8 ± 0.1 -7.2 ± 0.3 6.2 ± 0.3 11.6 ± 0.2 17.7 ± 0.2 - Koul 2 3.2 ± 0.1 13.7 ± 0.1 28.1 ± 0.1 12.2 ± 0.1 22.9 ± 0.5 32.2 ± 0.7 67.3 ± 1.2 0.7 ± 0.1 -6.5 ± 0.1 6.8 ± 0.1 11.8 ± 0.1 16.9 ± 0.1 - Mouh 1 3.1 ± 0.2 12.2 ± 0.1 29.0 ± 0.1 11.8 ± 0.6 20.1 ± 0.4 35.7 ± 1.5 67.6 ± 2.4 0.6 ± 0.1 -7.5 ± 0.2 6.1 ± 0.1 12.2 ± 0.1 18.8 ± 0.9 - Naho 1 3.7 ± 0.2 13.0 ± 0.1 28.0 ± 0.1 11.9 ± 0.3 29.7 ± 0.5 29.4 ± 0.5 71.0 ± 0.3 1.0 ± 0.1 -6.4 ± 0.1 7.1 ± 0.1 12.8 ± 0.1 17.9 ± 0.1 16.3 Naho 2 3.3 ± 0.1 12.5 ± 0.1 28.2 ± 0.2 11.7 ± 0.2 23.6 ± 0.1 32.0 ± 0.7 67.3 ± 0.8 0.7 ± 0.1 -6.8 ± 0.2 6.5 ± 0.1 12.0 ± 0.1 18.6 ± 0.1 - Naho 3 4.5 ± 0.1 13.3 ± 0.1 28.3 ± 0.1 11.5 ± 0.3 26.2 ± 0.7 28.1 ± 0.4 66.2 ± 0.6 0.9 ± 0.1 -6.7 ± 0.1 6.7 ± 0.1 12.3 ± 0.1 17.3 ± 0.1 - Naya 1 2.9 ± 0.1 12.4 ± 0.1 27.6 ± 0.1 11.6 ± 0.1 23.0 ± 0.4 31.2 ± 1.5 65.7 ± 1.2 0.7 ± 0.1 -7.3 ± 0.2 6.3 ± 0.1 11.9 ± 0.2 18.9 ± 0.4 - Noum 1 4.0 ± 0.1 13.8 ± 0.1 28.1 ± 0.1 12.9 ± 0.1 28.8 ± 0.1 30.5 ± 0.1 72.2 ± 0.1 0.9 ± 0.1 -6.6 ± 0.1 7.0 ± 0.1 13.0 ± 0.2 19.4 ± 0.2 - Oubr 1 4.3 ± 0.3 13.3 ± 0.1 29.1 ± 0.1 11.8 ± 0.1 23.7 ± 1.5 36.0 ± 0.1 71.5 ± 1.5 0.7 ± 0.1 -6.5 ± 0.1 6.9 ± 0.1 13.0 ± 0.1 18.2 ± 0.1 - Sang 1 4.6 ± 0.1 13.7 ± 0.1 28.3 ± 0.1 11.0 ± 0.2 25.6 ± 0.5 27.1 ± 0.1 63.7 ± 0.7 1.0 ± 0.1 -6.8 ± 0.4 6.7 ± 0.2 12.3 ± 0.5 18.2 ± 0.1 - Siss 1 4.1 ± 0.7 13.4 ± 0.2 28.6 ± 0.1 11.8 ± 0.1 24.2 ± 1.4 30.3 ± 0.4 66.3 ± 1.1 0.8 ± 0.1 -6.8 ± 0.2 6.7 ± 0.1 12.2 ± 0.2 18.3 ± 0.2 - Siss 2 2.3 ± 0.2 14.1 ± 0.1 25.4 ± 0.2 9.7 ± 0.4 32.1 ± 1.5 21.8 ± 0.6 63.6 ± 1.6 1.5 ± 0.1 -6.4 ± 0.1 6.9 ± 0.2 11.8 ± 0.1 22.4 ± 1.3 - Yate 1 -3.8 ± 0.1 13.4 ± 0.1 25.0 ± 0.1 15.6 ± 0.9 27.7 ± 0.1 29.3 ± 0.2 72.5 ± 0.7 1.0 ± 0.1 -6.0 ± 0.1 7.0 ± 0.1 12.9 ± 0.2 20.2 ± 0.2 - Analyses were done in triplicate per sample and values were recorded as the mean ± SD 3.4. Multivariate analysis The influence of the investigated quality parameters on the thermal behavior of crude SB was performed by Pearson correlation test, at α = 0.05, and principal component analysis (PCA) which aimed to determine variables which significantly impact the principal components (PC) selected, extracts and stores the most important data. Only variables which significantly impact the PC were selected (37 individuals and 21 variables as shown in Fig. 5 ) to performed PCA and clusters analysis (CA). Samples clustering consist to classify them based on individual similarity index (Gower distance). The analysis of the PCA plots is shown in Fig. 5 . Firstly, Pearson correlation test was performed to establish relationship between chemical parameters and thermal behavior by DSC and SFC. A value of at least 0.50 from the Pearson correlation coefficient (R) indicated a statistically significant relationship positive or negative whereas below 0.50 means no significant correlation. In the one hand, the statistically significant relationship between SFC and chemicals parameters is shown that relations were moderates negatively (R= -0.70, p-value = 1.66E-06) and positively (R = 0.50, significant p-value ) for FFA-SFC non-tempered method at 35°C, and UMC-SFC tempered method at 35°C, respectively. On the other hand, Table 7 shown the correlation coefficients between the chemical parameters and thermal behavior by DSC according to their profiles. Results shown that thermal behavior of crude SB, may depend on chemical quality, such as FA content and chemical indexes. Parameters which exhibited the greatest influence were UMC and FFA, sorted with the strongest. Correlations between UMC-c’ and UMC-c3 were respectively 0.98 and 0.96. Between FFA-h4, R= -0.88 at p-value = 5.19E-08. The FA content exhibited also important correlations with c4, R = 0.77 for C16:0-c4, R = -0.72 for C18:1-c4, and R = 0.71 for C18:0-c4 (see Table 7 ). Figure 5 A present a graphical arrangement of investigated variables, and illustrates the correlations between them. The analysis of the graphs does not detect any outlier. The main factors accounted for 64.51% of the variation (PC1: 31.05, PC2: 21.71% and ¨PC3: 11.75%). This result means that 64.51% of the variability is explained by the plane. Results of PCA confirmed the strongest significant positive correlation between chemical and thermal parameters, as follows: correlations between FFA-c1, FFA-ΔH f ; UMC-h4, UMC-c3, UMC-c4, UMC-c’; C16:0-c4; and correlation between C18:0-c4. Also, strongest significant negative correlation as shown in the PCA, in agreement with Pearson results: correlations between FFA-h4, FFA-c’; UMC-c4; and correlation between C18:1-c4. PC1-PC2 were mostly explained by the variables with the strongest contributions (C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C20:1, IV GC , FFA, c1, ΔH f , SFCNT35, SFCT35 and h4), with negative and positive coordinate in the plane. However, the residual valence PC3 accounted for 11.75%, mostly explained by Total H f , c2, c3, c4, h2, UMC and C16:0, with negative and positive coordinate in the plane. Hierarchical classification ascending of the individuals shown in Fig. 5 B reveals 3 clusters made on individuals are those with the highest contribution to the plane construction. Number of clusters were performed independently, using Software R. First, the cluster 1 is made of individuals such as Boulg 1 (corresponding to number 3 in the graph), Ioba 2 (number 16), Kadi 1 (number 17), Koul 1 (number 25) and Mouh 1 (number 27). This cluster is characterized in the one hand by high values for SFC at 35°C non-tempered method (SFCNT35), h4, SFC at 35°C tempered method (SFCT35), UMC and h2. In the other hand, samples of cluster 1 were characterized by low values for FFA, ΔHf, h3, c1, c2 and Total Hf. Then, the cluster 2 is made of individuals such as Como 2 (5), Como3 (6), Houe 5 (13), Houe 6 (14), Kadi 2 (18), Kene 1 (23), Siss 2 (36) and Yate 1 (37). Samples were characterized in the one hand by high values for FFA, ΔHf, c1, h3, c2 and Total Hf, and in the other hand by low values for SFCNT35, h4, SFCT35, UMC and h2. Finally, the cluster 3 is made of only Houe 4 (12), an extreme individual, characterized by high values for IV GC , C18:2, C18:1, c’ and C16:0. Sample Houe 4 is also characterized by low values for C18:0 and C20:1. Table 7 Correlation coefficient between chemical and DSC thermal behavior parameters of crude shea butter A) Correlation established for crystallization profile A Parameters Correlation coefficient (R) p-value at 95% * Chemical Thermal FFA c1 0.82 8.404e-05 C16:0 c3 -0.59 0.015 C20:1 c3 0.69 0.003 FFA c4 0.62 0.011 IV GC c4 -0.68 0.004 UMC c4 -0.75 0.000 C18:0 c4 0.71 0.002 C18:1 c4 -0.72 0.001 B) Correlation established for crystallization profile B IV GC c3 -0.56 0.023 C18:0 c3 0.59 0.015 C18:1 c3 -0.50 0.048 C) Correlation established for crystallization profile C FFA c3 -0.68 0.21 UMC c3 0.96 0.009 FFA c4 -0.59 0.290 UMC c4 0.80 0.100 C16:0 c4 0.77 0.130 C18:2 c4 0.55 0.340 FFA c' -0.71 0.180 UMC c' 0.98 0.003 D) Correlation established for melting profile A FFA h4 -0.88 5.19E-08 C16:0 h4 -0.54 0.010 C16:0 c4 0.55 0.008 FFA ΔH f 0.53 0.011 E) Correlation established for melting profile B UMC h3 -0.50 0.170 UMC h4 0.73 0.027 FFA ΔH f 0.80 0.010 F) Correlation established for melting profile C C20:1 h3 0.58 0.220 C16:0 h3 0.60 0.210 * p 0.05 (non-significant) 4. Conclusions Various processes exist in Burkina Faso to extract crude shea butter involving traditional and semi-mechanized methods. The butter collected from different origins in Burkina Faso were all characterized by a relatively high content of unsaponifiable matter, C18:0 and C18:1 content. However, the most important differences were observed in physical and chemical characteristics among the 37 samples. A great diversity was found in the thermal properties (crystallization and melting behavior and solid fat content) and a classification according their profile could be made. Statistically significant relationships were established between the investigated chemical parameters (FFA, IV, UMC, FA) and thermal properties (performed by PCA and Pearson test), a clustering analysis was also performed to classify samples. The results highlighted the great diversity of crude shea butter from Burkina Faso, extracted from various non-standardized processes. The non-standardization of extraction processes leads to the diversity founded in chemical quality. Process standardization would improve shea butter potential, and increase its commercial value. Abbreviations AV Acid value CA Clusters analysis CBE Cocoa butter equivalent C18:0 Stearic fatty acid C18:1 Oleic fatty acid DAG Diacylglycerols DSC Differential scanning calorimetry FA Fatty acid FAME Fatty acids methyl ester FFA Free fatty acid GC Gas chromatography Hf Enthalpy of fusion IV Iodine value K Specific extinction PC Principal components PV Peroxide value p-NMR Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance SB Shea butter SFC Solid fat content TAG Triacylglycerols UMC Unsaponifiable matter content UV Ultraviolet YI Yellow index ΔK Variation of the specific extinction ΔH Enthalpy ratio Declarations 5. Acknowledgements Authors would like to thank the Belgian Académie de Recherche et de l’Enseignement Supérieur – Commission de la Coopération au Développement (ARES-CCD) as technical and financial partner. Authors’ Contribution: Bertrand W. F. Goumbri and Sabine Danthineconceived and designed the study. Bertrand W. F. Goumbri wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Sabine Danthine proofread the manuscript. Sabine Danthine, Roland Marini Djang’eing’a, Touridomon Issa Somé, Rasmané Semdé and Ange Mouithys-Mickalad supervised the study. Abdoul Karim Sakira and Gérard B. Josias Yaméogo analyzed the chromatography data. All authors contributed to and approved the final draft of the manuscript. Funding: No funding was obtained for this study. Competing Interests: Author Bertrand W. F. Goumbri has received on field research support and scholarship from ARES-CCD. No financial interests for all authors. 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Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of optimized and traditional shea butters from Côte d’Ivoire. African Journal of Biochemistry Research , 1 (4), 41–47. http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBR Momeny, E., Vafaei, N., & Ramli, N. (2013). Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of a synthetic cocoa butter equivalent obtained through modification of mango seed oil. International Journal of Food Science and Technology , 48 (7), 1549–1555. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12125 Morin, O., & Pagès-Xatart-Parès, X. (2012). Huiles et corps gras végétaux : Ressources fonctionnelles et intérêt nutritionnel. OCL - Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides , 19 (2), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1684/ocl.2012.0446 Nahm, H. S., Juliani, H. R., & Simon, J. E. (2013). Quality characteristics of shea butter, Vitellaria paradoxa. In African Natural Plant Products Volume II: Discoveries and Challenges in Chemistry, Health, and Nutrition (ACS Sympos., pp. 167–184). Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2013-1127.ch012 Omar M Almrhag, & Abookleesh, F. L. (2016). Evaluation of Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oils during Deep Frying. The Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing , 2 (2), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.o15216 Pagliarini, E., Vernile, M., & Peri, C. (1990). Kinetic Study on Color Changes in Milk Due to Heat. Journal of Food Science , 55 (6), 1766–1767. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb03625.x Peter Lovett. (2004). The shea butter value chain: Production, transformation and marketing in west Africa . West Africa Trade Hub Technical Report No. 2 . Retrieved from www.hubrural.org/The-shea-butter-value-chain,4240.htm Peter Lovett, Miller, E., Mensah, P., Adams, V., & Kannenberg, C. (2006). Guide à l’exportation du beurre de karité . West Africa Trade Hub . www.watradehub.com Saussey, M. (2011). Le barattage des savoirs. Circulations des ressources et apprentissages des artisanes burkinabè dans un contexte de mondialisation. Revue d’anthropologie des connaissances , 5 (3), 551–572. https://doi.org/10.3917/rac.014.0551 Stübiger, G., Werther, W., & Krist, S. (2015). Characterization of Shea Butter Using a Combination of MALDI-TOFMS, SPME-GC-MS and Multivariate Data Analysis. Current Bioactive Compounds , 11 (1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.2174/157340721101150804130232 Symoniuk, E., Wroniak, M., Napiórkowska, K., Brzezińska, R., & Ratusz, K. (2022). Oxidative Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Cold-Pressed Oils and Oils Mixtures. Foods , 11 (1597), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111597 Tan, C. P., & Che Man, Y. B. (1999). Differential scanning calorimetric analysis for monitoring the oxidation of heated oils. Food Chemistry , 67 (2), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00115-6 Vincenzo, D. Di, Maranz, S., Serraiocco, A., Vito, R., Wiesman, Z., & Bianchi, G. (2005). Regional variation in shea butter lipid and triterpene composition in four African countries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 53 (19), 7473–7479. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0509759 Womeni, H. M., Ndjouenkeu, R., Kapseu, C., Mbiapo, F. T., Parmentier, M., & Fanni, J. (2007). Séchage des amandes de karité et qualité du beurre: impact du séchage traditionnel au soleil. Tropicultura , 25 (4), 240–247. Zhang, Z., Ma, X., Huang, H., & Wang, Y. (2017). Shea olein based specialty fats: Preparation, characterization and potential application. LWT - Food Science and Technology , 86 , 492–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.08.035 Table 1 Table 1 is available in the Supplementary Files section. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Table1.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4018621","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":276937543,"identity":"f35a6383-77b5-483d-ac5f-d60cc5ae1610","order_by":0,"name":"Bertrand W. F. Goumbri","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABEElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAyjN2CDBwHAYxOIHEQkFeLUwNqBokQRxEwyI1MIMFjmAbDsWYM7e+/xxRc0d2Qbp3oeHCyruyRufX5344YEBgzy/2AGsWix7jhs2njn2zLhB5rjB4Rlnig233Xi7WQLoMMOZsxOwO+xGGmNjA9vhxAaJNIbDvG0JjNtunN0A0pJgcBuHlvvPgFr+wbT8S7DfPOPs5h94tdxgY2xsbINpaUhI3MDfuw2vLZY9aYwzG/sOG7fJHGM4PONYQvKMG7zbLBIMJHD6xZz9GMPHhm+HZful25g/F9Qk2Pb3n91880eFjTy/NHYtcMAGZ0mAVUrgV44K+A+QonoUjIJRMApGAAAAo09m/XDnnN8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bertrand","middleName":"W. F.","lastName":"Goumbri","suffix":""},{"id":276937544,"identity":"bd2829d8-669b-4c66-9ac4-23b282ce6eb7","order_by":1,"name":"Roland Marini Djang’eing’a","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Liège","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Roland","middleName":"Marini","lastName":"Djang’eing’a","suffix":""},{"id":276937545,"identity":"7d6166ae-451e-4394-8443-d103084c72fa","order_by":2,"name":"Rasmané Semdé","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rasmané","middleName":"","lastName":"Semdé","suffix":""},{"id":276937546,"identity":"decbe2e0-19e0-4191-8312-b6b6374452a1","order_by":3,"name":"Ange Mouithys-Mickalad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Liège","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ange","middleName":"","lastName":"Mouithys-Mickalad","suffix":""},{"id":276937547,"identity":"b75eb7fc-bbb6-444b-80dd-0f8883dbd3cb","order_by":4,"name":"Abdoul Karim Sakira","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdoul","middleName":"Karim","lastName":"Sakira","suffix":""},{"id":276937548,"identity":"96b05320-04a8-479b-b79d-c12eb802f9c0","order_by":5,"name":"Gérard B. Josias Yaméogo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gérard","middleName":"B. Josias","lastName":"Yaméogo","suffix":""},{"id":276937549,"identity":"a4ba77e0-7bf0-41e8-a82d-3f63f4703bcb","order_by":6,"name":"Touridomon Issa Somé","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Liège","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Touridomon","middleName":"Issa","lastName":"Somé","suffix":""},{"id":276937550,"identity":"d23b5e4e-5528-4ee8-bb86-8980c92a3aa9","order_by":7,"name":"Sabine Danthine","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Liège","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sabine","middleName":"","lastName":"Danthine","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-03-05 21:15:12","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4018621/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4018621/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":52405820,"identity":"b13976ac-96f4-4ff2-8cf2-09748c7d4f03","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-11 09:26:09","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":225683,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMapping of the shea butter collection\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4018621/v1/335b13f9c7f1cc80d159dc48.png"},{"id":52405818,"identity":"9cd9f5b0-df19-403e-807a-504345f572ad","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-11 09:26:09","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":194508,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSolid fat content profiles of all crude shea butter samples obtained by \u003cem\u003ep-NMR\u003c/em\u003e with non-tempered serial method \u003cstrong\u003eA)\u003c/strong\u003e, and tempered serial method \u003cstrong\u003eB)\u003c/strong\u003e. Samples with the highest and the lowest SFC profile according tempered and non-tempered methods are presented in \u003cstrong\u003eC)\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003e1:\u003c/strong\u003e Oubr\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e tempered serial method; \u003cstrong\u003e2:\u003c/strong\u003e Houe\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e tempered serial method; \u003cstrong\u003e3:\u003c/strong\u003e Como\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e non-tempered serial method; \u003cstrong\u003e4:\u003c/strong\u003e Houe\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e non-tempered serial method\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4018621/v1/a8f84071678f51f3dc754c73.png"},{"id":52405822,"identity":"dc092538-1216-4d58-b6de-8b6fc882dec7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-11 09:26:10","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":261608,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDiversity of crystallization profiles of some crude shea butter among the 37 ones obtained by DSC based on their similarities: crystallization profiles 1 (\u003cstrong\u003eA-B\u003c/strong\u003e); crystallization profiles 2 (\u003cstrong\u003eC-D\u003c/strong\u003e); and crystallization profiles 3 (\u003cstrong\u003eE\u003c/strong\u003e) were identified. Typical crystallization thermal behavior were plotted in \u003cstrong\u003eF-H\u003c/strong\u003e respectively for profiles 1, 3 and 2, with the transition temperatures: c1, c2, c3= TPeak, c4= TOnset, and c’ only for samples from profile 3\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4018621/v1/3a25eef638528f95d928e740.png"},{"id":52405824,"identity":"d526c567-d1e6-45b1-acac-0e26e457cf82","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-11 09:26:10","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":280418,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDiversity of melting profiles of some crude shea butter among the 37 ones obtained by DSC based on their enthalpy ratio ΔHf = Hf2/Hf3. Melting profiles 1 (ΔHf \u0026lt; 1.00), 2 (ΔHf \u0026lt; 1.50), and 3 (ΔHf \u0026gt; 1.50) were illustrated in plots \u003cstrong\u003eA to C, D, and E\u003c/strong\u003e respectively. Typical melting thermal behavior were plotted in F-H respectively for profiles 1, 2 and 3, highlighted transition temperatures (h1, h2= TOnset, h3= TPeak, and h4= TEnd) and the enthalpy Hf (J/g), estimated\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4018621/v1/e40db44a3ee3a5867209d1bc.png"},{"id":52405825,"identity":"a8c7db21-c999-4434-b3be-329593581ab2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-11 09:26:10","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":166637,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA)\u003c/strong\u003e Loading and score plots of PC1-PC2, “Variables-PCA”. \u003cstrong\u003eB)\u003c/strong\u003e Ascending hierarchical classification “Individuals-PCA” of the individual analysis of crude shea butter from Burkina Faso. The labeled individuals are those with the higher contribution to the plane construction. Results were recorded according chemical selected parameters and thermal parameters. SFCNT35= SFC at 35°C for non-tempered method; SFCT35= SFC at 35°C for tempered method. Numbers correspond to samples sorted alphabetically, as shown in the Table 2. c1, c2, c3, c4 and c’ are the transition temperatures\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4018621/v1/af1b0c600b35d5e19ec5f7b8.png"},{"id":52465522,"identity":"3d56c192-b046-49f6-bbc9-88581fe7356c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-12 01:37:08","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1881986,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4018621/v1/839df087-42a2-4a01-b04d-41386256c2e1.pdf"},{"id":52405819,"identity":"ced8d702-1282-4d0c-aebe-53a85d474d2c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-11 09:26:09","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":10076329,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table1.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4018621/v1/2bdfd8b884d2f944e52c7fe5.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Quality characteristics and thermal behavior diversity of traditional crude shea (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn) butter from Burkina Faso","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShea (\u003cem\u003eVitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn\u003c/em\u003e) is a tree that grows naturally throughout Sahelo-Sahelian band particularly in areas called \u0026ldquo;shea belt\u0026rdquo; that include Burkina Faso, unlike the \u003cem\u003eV. paradoxa nilotica\u003c/em\u003e subspecies which is present in East Africa (Nahm et al. 2013). The shea belt consists of sixteen African countries, the main producers are Nigeria, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana. The shea area covers 70% of the Burkina Faso (Fran\u0026ccedil;ois et al. 2009) and the shea areas cover 37 of the 45 provinces with Houet (West), Ioba (South-West), Nahouri (South-Central), Kadiogo (Central), and Sissili (Mid-West), representing high shea nuts potential (Badini et al. 2011).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShea kernels are used to extract shea butter (SB). The extraction of SB in Africa, is not standardized yet, and it is usually done manually or semi-mechanized (Goumbri et al. 2021). According to Nahm et al. (2013), SB extraction is done from shea nut collected mostly by African women and they described three methods: West African boiling, West African oven, and East African raw methods. Three major traditional butter processing have been described by Saussey (2011): cooking, churning, and the \"quality\" technique; the latter differs from the others by kernels washing and sorting before processing, double cooking, and crude butter filtering. The qualitative and quantitative composition of SB are related to its origin, the genetic variation, the climatic factors and well as the seasonal variations and extraction processing (Badu and Awudza 2017; Gezahegn et al. 2016; Jatto et al. 2010a; Nahm et al. 2013). Pretreatments factors, such as kernel crushing, nuts, kernels heating temperature and duration are factors with having great impact on butter quality (Bup et al. 2011; Honfo et al. 2013; Maranz and Wiesman 2004).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShea butter has been traditionally used in Africa for many centuries as a source of green energy, in food, body care as well in traditional pharmacopoeia (Saussey 2011). Nowadays, in food sector, SB is used to produce cocoa butter equivalent (CBE) (Jatto et al. 2010b). For the cosmetic industry the great interest of SB is due to its particular high unsaponifiable matter content (UMC) made of triterpenic alcohols, kariten, sterol, tocopherol, phenols, etc\u0026hellip;, and its possible absorption of UV-A and UV-B radiations (Addaquay 2004; Mbaiguinam et al. 2007; Megnanou et al. 2014; Peter Lovett 2004; Peter Lovett et al. 2006). Another interesting property is the antioxidant activity due mostly to phenolic compounds and tocopherols mainly in the unsaponifiable fraction (Alvarez and Rodr\u0026iacute;guez 2000; Morin and Pag\u0026egrave;s-Xatart-Par\u0026egrave;s 2012; Nahm et al. 2013).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShea butter as other vegetable fats is mainly made of triacylglycerols (TAG) 77.7\u0026ndash;92.4%, but the amount of diacylglycerols (DAG) can be quite high 7.6\u0026ndash;22.6% (St\u0026uuml;biger et al. 2015). According to Davrieux et al. (2010), the fatty acids (FA) profile from West African butter was different of those from East Africa butter, respectively with stearic acid (C18:0) values of 40.91% and 29.72%. The high stearic acid content is one of the factors responsible for shea butter's hard consistency, while the oleic acid (C18:1) is responsible for the semi-solid consistency (Maranz and Wiesman 2004; Vincenzo et al. 2005). Unsaponifiable corresponds to a minor fraction of SB but at higher levels than other fats. According to a study performed in Northern Ghana, the unsaponifiable matter content (UMC) of unrefined butter is not related to the extraction process, but to the environmental conditions and the shea trees' genetic material (Abagale et al. 2016). However, optimized SB had high UMC than marketed SB in Ivory Coast, ranged between 17.61% and 1.88% respectively (Megnanou et al. 2007).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe organoleptic characteristics of crude SB from Ivory Coast, such as odor, color and consistency, have been widely reported by Megnanou et al. (2007). Yellow butter was the most common color, accounting for 67.90% of all samples, beige butter represented about 29.5% and grey butter about 2.5%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms and solid fat content (SFC) by \u003cem\u003ep-NMR\u003c/em\u003e, are physical methods providing data of fats and oils regarding their properties, which are important for their functionality and application (Tan and Che Man 1999).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study was to establish a comparative analysis of thermal behavior determined by SFC and DSC of traditional crude shea butter from Burkina Faso, related to regional variation, physicochemical quality, and difference in extraction processes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1. Biological material and chemicals\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eBiological material\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThirty-seven (37) samples of fresh crude SB were collected directly from local producers in Burkina Faso. Samples (1 kg of butter per producer) were collected in different areas of Burkina Faso with all the information regarding the extraction processes. The Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e present the provinces of the collection area (in green).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eChemicals\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalytical grade solvents, standards and reagents were used to perform the analyses. Isooctane and petroleum ether were from Carlo Erba (Paris, France); ethyl alcohol 95%, diethyl ether, potassium hydroxide, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide and sodium dodecyl sulfate, were purchased from VWR Prolabo Chemicals (Leuven, Belgium). Sodium thiosulfate, sodium chloride, n-heptane and standards such as Wijs solution were provided from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Boron trifluoride-methanol solution (BF3-MeOH 14%) was provided by Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2. Methods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2.1. Chemical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eDetermination of chemical indexes\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe official methods and recommended practices of the (AOCS Official methods 2009) were applied to determine the iodine value (IV) by Wijs: AOCS Tg 1a-64; and IV by GC from FA composition: (AOCS Cd 1c-85), and peroxide value (PV) (Cd 8b-90 2009). The unsaponifiable matter content (AOCS Ca 6b 53), the specific extinction (Kλ at 232 nm and 268 nm; AOCS Ch 5\u0026ndash;91) and the variation of the specific extinction (ΔK) were performed according to AOCS Official methods (2009). Specific extinction and the ΔK were determined using an Agilent 8453 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Victoria, USA). The acid value (AV) was determined according (IUPAC 2.201 1992) and the free fatty acid content (FFA) was calculated as oleic acid according to (AOCS Ca 5a-40).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eShea butter fatty acids profile determination\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGas chromatography (Agilent 6890 GC, USA), equipped with flame ionization detector (GC-FID, USA) was used to determine the FA profile. Firstly, fatty acids methyl ester (FAME; AOCS Ce2-66) was prepared following (AOCS Official methods 2009). Shea butter (100\u0026ndash;250 mg) was diluted in 4mL of NaOH 0.5M. Then, 5mL of BF3-MeOH 14% was added through the condenser, before adding 4mL of n-heptane in mixture and boil along 1min. Afterwards, 20mL of saturated NaCl was added, and then shaken vigorously for 30 sec. Then, 1mL of the top layer solution (FAME), was collected mix to n-heptane at a final concentration 1/10, according to the optimized protocol of AOCS Ce 1\u0026ndash;62. The GC analytical conditions were as follow:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapillary column DB-23 (60 m x 0.25 mm i.d. x 0.25 \u0026micro;m film thickness) - Carrier gas was nitrogen - Split flow at 86.3 mL/min - Temperatures were: 300\u0026deg;C for detector, 260\u0026deg;C for injector, and 270\u0026deg;C for column temperature. For FA identification, FAME Mix Supelco 37 Component, purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany) was used as standards.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2.2. Physical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eColor and yellow index (YI) assessment\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo forms of SB were subjected to color assessment according CIE Lab colour system (L*a*b*) using a colorimeter (Color Flex, HunterLab EZ model 45/0 LAV; Kruikebe associates laboratory, Elscolab, Belgium). At first, the raw material collected was used as such without prior treatment. Before reading, the butter was stored in a refrigerator at +/- 4\u0026deg;C and maintained at room temperature for approximately 30 min. Then, each sample was melted in an oven and keep at +\u0026thinsp;40\u0026deg;C before analysis to obtain liquid form. Sample was transferred to a glass cell, and color measurements were performed at different points of each disk according Lovibond color system L* (white to black) a* (red to green) b* (yellow to blue). Yellow index determination was optimized according to Pagliarini et al. (1990) for solid and liquid SB, and value was calculated according Eq.\u0026nbsp;(1) as follow:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eYellowness Index\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;142,86 b/L (1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith b\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;color yellow to blue value; L\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;color white to black value\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eDetermination of solid fat content by\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ep-NMR\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShea butter SFC determination was performed according to the (IUPAC 2.150) a) non-tempered and b) tempered serial methods (IUPAC 1987) using a pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (\u003cem\u003ep-NMR\u003c/em\u003e) spectrometer (Minispec-mq20, Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany). Analyses were done in duplicate per sample and values were recorded as the mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eThermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDSC analyze were performed according to the (AOCS Cj 1\u0026ndash;94) method (AOCS Official methods 2009), using a TA DSC Q2000, (TA instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) equipped with a refrigerated cooling system. Sample was weighted between 4 and 6 mg and hermetically sealed in Tzero aluminium pan. An empty pan was used as a reference. The following characteristics were determined: fusion profile, crystallization profile, and enthalpy of fusion. Universal TA Analysis V4.5A, TA Instruments was used to integrate DSC curves.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2.3. Statistical analyses\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eData are expressed as mean with the corresponding standard deviation. Analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of extraction processes on the SB quality characteristics. Software RStudio (version 2023.06.1; Free Software Foundation, Inc) was used to performed multivariate analyzes, then principal components analysis (PCA) and clustering were used to classify crude SB according to their extraction processes, origin and physicochemical properties. The relationships between DSC thermogram and standard chemical characteristics were determined by Pearson's correlation analysis using software RStudio.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.1. Shea butter extraction processes in Burkina Faso\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShea butter extraction processes in Africa could be summarized in 6 steps (Goumbri et al. 2021): (\u003cem\u003ei\u003c/em\u003e) fruits getting - (\u003cem\u003eii\u003c/em\u003e) fruits pretreatment - (\u003cem\u003eiii\u003c/em\u003e) nuts pretreatment - (\u003cem\u003eiv\u003c/em\u003e) kernels pretreatment - (\u003cem\u003ev\u003c/em\u003e) paste treatment - and (v\u003cem\u003ei\u003c/em\u003e) emulsion/butter treatment. The major steps of the extraction process applied for the 37 investigated samples from Burkina Faso are shown in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e which highlighted six major steps: (\u003cem\u003ea\u003c/em\u003e) fruits post-harvesting and pre-treatment - (\u003cem\u003eb\u003c/em\u003e) nuts pre-treatment - (\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e) kernels treatment - (\u003cem\u003ed\u003c/em\u003e) paste processing - (\u003cem\u003ee\u003c/em\u003e) emulsion treatment - and (\u003cem\u003ef\u003c/em\u003e) end of extraction. In general, the SB production steps in Burkina Faso \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003eTable \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e are not different from those previously defined by Goumbri et al. (2021). Semi-mechanized extraction involves equipment such as solar dryer or oven dryer for nuts and kernels treatment; crusher, roaster and grinder for kernels treatment; mixer system, churning machine, solar dryer and semi-mechanical oven; mixer, cooking oven, and vacuum filter for emulsion treatment. A closed semi-mechanized system is necessary to do hot packaging of butter. Investigated samples are described in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, according to butter origin and type of extraction processes.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistribution of shea butter samples collected in Burkina Faso based on their locality and various extraction processes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProvince\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLocality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eType of extraction process\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMidwest\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBoulkiemd\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoumlela\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBoul\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSissili\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBoura\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSiss\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNuts soaking-Oven drying\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSissili\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u0026eacute;o\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSiss\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSangui\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u0026eacute;o\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSang\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSouth West\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIoba\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDano\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIoba\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePaste boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIoba\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoumbiel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLegmoin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNoum\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCenter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadiogo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOuagadougou\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKadi\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(a)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnknow process\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnknow process\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(a)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnknow process\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnknow process\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(a)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnknow process\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnknow process\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(a)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnknow process\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnknow process\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCascades\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBanfora\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eComo\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBanfora\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBanfora\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eComo\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoumoudara\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCenter-South\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaz\u0026egrave;ga\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiamkit\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBaze\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNahouri\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u0026ocirc;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNaho\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNahouri\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u0026ocirc;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNaho\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNahouri\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u0026ocirc;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNaho\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"7\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper-Basin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHouet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBobo-Dioulasso\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHoue\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHouet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBobo-Dioulasso\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHoue\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHouet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP\u0026eacute;ni\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHouet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eToussiana\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK\u0026eacute;n\u0026eacute;dougou\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrodara\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKene\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHouet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBobo-Dioulasso\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHoue\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e5\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePaste boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(a)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnknow process\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnknow process\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCentral Plateau\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOubritenga\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eZiniar\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOubr\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCenter-East\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoulp\u0026eacute;logo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOuargaye\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoul\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBoulgou\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTenkodogo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBoulg\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoulp\u0026eacute;logo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOuargaye\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoul\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNorth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYatenga\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOuahigouya\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYate\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNuts soaking-Sun drying-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePaste boiling-No churning\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGourma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFada N\u0026apos;Gourma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGour\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003e(b)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChurning-Emulsion boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKomondjari\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGay\u0026eacute;ri\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKomo\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePaste boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMouhoun Loop\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMouhoun\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMassala\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMouh\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNuts soaking-Oven drying\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNayala\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eToma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaya\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNuts soaking-Oven drying \u0026ndash;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePaste boiling\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProcess5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003e(\u003cem\u003ea\u003c/em\u003e): Samples collected without knowing the type of extraction process; (\u003cem\u003eb\u003c/em\u003e): semi-mechanized process. Samples numbers have been assigned in alphabetical order\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.2. Quality characteristics and fatty acids determination\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.2.1. Quality characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResults of the chemical characterizations of the 37 samples are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. Analyzes were statistically performed at 95% confidence levels. The free fatty acids (FFA) content, calculated as oleic acid content is one of the important quality indicators. It ranged from 1.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1% to 9.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1%. Sample Yate\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e from process4 (no churning step, no double cooking of the emulsion, and no filtering of the emulsion) had the highest FFA content, unlike samples of process1 which had the lowest content. These results are similar to values reported for samples from Ghana and Benin (Honfo et al. 2014; Nahm et al. 2013). The boiling of kernels in water could lead to the breakdown of TAG responsible for the formation of FFA, and uncontrolled cooking conditions could be responsible for the high levels measured in some samples. An uncontrolled and non-standardized extraction technique could be responsible for high FFA content in some samples.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBy applying Wijs method, the IV obtained were ranged from 54.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7 to 65.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3 gI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/100g and were all within specification established by F.A.O (2017) [30\u0026ndash;75 gI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/100g]. The IV is directly related to the degree of the oil unsaturation. Regarding crude SB, IV\u003csub\u003eWijs\u003c/sub\u003e is slightly higher than IV\u003csub\u003eGC\u003c/sub\u003e, due to the presence of kariten. This latter has a significant effect on the IV content, hence the necessity to calculated it according FA composition (IV\u003csub\u003eGC\u003c/sub\u003e, shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). IV\u003csub\u003eGC\u003c/sub\u003e ranged between 50.5 to 64.2 gI\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/100g.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeroxide value ranged between 4.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1 to 44.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2 meqO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/kg. According to F.A.O (2017), among the 37 samples, only 10 were grade 1\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e [11\u0026ndash;15 meqO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/kg], and indicated for cosmetic and food uses. Samples with PV content greater than 15 meqO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/kg indicate poor-quality. In contrast, 9 samples were suitable for grade 1\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e (content less than 10 meqO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/kg) and indicated for direct consumption (F.A.O 2017). These butters are also suitable for the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Samples with unknow process had the lowest value, and sample from process5 (Naya\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) had the highest value, followed by samples Como\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e (process1) and Mouh\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e (process3). Regarding nuts treatment, process5 is characterized by nuts sorting and washing before sun-drying followed by oven-drying. Then, kernels were oven-drying before crushing.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpecific extinction K\u0026lambda; at 232 nm measurement provides information about conjugated FA dienes and primary oxidation products content in the oil. The K\u0026lambda; at 268 nm provided data about conjugated trienes and secondary oxidation products. The ultraviolet absorbance data provide oxidation products content in oils (Karoui et al. 2020; Omar M Almrhag and Abookleesh 2016; Symoniuk et al. 2022). Results of K\u0026lambda; at 232 nm and K\u0026lambda; at 268 nm ranged from 0.61 to 1.34, and 2.92 to 5.69 respectively. Regarding \u0026Delta;K, these values ranged from 0.08 to 0.20. Regarding K\u0026lambda; at 232 and 268 nm, and the \u0026Delta;K, specifications were established regarding some fats and oils, such as olive oil and olive-pomace oil by Conseil Ol\u0026eacute;icole International (2018). However, no specification is available for SB.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe UMC ranged from 3.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0 to 12.0%\u0026plusmn;0.1%. All samples were in the specification established by F.A.O (2017). Our results seem to corroborate those from (Abagale et al. 2016), who found UMC from 5.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04% to 7.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02% in samples from Ghana. Other tendencies were found by Megnanou and Niamke (2015) with higher UMC from beige and yellow SB, 17.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1% and 17.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1%, respectively. Unsaponifiable matter content does not dependent on extraction processing, but rather on the environment in which the shea tree grew and the individual genetic makeup of the trees (Abagale et al. 2016).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKernels thickness more than 10 mm, and sun-dried more than 5 days, gave higher PV according to the study established in Cameroon (Womeni et al. 2007). Kernels crushing enhances moisture evaporation, resulting in more acidity and lower UMC, triterpenic alcohols and sterols, due to an increasing contact surface area between enzymes and substrates. A prolonged sun exposure of the kernels leads to the formation of peroxides destabilizing the compounds with high melting point and poor stability.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"char\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChemical characteristics of crude shea butter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeroxide value (meqO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree Fatty Acids (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIodine value by Wijs (g/100g)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIodine value by GC (g/100g)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnsaponifiable matter content (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK\u003csub\u003e\u0026lambda;232 nm\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK\u003csub\u003e\u0026lambda;268 nm\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;K\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaze\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.759\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.004\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBoul\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.057\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,440\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.082\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBoulg\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.835\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.222\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.740\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.431\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.099\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.612\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.916\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.084\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.828\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.042\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.623\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.051\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.090\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.111\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGour\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.810\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.845\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.077\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.821\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.186\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.970\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.136\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.769\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.137\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.064\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.783\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.030\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.305\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.083\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.182\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.028\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.874\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.074\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.570\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.097\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIoba\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.719\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.785\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIoba\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.672\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.669\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.645\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.500\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.067\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.227\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.384\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.085\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.941\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.200\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.031\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.244\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.685\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.040\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.201\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.131\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.193\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.534\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.204\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.188\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.037\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.480\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.149\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKene\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.751\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.070\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.034\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKomo\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.765\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.745\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoul\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.012\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.027\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.699\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.136\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoul\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.797\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.088\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMouh\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.998\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.037\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.652\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaho\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.024\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.352\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.094\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaho\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.911\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.155\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.118\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaho\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.337\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.776\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaya\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.938\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.045\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.384\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.127\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoum\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.677\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.040\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.392\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.097\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOubr\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.093\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.567\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSang\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.823\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.078\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.910\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.036\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSiss\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.213\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.802\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.031\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.136\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSiss\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.794\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.065\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.831\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.078\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYate\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.775\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.712\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnalyses were done in triplicate per sample and values were recorded as the mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.2.2. Crude shea butter fatty acids profile\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResults of FA determination is shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. Stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were the main FA, which values ranged from 33.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1% to 47.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2% and from 40.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2% to 51.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1%, respectively. Linoleic acid (C18:2) was the main polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), it ranged from 5.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1 to 8.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1%. Results obtained for stearic, oleic and linoleic acids were close to those reported by Badu et al. 2018; Biswas et al. 2017; F.A.O 2017; Zhang et al. (2017). Gadoleic acid helps to protect the skin against the effects of oxidation. Its presence at levels of around 1% improves butter stability. It has been found in traces in shea kernels (Lovett 2015). Sample Houe\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e, from process1 (obtained by nuts boiling and sun-drying, kernels roasting, paste milling and churning, and emulsion washing then boiling) had the lowest C18:0 value, and the highest value for palmitic and linoleic acids. However, samples from process1 (Kadi\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) and process3 (Siss\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) had the lowest values for palmitic acid and linoleic acid, respectively. Extractions steps of theses samples (double-boiling of emulsion) differing from those of sample Houe\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e. Three samples obtained by process1 (Como\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e, Kadi\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e and Siss\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) had the highest values for stearic acid. Linoleic acid was reported as the main FA, ranging from 57,8 to 68,0%, followed by stearic acid, 22.5\u0026ndash;28.9% in Uganda (East Africa) (Nahm et al. 2013). This is most probably due to the different sub-species: \u003cem\u003eVittelaria paradoxa nilotica\u003c/em\u003e, is the sub-specie which growth in East Africa, unlike \u003cem\u003eV. paradoxa paradoxa\u003c/em\u003e in West Africa. These results were similar to values obtained at the north of Benin (Allal et al. 2013). Due to the high content of the saturated-unsaturated-saturated triacylglycerols of SB, which is similar to cocoa butter (CB), SB is suitable for use as cocoa butter equivalent (CBE) in food industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.3. Physical characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.3.1. Shea butter color and yellowness index\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eColor values determined to Lovibond color (L*, a*, b*) system are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e. Results of solid form showed that two samples obtained by process1 (Gour\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) and process2 (Komo\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e), had the higher Lightness (L*) values: 82.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1 and 81.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1 respectively. These samples were from the East. Samples with lower L* value were Houe\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e (process1) and Naya\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e (process5) were from Upper-Basin and Mouhoun Loop, respectively. Sample Naya\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e is obtained by settling, and is not filtered, unlike the other investigated samples this could explain the difference observed. According to a study performed in Ivory-Coast, artisanal SB collected exhibited white, beige and yellow color (Megnanou et al. 2014). These results shown L* value ranging from 63.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.15 and 68.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58, for yellow \u0026ldquo;market\u0026rdquo; and yellow \u0026ldquo;original\u0026rdquo; butter. Yellow color is related to carotenoids content. Shea butter L* (brightness) color decreased according storage duration and type of container (Honfo et al. 2011). Our results shown that melted samples were less shiny than no melted ones, with an average ratio around 0.78. The ratio between melted and solid form for Naya\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e was lower, 0.65 and this could be explained by the fact that the butter is not filtered. Butter filtration prior to packaging could help to remove some dissolved impurities, increasing butter brightness.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProfile of the major fatty acids of crude shea butter samples collected in Burkina Faso\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePalmitic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(C16:0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStearic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(C18:0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOleic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(C18:1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLinoleic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(C18:2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGadoleic acid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(C20:1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaze\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBoul\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBoulg\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGour\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIoba\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIoba\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKene\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKomo\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoul\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoul\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMouh\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaho\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaho\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaho\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaya\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoum\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOubr\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSang\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSiss\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSiss\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYate\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnalyses were done in triplicate per sample and values were recorded as the mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn case of solid and liquid SB obtained by traditional extraction processes, YI could provide additional information related to color changes caused by poor quality storage. Results showed that the YI of melted butter were greater than those of solid form. An average ratio around 1.2 was found for all samples, with some values ranging from 0.7 (Houe\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e) to 2.5 (for Naya\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e). Naya\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e had lowest L* value and this can be related to its obtention process, which is characterized by the lack of filtration of the emulsion and butter before packaging (see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"char\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"char\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCrude and melted shea butter color (L*, a*, b*) system and yellow index\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL* (Crude)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL* (Melted)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ea*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Crude)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ea* (Melted)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eb*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Crude)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eb* (Melted)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYI (Crude)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYI (Melted)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaze\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBoul\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBoulg\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGour\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIoba\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIoba\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKene\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKomo\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoul\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoul\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMouh\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaho\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaho\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaho\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaya\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e128.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoum\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOubr\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSang\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSiss\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSiss\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYate\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnalyses were done in triplicate per sample and values were recorded as the mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.3.2. Shea butter solid fat content\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe SFC profiles of all the crude SB samples as measured by \u003cem\u003epulsed NMR\u003c/em\u003e are shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e(tempered B and non-tempered A methods)\u003c/strong\u003e. The 37 samples were diversely distributed according to their origin and the extraction process used.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConsidering the profile obtained by the non-tempered serial method \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003eFig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eA and \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eC\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e, samples Houe\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e and Kene\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e presented the lowest SFC profiles. They presented also the lowest stearic acid content (see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) whereas the oleic acid and IV\u003csub\u003eGC\u003c/sub\u003e contents were among the highest (see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Sample Kene\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e had a lower UMC (3.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0%). Samples Houe\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e (process2) and Kene\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e (process1) were collected in the same locality (Upper-Bassin region), and the butter were extracted using semi-mechanized materials, as shown in the Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, but with different extraction processes. Both processes differ in terms of paste treatment. For Houe\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e, the paste was not boiled, and the resulting raw butter was not kneaded before packaging \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSamples Oubr\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e and Ioba\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e which were from different origin (Central plateau and South west), but same extraction process (process1) showed a higher SFC profile compared to the others. Their butter were extracted by non-semi-mechanized method. Stearic acid content of these samples were among the highest, around 45.0%. A higher stearic acid content increased the SFC profile, particularly in the range 20 to 35\u0026deg;C. The oleic acid content of these samples was about 44.0%, closer to the lowest content found this study (41.0% for sample Siss\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e). Their IV\u003csub\u003eGC\u003c/sub\u003e and FFA were also close to lower value, respectively 53.0g/100g and 2.0-2.1%. At 40\u0026deg;C, all the samples were almost completely melted except sample Gour\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e for which 2.7% of solid was measured at 40\u0026deg;C it was collected in the East region. Their extraction processes were similar to Kene\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e and Houe\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e. Results showed that the paste treatment, and UMC seems to have no effect on SFC profile. But for non-tempered serial method, semi-mechanized materials used to extract butter, seems to produce lowers SFC profiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSimilar to information observed for non-tempered method, sample Houe\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003eFig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eB\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e exhibited a lower SFC at 20 and 25\u0026deg;C. However, at 30\u0026deg;C, the sample Houe\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e with the lowest stearic acid content (33.9%), the highest oleic acid content (51.0%), and the highest IV\u003csub\u003eGC\u003c/sub\u003e (64.2 g/100g), exhibited the lowest SFC value (5.5%).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThese results were similar to those obtained by non-tempered serial method. Likewise, sample Houe\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e was collected (process\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) in the same region (Upper-Bassin) than Houe\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e and Kene\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e, but using traditional materials to extract butter, differently from the last two. For tempered serial method, semi-mechanized practice seems to have no effect on SFC value. However, sample from Upper-Bassin had he lower SFC value which could explain by the edaphic and/or the genetic factors for shea fruits. The highest SFC values were observed for sample Como\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e. Regarding its extraction process, the emulsion was obtained by double cooking, which differed to those of Oubr\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e and Ioba\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e as we described earlier. Extraction was done only using non-semi-mechanized method. As expected, the results of the tempered and non-tempered profiles showed that SB requires special pretreatment, which is recommended for highly polymorphic fats like CB and CBE. The tempered serials methods will enhance polymorphic transition.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.3.3. Shea butter thermal behavior by DSC\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCrystallization \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003eFig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eA-C\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e and melting \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003eFig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eE-G\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e thermal behavior of all samples were analyzed by DSC. This allowed to highlight the great diversity among the thermal behavior of crude SB extracted by various processes from different regions in Burkina Faso.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegarding crystallization behavior, a classification was done according to the plot similarities. Three different main profiles, 1, 2 and 3 were identified as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. Four transition temperatures were generally observed c1, c2, c3 (TPeak), and c4 (TOnset), as illustrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eF-H. Crystallization profile 1 differed from the other profiles by the shape of the curve at TOnset \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003eFig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eA-B\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e. All the extractions processes illustrated in Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, were found in this profile. Analysis showed that profile 1 has higher transitions temperatures c4 (TOnset) range between 17.7 to 22.4\u0026deg;C. This could be explained by the high level of C18:0, previously mentioned. It was not possible to link the thermal behavior to the extraction process. Regarding sample origin, only two regions, Cascades and Central plateau were not included. Samples showing profile 1 were characterized by the highest levels of stearic acid, and the lowest levels of oleic acid ranging between 42.6\u0026ndash;47.2% and 40.8\u0026ndash;45.3% respectively. It is worth to mention that besides the difference FA profile, these samples possess the FFA and PV among the highest between 9.7% and 9.8-44.5meqO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/kg. Unsaponifiable matter content were diversely distributed in samples from profile A, include the lowest (3.0%) and highest value (12.0%). Crystallization profile 2 \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003eFig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eC-D\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e exhibited many samples which were different from profile 1 in the shape of the peak at c4. Regarding profile 3, their samples differed to others samples by the shape of the curve in c\u0026rsquo;, highlighted in the Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eE \u003cstrong\u003eand G\u003c/strong\u003e. Four regions, among the eleven were identified in this section, with two extraction processes (process1 and unknow process) and correspond to the samples with lowest stearic acid content and highest oleic acid content, respectively 33.9\u0026ndash;43.3%, 44.8\u0026ndash;51.0% contrary to profile type 1 and IV\u003csub\u003eGC\u003c/sub\u003e higher values 54.3-64.2g/100g. Profile 3 was characterized by specific transitions temperatures c\u0026rsquo; (15.1 to 16.3\u0026deg;C), identified between c3 and c4. The transitions temperatures c4 were lower than others c4, and ranged between (16.0-17.9\u0026deg;C).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRegarding the melting profiles \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e, three different parameters were measured by integration: melting enthalpy (Hf) of the first three peaks, Hf1, Hf2, Hf3 (J/g) and the total melting enthalpy (J/g). Hf were calculated based the area below the curve and the thermogram baselines (Momeny et al. 2013). Then, some ratio of enthalpy \u0026Delta;Hf, were calculated (\u0026Delta;Hf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Hf2/Hf3) in order to classify profiles. It can be noticed that \u0026Delta;Hf ranged between [0.51\u0026ndash;0.95 J/g], [1.01\u0026ndash;1.47 J/g], and [1.51\u0026ndash;4.34 J/g], as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e. Based on this classification, 3 different profiles were founded: profile 1 \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003eFig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eA-C\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e, profile 2 \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003eFig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eD\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e, and profile 3 \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003eFig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eE\u003cstrong\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e. Overlapping analysis for thermal behavior shown 4 endothermal peaks: h1, h2 (TOnset), h3 (TPeak) and h4 (TEnd), illustrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eF-H, highlighted typical enthalpy of fusion resulting from samples Sang\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e, Como\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e and Como\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe classification of the Samples from melting profiles was different to the one based on the crystallization profiles. This could be explained by the mode of classification applied, according plots similarities for crystallization, and enthalpy for fusion. First, melting profile 1, ie \u0026Delta;Hf\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1.00 included the great majority of samples with all the extraction processes shown in the Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, as well as all the origin except the Cascades region. This profile was made up of the samples with min and max values of FFA 1.0-9.7%, and PV 4.6-44.5meqO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/kg. Transitions temperatures, TPeak and TEnd ranged between 12.1\u0026ndash;14.3\u0026deg;C, to 25.0-29.3\u0026deg;C respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTransitions temperatures varied slightly between samples. Likewise, total enthalpy required to melt crystals were 66.7 to 72.5 J/g. Then, melting profile 2, ie \u0026Delta;Hf\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1.50, only process1 and one of unknow process were included. At the end, melting profile 3, ie \u0026Delta;Hf\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1.50, process1, process2 and unknow process were represented, closed to profile 2. Regarding these two profiles, FA content and quality parameters were diversly distributed. Their transitions temperatures TPeak and TEnd were closer and varied slightly. However, profile 3 required in general more total enthalpy than profile 1, ranged respectively between 66.2\u0026ndash;76.3 J/g and 63.6\u0026ndash;71.0 J/g.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResults showed the great diversity of thermal behavior for crude SB from Burkina Faso, regardless of the process and the origin. The crystallization thermal behavior is related to FA content, and chemical parameters, as IV\u003csub\u003eGC\u003c/sub\u003e, FFA, and UMC. Furthermore, more statistical analyzes were performed to establish comparative analysis between chemical and thermal behavior related to process.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTransition temperature of melting and crystallization of crude shea butter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMelting characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"5\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCrystallization characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH\u003cem\u003ef\u003c/em\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH\u003cem\u003ef\u003c/em\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH\u003cem\u003ef\u003c/em\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal H\u003cem\u003ef\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;H\u003cem\u003ef\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaze\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBoul\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBoulg\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComo\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGour\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHoue\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIoba\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIoba\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKadi\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKene\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKomo\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoul\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKoul\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMouh\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaho\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaho\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaho\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNaya\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNoum\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOubr\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSang\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSiss\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSiss\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYate\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnalyses were done in triplicate per sample and values were recorded as the mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.4. Multivariate analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe influence of the investigated quality parameters on the thermal behavior of crude SB was performed by Pearson correlation test, at \u0026alpha;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05, and principal component analysis (PCA) which aimed to determine variables which significantly impact the principal components (PC) selected, extracts and stores the most important data. Only variables which significantly impact the PC were selected (37 individuals and 21 variables as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e) to performed PCA and clusters analysis (CA). Samples clustering consist to classify them based on individual similarity index (Gower distance). The analysis of the PCA plots is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFirstly, Pearson correlation test was performed to establish relationship between chemical parameters and thermal behavior by DSC and SFC. A value of at least 0.50 from the Pearson correlation coefficient (R) indicated a statistically significant relationship positive or negative whereas below 0.50 means no significant correlation. In the one hand, the statistically significant relationship between SFC and chemicals parameters is shown that relations were moderates negatively (R= -0.70, \u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.66E-06) and positively (R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.50, significant \u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e) for FFA-SFC non-tempered method at 35\u0026deg;C, and UMC-SFC tempered method at 35\u0026deg;C, respectively. On the other hand, Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e shown the correlation coefficients between the chemical parameters and thermal behavior by DSC according to their profiles. Results shown that thermal behavior of crude SB, may depend on chemical quality, such as FA content and chemical indexes.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParameters which exhibited the greatest influence were UMC and FFA, sorted with the strongest. Correlations between UMC-c\u0026rsquo; and UMC-c3 were respectively 0.98 and 0.96. Between FFA-h4, R= -0.88 at \u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.19E-08. The FA content exhibited also important correlations with c4, R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.77 for C16:0-c4, R = -0.72 for C18:1-c4, and R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.71 for C18:0-c4 (see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eA present a graphical arrangement of investigated variables, and illustrates the correlations between them. The analysis of the graphs does not detect any outlier. The main factors accounted for 64.51% of the variation (PC1: 31.05, PC2: 21.71% and \u0026uml;PC3: 11.75%). This result means that 64.51% of the variability is explained by the plane. Results of PCA confirmed the strongest significant positive correlation between chemical and thermal parameters, as follows: correlations between FFA-c1, FFA-\u0026Delta;H\u003cem\u003ef\u003c/em\u003e; UMC-h4, UMC-c3, UMC-c4, UMC-c\u0026rsquo;; C16:0-c4; and correlation between C18:0-c4. Also, strongest significant negative correlation as shown in the PCA, in agreement with Pearson results: correlations between FFA-h4, FFA-c\u0026rsquo;; UMC-c4; and correlation between C18:1-c4. PC1-PC2 were mostly explained by the variables with the strongest contributions (C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C20:1, IV\u003csub\u003eGC\u003c/sub\u003e, FFA, c1, \u0026Delta;H\u003cem\u003ef\u003c/em\u003e, SFCNT35, SFCT35 and h4), with negative and positive coordinate in the plane. However, the residual valence PC3 accounted for 11.75%, mostly explained by Total H\u003cem\u003ef\u003c/em\u003e, c2, c3, c4, h2, UMC and C16:0, with negative and positive coordinate in the plane.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHierarchical classification ascending of the individuals shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eB reveals 3 clusters made on individuals are those with the highest contribution to the plane construction. Number of clusters were performed independently, using Software R. First, the cluster 1 is made of individuals such as Boulg\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e (corresponding to number 3 in the graph), Ioba\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (number 16), Kadi\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e (number 17), Koul\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e (number 25) and Mouh\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e (number 27). This cluster is characterized in the one hand by high values for SFC at 35\u0026deg;C non-tempered method (SFCNT35), h4, SFC at 35\u0026deg;C tempered method (SFCT35), UMC and h2. In the other hand, samples of cluster 1 were characterized by low values for FFA, \u0026Delta;Hf, h3, c1, c2 and Total Hf. Then, the cluster 2 is made of individuals such as Como\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (5), Como3 (6), Houe\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e (13), Houe\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e (14), Kadi\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (18), Kene\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e (23), Siss\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (36) and Yate\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e (37). Samples were characterized in the one hand by high values for FFA, \u0026Delta;Hf, c1, h3, c2 and Total Hf, and in the other hand by low values for SFCNT35, h4, SFCT35, UMC and h2. Finally, the cluster 3 is made of only Houe\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e (12), an extreme individual, characterized by high values for IV\u003csub\u003eGC\u003c/sub\u003e, C18:2, C18:1, c\u0026rsquo; and C16:0. Sample Houe\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e is also characterized by low values for C18:0 and C20:1.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCorrelation coefficient between chemical and DSC thermal behavior parameters of crude shea butter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA) Correlation established for crystallization profile A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParameters\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCorrelation coefficient (R)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value at 95%\u003c/em\u003e *\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChemical\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThermal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFFA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.404e-05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC16:0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC20:1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFFA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIV\u003csub\u003eGC\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUMC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC18:0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC18:1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eB) Correlation established for crystallization profile B\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIV\u003csub\u003eGC\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC18:0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC18:1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.048\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC) Correlation established for crystallization profile C\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFFA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUMC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFFA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.290\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUMC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC16:0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC18:2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.340\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFFA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUMC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD) Correlation established for melting profile A\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFFA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.19E-08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC16:0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC16:0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ec4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFFA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;H\u003cem\u003ef\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eE) Correlation established for melting profile B\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUMC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.170\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUMC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFFA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;H\u003cem\u003ef\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eF) Correlation established for melting profile C\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC20:1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.220\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC16:0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.210\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e* p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 (significant) and p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 (non-significant)\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVarious processes exist in Burkina Faso to extract crude shea butter involving traditional and semi-mechanized methods. The butter collected from different origins in Burkina Faso were all characterized by a relatively high content of unsaponifiable matter, C18:0 and C18:1 content. However, the most important differences were observed in physical and chemical characteristics among the 37 samples. A great diversity was found in the thermal properties (crystallization and melting behavior and solid fat content) and a classification according their profile could be made. Statistically significant relationships were established between the investigated chemical parameters (FFA, IV, UMC, FA) and thermal properties (performed by PCA and Pearson test), a clustering analysis was also performed to classify samples. The results highlighted the great diversity of crude shea butter from Burkina Faso, extracted from various non-standardized processes. The non-standardization of extraction processes leads to the diversity founded in chemical quality. Process standardization would improve shea butter potential, and increase its commercial value.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eAV \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Acid value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCA \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Clusters analysis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCBE \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Cocoa butter equivalent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC18:0 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Stearic fatty acid\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC18:1 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Oleic fatty acid\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDAG \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Diacylglycerols\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDSC \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Differential scanning calorimetry\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFA \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Fatty acid\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFAME \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Fatty acids methyl ester\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFFA \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Free fatty acid\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGC \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Gas chromatography\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHf \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Enthalpy of fusion\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIV \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Iodine value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eK \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Specific extinction\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePC \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Principal components\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePV \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Peroxide value\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-NMR\u003c/em\u003e \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSB \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Shea butter\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSFC \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Solid fat content\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTAG \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Triacylglycerols\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUMC \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Unsaponifiable matter content\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUV \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Ultraviolet\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYI \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Yellow index\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;K \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Variation of the specific extinction\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;H \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Enthalpy ratio\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors would like to thank the Belgian Acad\u0026eacute;mie de Recherche et de l\u0026rsquo;Enseignement \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Sup\u0026eacute;rieur \u0026ndash; Commission de la Coop\u0026eacute;ration au D\u0026eacute;veloppement (ARES-CCD) as technical and financial partner.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; Contribution:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eBertrand W. F. Goumbri and Sabine Danthineconceived and designed the study. Bertrand W. F. Goumbri wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Sabine Danthine proofread the manuscript. Sabine Danthine, Roland Marini Djang\u0026rsquo;eing\u0026rsquo;a, Touridomon Issa Som\u0026eacute;, \u0026nbsp;Rasman\u0026eacute; Semd\u0026eacute; and Ange Mouithys-Mickalad supervised the study. Abdoul Karim Sakira and G\u0026eacute;rard B. Josias Yam\u0026eacute;ogo analyzed the chromatography data. All authors contributed to and approved the final draft of the manuscript.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNo funding was obtained for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests:\u003c/strong\u003e Author Bertrand W. F. Goumbri has received on field research support and scholarship from ARES-CCD. No financial interests for all authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbagale, S., Oseni, L. A., Abagale, F. K., \u0026amp; Oseifosu, N. (2016). 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Shea olein based specialty fats: Preparation, characterization and potential application. \u003cem\u003eLWT - Food Science and Technology\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e86\u003c/em\u003e, 492\u0026ndash;500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.08.035\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Table 1","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable 1 is available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Shea butter, Extraction process, Solid fat content, Differential scanning calorimetry, Chemical quality, Burkina Faso","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4018621/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4018621/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study was to establish a comparative analysis of the physicochemical and the thermal behavior (solid fat content (SFC) by \u003cem\u003ep-NMR\u003c/em\u003e, and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of shea butter (SB) from Burkina Faso, related to different traditional extraction processes. Thirty-seven samples obtained from different localities were collected from local producers and analyzed for chemical indexes, unsaponifiable matter content (UMC), color, yellow index, fatty acids (FA) profile, and thermal behavior. Results showed that stearic acid and oleic acid were the most important FA but varied from 47.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2 to 51.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1%, respectively. Chemical quality variations among the 37 samples were observed: UMC (3.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0 to 12.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1%), peroxide value (4.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1 to 44.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2 meqO2/kg), iodine value by GC (50.5 to 64.2 g/100g), free fatty acids (1.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1 to 9.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1%). Statistically significant relationships were observed between thermal properties and chemical parameters. The results were subjected to clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that a great diversity exists among crude shea butter samples from Burkina Faso which is due to both regional variation and difference in extraction processes. A standardization of the process could help to improve the quality.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Quality characteristics and thermal behavior diversity of traditional crude shea (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn) butter from Burkina Faso","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-03-11 09:26:00","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4018621/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"bda073e2-2e43-441b-bfe6-9e83dfc52d0b","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 11th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-03-12T01:28:36+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-03-11 09:26:00","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4018621","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4018621","identity":"rs-4018621","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}