Spatial transcriptomics from pancreas and local draining lymph node tissue reveals a lymphotoxin-β signature in human type 1 diabetes

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Abstract

SUMMARY This study explores the inflammatory response observed in pancreata and pancreatic lymph node (pLN) samples obtained throughout the natural history of type 1 diabetes (T1D) including non-diabetic individuals and non-diabetic autoantibody positive individuals with high susceptibility using spatial transcriptomics (ST). Integration of ST with public single-cell RNA sequencing data enabled interrogation of transcriptional alterations in T1D pathogenesis across both tissues and cellular scales. In the T1D pancreas, we observed global upregulation of multiple inflammation-associated transcripts, including regenerating islet-derived ( REG ) family genes, complement factor 3 ( C3 ), SOD2 , and OLFM4 , and highlighted cellular candidates potentially contributing to these signatures. Within the T1D pLN, we observed spatially restricted upregulation of lymphotoxin-β ( LTB ) alongside follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-associated transcripts including FDCSP , CLU , and FCER2 . Collectively, these findings highlight distinct inflammation signatures in the pancreas and regional pLN which can help inform the development of future therapeutic interventions.
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SUMMARY This study explores the inflammatory response observed in pancreata and pancreatic lymph node (pLN) samples obtained throughout the natural history of type 1 diabetes (T1D) including non-diabetic individuals and non-diabetic autoantibody positive individuals with high susceptibility using spatial transcriptomics (ST). Integration of ST with public single-cell RNA sequencing data enabled interrogation of transcriptional alterations in T1D pathogenesis across both tissues and cellular scales. In the T1D pancreas, we observed global upregulation of multiple inflammation-associated transcripts, including regenerating islet-derived (REG) family genes, complement factor 3 (C3), SOD2, and OLFM4, and highlighted cellular candidates potentially contributing to these signatures. Within the T1D pLN, we observed spatially restricted upregulation of lymphotoxin-β (LTB) alongside follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-associated transcripts including FDCSP, CLU, and FCER2. Collectively, these findings highlight distinct inflammation signatures in the pancreas and regional pLN which can help inform the development of future therapeutic interventions. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Footnotes ↵12 Lead Contact Modified authors list and updated author affiliations.

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License: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0