Direct synthesis of an iron metal-organic framework antiferromagnetic glass

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Abstract Glasses are ubiquitous in our everyday lives but still pose fundamental questions about the nature of order in solids. Typically formed by the rapid cooling of a liquid, these amorphous solids have broad applications, with vitreous silica (SiO2) the most well-known example.1 Most functional glasses are purely inorganic solids, restricting the range of functional properties feasible.2 Recently, a number of new metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses containing molecular components has been discovered by heating their crystalline counterparts to a melting point followed by a rapid cooling, thereby expanding the potential applications of glass materials.3–5 However, the melt-quenched (MQ) approach is limited to MOFs that melt, which is very restrictive as most MOFs readily decompose at heating to comparatively low temperatures.6 The low decomposition temperatures mean that glassy MOF samples typically include impurity decomposition products detrimental to functionality, as optical, electronic and magnetic contaminants. In this work, we present a direct route to prepare a family of MOF glasses without a meltable crystalline precursor. This route produces high-purity iron (II) MOF glasses, avoiding the oxidation and partial degradation commonly associated with the conventional melt-quenching process. The absence of magnetic impurities allows us to study the magnetic properties of the MOF glass itself and show that MOF glasses are good model systems for topologically disordered amorphous antiferromagnets. We also present the functional advantages of direct-glass synthesis by creating free-standing films of glassy MOFs and integrating them in optoelectronic devices. Direct-glass synthesis is thus a powerful route to exploit the true functional potential of glassy MOFs, not only realizing new MOF glasses but also unveiling properties that can be accessed with these materials.7
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Direct synthesis of an iron metal-organic framework antiferromagnetic glass | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Physical Sciences - Article Direct synthesis of an iron metal-organic framework antiferromagnetic glass Guillermo Minguez Espallargas, Luis León-Alcaide, Lucía Martínez-Goyeneche, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5822781/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Glasses are ubiquitous in our everyday lives but still pose fundamental questions about the nature of order in solids. Typically formed by the rapid cooling of a liquid, these amorphous solids have broad applications, with vitreous silica (SiO2) the most well-known example.1 Most functional glasses are purely inorganic solids, restricting the range of functional properties feasible.2 Recently, a number of new metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses containing molecular components has been discovered by heating their crystalline counterparts to a melting point followed by a rapid cooling, thereby expanding the potential applications of glass materials.3–5 However, the melt-quenched (MQ) approach is limited to MOFs that melt, which is very restrictive as most MOFs readily decompose at heating to comparatively low temperatures.6 The low decomposition temperatures mean that glassy MOF samples typically include impurity decomposition products detrimental to functionality, as optical, electronic and magnetic contaminants. In this work, we present a direct route to prepare a family of MOF glasses without a meltable crystalline precursor. This route produces high-purity iron (II) MOF glasses, avoiding the oxidation and partial degradation commonly associated with the conventional melt-quenching process. The absence of magnetic impurities allows us to study the magnetic properties of the MOF glass itself and show that MOF glasses are good model systems for topologically disordered amorphous antiferromagnets. We also present the functional advantages of direct-glass synthesis by creating free-standing films of glassy MOFs and integrating them in optoelectronic devices. Direct-glass synthesis is thus a powerful route to exploit the true functional potential of glassy MOFs, not only realizing new MOF glasses but also unveiling properties that can be accessed with these materials.7 Physical sciences/Chemistry/Materials chemistry/Metal–organic frameworks Physical sciences/Materials science/Structural materials/Glasses Physical sciences/Chemistry/Materials chemistry/Magnetic materials Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files MUV28.cif Crystallographic Information File (cif) MinguezMUV29SI.pdf Supporting Information Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5822781","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Physical Sciences - Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":401956367,"identity":"3d055aa1-592b-4a66-ab26-919296728ad1","order_by":0,"name":"Guillermo Minguez 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