Harnessing Hazardous Wastes: The Production, Characterization and Performance of Controlled Low Strength Materials using CETP Sludge

Abstract India's remarkable economic growth and technological advancements have resulted in rapid industrialization, accompanied by a considerable increase in waste generation. This necessitates the development of efficient waste disposal methods to mitigate environmental degradation. Among the various waste streams, those generated by thermal power plants and effluent treatment plants contribute significantly to soil and groundwater pollution. Consequently, the proper management of these impertinent disposals is crucial, particularly to reduce pollution resulting from landfill disposal. In this research, the challenge has been addressed by investigating the utilization of hazardous Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) sludge for the development and production of CLSM meaning Controlled Low-strength Materials. By harnessing CETP sludge, we aim to alleviate the environmental impacts associated with its disposal while simultaneously providing an innovative and sustainable solution. To assess the feasibility of CETP sludge derived CLSM, a series of tests were conducted to comprehensively characterize the material. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) & X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyses were carried out to examine the morphological characters and microstructural conditions of the materials. Also, Flowability and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of the developed CLSM were evaluated. The results of the research demonstrate that the developed CLSM samples exhibit excellent flowability, surpassing 200 mm, indicating their favorable handling characteristics. Furthermore, the UCS values ranging from 1.76 MPa to 5.5 MPa suggest their structural integrity and potential suitability for various applications. The findings of this research contribute to the advancement of sustainable waste management practices, offering insights into the repurposing of CETP sludge to produce CLSM. Moreover, the comprehensive characterization and performance evaluation provide valuable guidance for policymakers, environmental scientists, and practitioners seeking effective solutions to mitigate soil and groundwater pollution while promoting sustainable industrial growth.