Microbiome-host interactions drive a trade-off between sleep quality and lifespan in Drosophila

Understanding the interactions between various aging processes and the resulting heterogeneity in aging is crucial for promoting healthy aging. Here, we provide evidence that heterogeneity in microbiome and host interactions contributes to diversifying aging phenotypes in sleep, gut integrity, and longevity in Drosophila . Aged flies exhibiting sleep fragmentation preserve gut integrity, accompanied by a shift in microbiota composition, particularly an increase in Acinetobacter junii . A. junii induces sleep fragmentation via its metabolite, urocanic acid, through serotonin receptor-dependent dopamine upregulation. In parallel, A. junii exploits the host response to promote its growth, leading to lifespan extension, which is recapitulated by genetically modified Escherichia coli , suggesting a trade-off between sleep quality and lifespan. Our study demonstrates a systematic mechanism underlying aging heterogeneity, suggesting interventions through bacterial supplements.