Global research priorities for historical ecology to inform conservation

Historical ecology draws on a broad range of information sources and methods to provide insight into ecological and social change, especially over the past ~12,000 years. While its results are often relevant to conservation and restoration, insights from its diverse disciplines, environments, and geographies have frequently remained siloed or underrepresented, restricting their full potential. Here, we synthesize knowledge from the fields of history, anthropology, paleontology, and ecology from scholars and practitioners working in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments on six continents and various archipelagoes to identify global research priorities for historical ecology to influence conservation. Specifically, we identify and address questions within four key priority areas: (i) methods and concepts, (ii) knowledge co-production and community engagement, (iii) policy and management, and (iv) climate change impacts. This work highlights the ways that historical ecology has developed and matured in its use of novel information sources, its efforts to move beyond extractive research practices and toward knowledge co-production, and its potential use in addressing management challenges, including climate change. Together, we demonstrate the ways that this field has brought together researchers across disciplines, connected academics to practitioners, and engaged communities to create and apply knowledge of the past to addressing the challenges of our shared future.