Field-Experimental Validation of Seismic Wave Attenuation in Semi-Embedded Rubber Column Metamaterials: Rayleigh and Love Wave Insights

Field-Experimental Validation of Seismic Wave Attenuation in Semi-Embedded Rubber Column Metamaterials: Rayleigh and Love Wave Insights | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Field-Experimental Validation of Seismic Wave Attenuation in Semi-Embedded Rubber Column Metamaterials: Rayleigh and Love Wave Insights Xinchao Zhang, Ning Zheng, Changyin Ji, Yulin Lu, Qingfan Shi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6839886/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Despite recent numerical and laboratory studies highlighting the potential of semi-embedded seismic metamaterials (SEM) with concrete oscillators in attenuating Rayleigh waves, their real-world effectiveness—particularly in mitigating Love waves—remains unvalidated. In this study, we present the first field experimental validation of an SEM comprising an array of rubber column resonators. Experimental results show that the SEM exhibits a global bandgap spanning 25–37 Hz and a localized bandgap in the 37–42 Hz range. Within the central frequency (ƒ 0 = 31 Hz) of the global bandgap, the attenuation reaches − 9.3 dB for Love waves and − 5.3 dB for Rayleigh waves. Theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that the energy dissipation in flexible rubber resonators is mainly attributed to the resonance of their exposed above-ground sections, while the damping introduced by the parts buried underground somewhat diminishes the effectiveness of surface wave energy attenuation. This work bridges the critical gap between simulation-based predictions and deployable seismic protection systems, providing valuable insights for designing novel seismic metamaterials. Materials Engineering Acoustics Geophysics Seismic metamaterials Field experiments Rayleigh wave Love wave Seismic wave attenuation Local resonance Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6839886","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":467762014,"identity":"7e0a1d18-1435-45f0-b383-004824c310b0","order_by":0,"name":"Xinchao Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xinchao","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":467762160,"identity":"4c457d29-eb33-4314-947a-168c4eb0e348","order_by":1,"name":"Ning 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In this study, we present the first field experimental validation of an SEM comprising an array of rubber column resonators. Experimental results show that the SEM exhibits a global bandgap spanning 25\u0026ndash;37 Hz and a localized bandgap in the 37\u0026ndash;42 Hz range. Within the central frequency (ƒ\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e = 31 Hz) of the global bandgap, the attenuation reaches \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;9.3 dB for Love waves and \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;5.3 dB for Rayleigh waves. Theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that the energy dissipation in flexible rubber resonators is mainly attributed to the resonance of their exposed above-ground sections, while the damping introduced by the parts buried underground somewhat diminishes the effectiveness of surface wave energy attenuation. 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