Association Between Remnant Cholesterol and Endometriosis Findings from NHANES 1999–2006

Su L, Wang X, Zhang J, Xu R, Ren Y, Wang S
In: International Journal of Women's Health, Vol Volume 17, Iss Issue 1, Pp 5709-5718 (2025) · 2025 · W7117945560
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Elevated remnant cholesterol levels were significantly associated with a higher prevalence and incidence of endometriosis in a large cross-sectional study of US women.

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This study utilized cross-sectional data from NHANES 1999–2006 to analyze the association between remnant cholesterol levels and endometriosis prevalence in 1,979 women aged 20–54 years. Weighted logistic regression models revealed that elevated remnant cholesterol was significantly associated with higher endometriosis incidence, demonstrating a linear dose-response relationship without threshold effects. The findings indicate that each 1 mg/dL increase above the mean remnant cholesterol level corresponds to a measurable rise in endometriosis risk across fully adjusted statistical models. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically investigating the potential role of lipid metabolism and remnant cholesterol as biomarkers for the condition's prevalence.

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Abstract

Luyang Su,1,* Xiaona Wang,2,* Junqin Zhang,2,* Ren Xu,3,* Yanan Ren,2,* Shaoqing Wang4,* 1Physical Examination Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China; 3Quality Management Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shaoqing Wang, Email [email protected]: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder causing significant morbidity and health burden. Recent evidence suggests that lipid metabolism, particularly remnant cholesterol (RC), may be involved in its development. RC—the cholesterol content of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs), including chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL). Elevated RC is closely associated with arteriosclerosis and increased cardiovascular disease incidence, making it a valuable biomarker for assessing cardiovascular health. This study explores the association between RC levels and endometriosis prevalence in a representative sample of women.Methods: Using cross-sectional data from NHANES (1999– 2006), we analyzed 1,979 women aged 20– 54 years. Weighted logistic regression models were applied to assess the relationship between RC and endometriosis. Three models were used: unadjusted (Model 1), adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, and marital status (Model 2), and fully adjusted for additional variables (Model 3). Subgroup analyses and smoothing curve fitting were also performed.Results: Elevated RC levels were significantly associated with higher endometriosis prevalence across all models. Each 1 mg/dL above the mean level of RC was linked to a 2.3% higher incidence of endometriosis (Model 1: OR 1.023, 95% CI 1.009– 1.036, p = 0.001; Model 2: OR 1.022, p = 0.004; Model 3: OR 1.023, p = 0.022). Individuals in the highest RC tertile had a higher incidence of endometriosis compared to the lowest tertile (OR 1.833, p for trend = 0.077). A linear dose-response relationship was identified, with no threshold or saturation effects.Conclusion: The study indicates a strong correlation between elevated RC levels and increased endometriosis incidence, highlighting the potential role of lipid metabolism in endometriosis development.Keywords: remnant cholesterol, endometriosis, lipid metabolism, inflammation, NHANES
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International Journal of Women's Health (Dec 2025) Association Between Remnant Cholesterol and Endometriosis Findings from NHANES 1999–2006 Abstract Luyang Su,1,* Xiaona Wang,2,* Junqin Zhang,2,* Ren Xu,3,* Yanan Ren,2,* Shaoqing Wang4,* 1Physical Examination Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China; 3Quality Management Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shaoqing Wang, Email [email protected]: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder causing significant morbidity and health burden. Recent evidence suggests that lipid metabolism, particularly remnant cholesterol (RC), may be involved in its development. RC—the cholesterol content of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs), including chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL). Elevated RC is closely associated with arteriosclerosis and increased cardiovascular disease incidence, making it a valuable biomarker for assessing cardiovascular health. This study explores the association between RC levels and endometriosis prevalence in a representative sample of women.Methods: Using cross-sectional data from NHANES (1999– 2006), we analyzed 1,979 women aged 20– 54 years. Weighted logistic regression models were applied to assess the relationship between RC and endometriosis. Three models were used: unadjusted (Model 1), adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, and marital status (Model 2), and fully adjusted for additional variables (Model 3). Subgroup analyses and smoothing curve fitting were also performed.Results: Elevated RC levels were significantly associated with higher endometriosis prevalence across all models. Each 1 mg/dL above the mean level of RC was linked to a 2.3% higher incidence of endometriosis (Model 1: OR 1.023, 95% CI 1.009– 1.036, p = 0.001; Model 2: OR 1.022, p = 0.004; Model 3: OR 1.023, p = 0.022). Individuals in the highest RC tertile had a higher incidence of endometriosis compared to the lowest tertile (OR 1.833, p for trend = 0.077). A linear dose-response relationship was identified, with no threshold or saturation effects.Conclusion: The study indicates a strong correlation between elevated RC levels and increased endometriosis incidence, highlighting the potential role of lipid metabolism in endometriosis development.Keywords: remnant cholesterol, endometriosis, lipid metabolism, inflammation, NHANES

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