Development and validation of the Sedentary Behavior Interruption Questionnaire (SB-IQ) for Assessing Behavioral Determinants in Older Adults Requiring Long-Term Care: a cross-sectional study

Development and validation of the Sedentary Behavior Interruption Questionnaire (SB-IQ) for Assessing Behavioral Determinants in Older Adults Requiring Long-Term Care: a cross-sectional study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Development and validation of the Sedentary Behavior Interruption Questionnaire (SB-IQ) for Assessing Behavioral Determinants in Older Adults Requiring Long-Term Care: a cross-sectional study Natsuki Shimizu, Tomoya Ishigaki, Tatsuya Ogawa, Yosuke Kimura, and 15 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8556119/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 6 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Older adults requiring long-term care often spend prolonged time in sedentary behavior. Interrupting SB requires assessing the behavioral determinants that support or hinder SB interruptions, but no dedicated instrument is available. This study aimed to develop the Sedentary Behavior Interruption Questionnaire (SB-IQ) and examine its structural and concurrent validity. Methods: Items were generated based on the Theoretical Domains Framework to create an 83-item prototype mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior system. The prototype was refined through expert review and a three-round Delphi process, yielding a 40-item, content-valid second version. Structural validity was assessed via Rasch analysis in older adults requiring long-term care (n = 129). Concurrent validity was examined in a subsample with accelerometer-measured SB (n = 57) by computing Spearman correlations between SB-IQ domain scores and ≥60-minute sedentary bouts. Results: Rasch analysis indicated that the Motivation domain was not unidimensional; items were reclassified into four domains via exploratory factor analysis, and then reevaluated. The final SB-IQ comprised 28 items across six domains: Capability (5), Opportunity (8), Beliefs about consequences (3), Goals (4), Beliefs about capabilities (5), and Behavioral regulation (3). All domains met unidimensionality and fit criteria. Significant negative correlations with sedentary bouts were seen between Behavioral regulation (rho = –0.349) and Beliefs about capabilities (rho = –0.348). Conclusions: The final SB-IQ was established after structural validation. Its associations with objectively measured sedentary bouts support concurrent validity. The SB-IQ may help clinicians design individualized strategies and identify the behavioral determinants of interruptions in prolonged SB in older adults requiring long-term care. Older adults behavioral determinants questionnaire development sedentary behavior disability long-term care Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Appendix1.Supplementaltables.docx Appendix2.docx Appendix3.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Feb, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Feb, 2026 Editor invited by journal 13 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 11 Jan, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 11 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 08 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8556119","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":586613383,"identity":"6ea33769-8cb3-4b1b-82ee-47bb75f52a2b","order_by":0,"name":"Natsuki 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study","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-geriatrics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bgtc","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Geriatrics](http://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bgtc/default.aspx","title":"BMC Geriatrics","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Older adults, behavioral determinants, questionnaire development, sedentary behavior, disability, long-term care","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8556119/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8556119/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e Older adults requiring long-term care often spend prolonged time in sedentary behavior. Interrupting SB requires assessing the behavioral determinants that support or hinder SB interruptions, but no dedicated instrument is available. This study aimed to develop the Sedentary Behavior Interruption Questionnaire (SB-IQ) and examine its structural and concurrent validity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e Items were generated based on the Theoretical Domains Framework to create an 83-item prototype mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior system. The prototype was refined through expert review and a three-round Delphi process, yielding a 40-item, content-valid second version. Structural validity was assessed via Rasch analysis in older adults requiring long-term care (n = 129). Concurrent validity was examined in a subsample with accelerometer-measured SB (n = 57) by computing Spearman correlations between SB-IQ domain scores and ≥60-minute sedentary bouts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e Rasch analysis indicated that the Motivation domain was not unidimensional; items were reclassified into four domains via exploratory factor analysis, and then reevaluated. The final SB-IQ comprised 28 items across six domains: Capability (5), Opportunity (8), Beliefs about consequences (3), Goals (4), Beliefs about capabilities (5), and Behavioral regulation (3). All domains met unidimensionality and fit criteria. Significant negative correlations with sedentary bouts were seen between Behavioral regulation (rho = –0.349) and Beliefs about capabilities (rho = –0.348).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions:\u003c/strong\u003e The final SB-IQ was established after structural validation. Its associations with objectively measured sedentary bouts support concurrent validity. The SB-IQ may help clinicians design individualized strategies and identify the behavioral determinants of interruptions in prolonged SB in older adults requiring long-term care.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Development and validation of the Sedentary Behavior Interruption Questionnaire (SB-IQ) for Assessing Behavioral Determinants in Older Adults Requiring Long-Term Care: a cross-sectional study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-09 08:29:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8556119/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"218307635531828789404474261781941112969","date":"2026-02-17T14:55:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-05T12:13:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-13T11:34:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-12T01:31:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-01-12T01:29:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Geriatrics","date":"2026-01-09T02:34:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-geriatrics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bgtc","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Geriatrics](http://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bgtc/default.aspx","title":"BMC Geriatrics","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0b4f0957-9288-4e47-aaa9-b3c578018e51","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 9th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-09T08:29:46+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-09 08:29:46","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8556119","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8556119","identity":"rs-8556119","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}