Translational issues with photothermal/photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment: a comprehensive and critical review

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Abstract

Cancer is one of the most common and deadly diseases which has challenged human knowledge since its discovery. There are a variety of therapies, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, palliative surgery, medicine, and gene therapy, used for patients suffering from cancer, all of which represent, to some extent, a kind of failure. However, a number of novel strategies based on nanotechnology have been introduced in recent years, which appear to have the ability to be used as an auxiliary treatment for chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the future. Interestingly, cancer cells, in response to various therapeutic factors, can utilize certain cellular mechanisms and processes for their survival and growth. For example, macro autophagy/autophagy, can alter the cancer cell fate, from autophagic cell death to dormancy. Nonetheless, there have been conflicting conclusions regarding the interactions of phototherapy methods with cells as well as their wanted or unwanted impacts on these cells. In addition, there are complicated and controversial associations among the most common cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis as well as tumor treatment and recurrence. There are lots of reports that show side effects of PDT and PTT, but the exact mechanisms underlying possible horrible side effects of these therapeutical strategies, not clearly identified. Therefore, we decided to discuss whether the incorrect application of various phototherapy parameters not only fails to treat and eradicate cancerous tumors, but also mediates the entry of tumor cells into the dormancy phase or even promotes a cancer flare up.
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Translational issues with photothermal/photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment: a comprehensive and critical review | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 30 June 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Translational issues with photothermal/photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment: a comprehensive and critical review Authors : Maryam Ghafarkhani , Meghdad Abdollahpour-Alitappeh , Zahra Alizadeh , Jamal Adiban , Farhad Bani , Solmaz Tabibi Azar , Mahdieh Nemati 0000-0001-6770-6081 , … Show All … , Mahdieh Azari , Nastaran Sedghi , Fatemeh Salahpour-Anarjan 0000-0002-5681-5300 , Daniel J. Klionsky , Yang Zhou 0009-0007-1638-8395 [email protected] , and Amir Zarebkohan Show Fewer Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175125807.79623344/v1 294 views 161 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Cancer is one of the most common and deadly diseases which has challenged human knowledge since its discovery. There are a variety of therapies, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, palliative surgery, medicine, and gene therapy, used for patients suffering from cancer, all of which represent, to some extent, a kind of failure. However, a number of novel strategies based on nanotechnology have been introduced in recent years, which appear to have the ability to be used as an auxiliary treatment for chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the future. Interestingly, cancer cells, in response to various therapeutic factors, can utilize certain cellular mechanisms and processes for their survival and growth. For example, macro autophagy/autophagy, can alter the cancer cell fate, from autophagic cell death to dormancy. Nonetheless, there have been conflicting conclusions regarding the interactions of phototherapy methods with cells as well as their wanted or unwanted impacts on these cells. In addition, there are complicated and controversial associations among the most common cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis as well as tumor treatment and recurrence. There are lots of reports that show side effects of PDT and PTT, but the exact mechanisms underlying possible horrible side effects of these therapeutical strategies, not clearly identified. Therefore, we decided to discuss whether the incorrect application of various phototherapy parameters not only fails to treat and eradicate cancerous tumors, but also mediates the entry of tumor cells into the dormancy phase or even promotes a cancer flare up. Supplementary Material File (manuscript.docx) Download 16.17 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 30 June 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords apoptosis cancer nanotechnology Authors Affiliations Maryam Ghafarkhani Tabriz University of Medical Sciences View all articles by this author Meghdad Abdollahpour-Alitappeh Pasteur Institute of Iran View all articles by this author Zahra Alizadeh Tabriz University of Medical Sciences View all articles by this author Jamal Adiban Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education View all articles by this author Farhad Bani Tabriz University of Medical Sciences View all articles by this author Solmaz Tabibi Azar University of Tehran School of Biology View all articles by this author Mahdieh Nemati 0000-0001-6770-6081 Tabriz University of Medical Sciences View all articles by this author Mahdieh Azari Tabriz University of Medical Sciences View all articles by this author Nastaran Sedghi University of Guilan View all articles by this author Fatemeh Salahpour-Anarjan 0000-0002-5681-5300 Tabriz University of Medical Sciences View all articles by this author Daniel J. Klionsky University of Michigan View all articles by this author Yang Zhou 0009-0007-1638-8395 [email protected] Hainan University View all articles by this author Amir Zarebkohan Tabriz University of Medical Sciences View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 294 views 161 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Maryam Ghafarkhani, Meghdad Abdollahpour-Alitappeh, Zahra Alizadeh, et al. Translational issues with photothermal/photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment: a comprehensive and critical review. Authorea . 30 June 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175125807.79623344/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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