Design and optimization of a wideband metasurface for utilization in a highly efficient terahertz reflectarray antenna

Design and optimization of a wideband metasurface for utilization in a highly efficient terahertz reflectarray antenna | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Design and optimization of a wideband metasurface for utilization in a highly efficient terahertz reflectarray antenna Raziyeh Sharifi, Raheleh Basiri, Ehsan Zareian-Jahromi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-358671/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this manuscript, two wideband single layer reflectarray antennas are designed utilizing an optimization-based metasurface in terahertz (THz) regime. It is demanded to design a metasurface with wide phase variation range in a broad frequency region of terahertz band. The proposed metasurface is designed based on Random Hill Climbing optimization algorithm whereas a multiobjective fitness function is defined to consider the desired characteristics. A provided link between Matlab and HFSS softwares is utilized to define and simulate various metasurfaces. The finalized cell has considerable wide phase variation (≥ 600˚) and notable bandwidth of 30.76% (1.1–1.5 THz) whereas the mean value of magnitude variation of reflection coefficient is -0.42dB. Two square and circular metasurfaces are designed based on the optimized cell and illuminated using a THz feeding horn antenna. The angles of incident and reflected waves are considered equal to zero. The simulation results confirm 3-dB gain bandwidths of 20.3% and 20.4% for square and circular reflectors, respectively. Moreover, the considerable efficiencies of 45.67% and 46.27% are achieved for square and circular arrays, consequently. The maximum gain of square array with 361 elements is 25.9dB whereas it is equal to 24.9dB for circular metasurface including 277 unit cells. Electrical Engineering Efficiency Metasurface Optimization Reflectarray Terahertz Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-358671","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":32392819,"identity":"ad8dfc23-8d8e-4136-a3ba-7f612cb41f79","order_by":0,"name":"Raziyeh Sharifi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shiraz University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Raziyeh","middleName":"","lastName":"Sharifi","suffix":""},{"id":32392820,"identity":"50fa5c4b-7b38-4861-9605-68ecce185f53","order_by":1,"name":"Raheleh Basiri","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA30lEQVRIie3RIQvCQBTA8TcWLLetTjbmV7hjoMHgV5kISwuKxWA4WbAoVv0WfoSNAy0H1gkiJvPWJih4YhHDbTbD/eE9eOGXHoBK9ZchMRiQ9b6Sj11FmhQ0+gN5qeSDSOtQIy3K4dn1D7xzyacnsOaJxiYS4ibmwEF4jNpZRGbr3RVsHkDKJcQGhB3AgSCIxAZlABlASuXEv5WC+CtO4ocgrRqkbSNBMEQk1gTBlUQ3w+6L2Fk42ix2DBHep3LSWLJjeQ961opt83LKPG/PWCEjoH/d4k2aFKhUKpWqRk9X1Ep4P0fbJAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9111-8375","institution":"Shiraz University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Raheleh","middleName":"","lastName":"Basiri","suffix":""},{"id":32392821,"identity":"d176088e-7707-4ec5-bb29-cc8950517dce","order_by":2,"name":"Ehsan Zareian-Jahromi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shiraz University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ehsan","middleName":"","lastName":"Zareian-Jahromi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-03-24 19:13:27","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-358671/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-358671/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":13645874,"identity":"423f1cdf-5977-4738-afdf-0c9a031f4104","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 09:21:39","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":933177,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Docsend.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-358671/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":10225996,"identity":"5b20b79a-f85a-428b-b34b-f437f441c147","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 20:22:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":929622,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Docsend.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-358671/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Design and optimization of a wideband metasurface for utilization in a highly efficient terahertz reflectarray antenna","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-358671/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Efficiency, Metasurface, Optimization, Reflectarray, Terahertz","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-358671/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-358671/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn this manuscript, two wideband single layer reflectarray antennas are designed utilizing an optimization-based metasurface in terahertz (THz) regime. It is demanded to design a metasurface with wide phase variation range in a broad frequency region of terahertz band. The proposed metasurface is designed based on Random Hill Climbing optimization algorithm whereas a multiobjective fitness function is defined to consider the desired characteristics. A provided link between Matlab and HFSS softwares is utilized to define and simulate various metasurfaces. The finalized cell has considerable wide phase variation (≥ 600˚) and notable bandwidth of 30.76% (1.1–1.5 THz) whereas the mean value of magnitude variation of reflection coefficient is -0.42dB. Two square and circular metasurfaces are designed based on the optimized cell and illuminated using a THz feeding horn antenna. The angles of incident and reflected waves are considered equal to zero. The simulation results confirm 3-dB gain bandwidths of 20.3% and 20.4% for square and circular reflectors, respectively. Moreover, the considerable efficiencies of 45.67% and 46.27% are achieved for square and circular arrays, consequently. The maximum gain of square array with 361 elements is 25.9dB whereas it is equal to 24.9dB for circular metasurface including 277 unit cells.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Design and optimization of a wideband metasurface for utilization in a highly efficient terahertz reflectarray antenna","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-06-10 20:22:37","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-358671/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b9e41504-fffe-47c6-b210-dcc30cc5827f","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 10th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":4945184,"name":"Electrical Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-06-10T20:22:38+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-06-10 20:22:37","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-358671","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-358671","identity":"rs-358671","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}