CCE and EODF as two distinct non-shivering thermogenesis models inducing weight loss

Increasing energy expenditure and reducing energy intake are considered two classical methods to induce weight loss. Weight loss through physical methods instead of drugs has been a hot research topic nowadays, but how these methods function in adipose and cause weight loss in body remains unclear. In this study, we set up chronic cold exposure (CCE) and every other day fasting (EODF) as two distinct models in long-term treatment to induce weight loss. They showed their own characteristics in energy expenditure and metabolism. We demonstrated that CCE and EODF caused different types of thermogenic programs in white and brown adipose depots whether through Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS), Creatine-driven or FGF21-adiponectin axis. In this study, we further explained that thermogenic mechanisms function in adipose and metabolic benefits of the stable phenotype through physical treatments used for weight loss, providing more details for the study on weight-loss models.