The Sliding Flux Ramp Demodulation Algorithm with High Sampling Rate in Microwave SQUID Multiplexer

The Sliding Flux Ramp Demodulation Algorithm with High Sampling Rate in Microwave SQUID Multiplexer | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Sliding Flux Ramp Demodulation Algorithm with High Sampling Rate in Microwave SQUID Multiplexer Guofu Liao, Congzhan Liu, Zhengwei Li, Daikang Yan, Xiangxiang Ren, and 10 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4786674/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Feb, 2025 Read the published version in Experimental Astronomy → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Microwave SQUID Multiplexing ($\mu$MUX) is a widely used technique in the low temperature detectors community as it offers high capacity of reading out large scale Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) arrays. In this paper, we propose a Sliding Flux Ramp Demodulation (SFRD) algorithm for $\mu$MUX readout system. It can achieve a sampling rate in the order of MHz while maintaining a multiplexing ratio about one thousand. Advancing of this large array readout technique makes it possible to observe scientific objects with improved time resolution and event count rate. This will be highly helpful for TES calorimeters in X-ray applications, such as X-ray astrophysics missions. Microwave SQUID Multiplexer Flux Ramp Demodulation Transition-Edge Sensor Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Feb, 2025 Read the published version in Experimental Astronomy → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 28 Aug, 2024 Reviews received at journal 19 Aug, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Aug, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Jul, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 31 Jul, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 31 Jul, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 31 Jul, 2024 First submitted to journal 23 Jul, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4786674","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":342300478,"identity":"b8067963-e39c-4719-8f91-8ca329c28207","order_by":0,"name":"Guofu Liao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of High Energy Physics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Guofu","middleName":"","lastName":"Liao","suffix":""},{"id":342300479,"identity":"f1d4bead-0df8-4e9d-8b52-9d68b9374738","order_by":1,"name":"Congzhan Liu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAsUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYQWSGRQLwWNrCWMyRpARGMbQykaGHnMfz4c55FHr90A+OHHwx2eUQ4jMdYQnKbRLHknAPMkj0MycXEaDFjMNwmkbjhRgKDNAPDgcQGorQkzpFI3H8jgfk38VoONgBtkUhgI9YWtmLJhmMSiTPuHGyz7DFIJqyFn//wxo8/auoS+2c3H77xo8KOsBYEkGAEKjYgXj1IC0mqR8EoGAWjYCQBACJMMhGM6HEKAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of High Energy Physics","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Congzhan","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":342300480,"identity":"a0e841f0-b572-4596-ab08-197b907a39a8","order_by":2,"name":"Zhengwei Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of High Energy Physics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhengwei","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":342300481,"identity":"593c2cfd-41ac-43d3-9e0f-eece1bde3dd0","order_by":3,"name":"Daikang Yan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of High Energy Physics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Daikang","middleName":"","lastName":"Yan","suffix":""},{"id":342300482,"identity":"c31a3c4f-a7cc-451d-9426-59a80b09648b","order_by":4,"name":"Xiangxiang Ren","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shandong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiangxiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Ren","suffix":""},{"id":342300483,"identity":"cf8bfa7f-8ef5-4bb9-b5a6-9b1e64b69dc0","order_by":5,"name":"Yongjie Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of High Energy Physics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yongjie","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":342300484,"identity":"510e3ed0-eb75-4a93-8741-6e1e7a2b98c0","order_by":6,"name":"Laiyu Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of High Energy Physics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Laiyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":342300485,"identity":"d0794eb2-c043-4dff-9e1e-5728a8eb9a3c","order_by":7,"name":"Yu Xu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of High Energy Physics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yu","middleName":"","lastName":"Xu","suffix":""},{"id":342300486,"identity":"e2e93c1e-8b68-4c13-abdd-65bb4d6d6b3b","order_by":8,"name":"Shibo Shu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of High Energy Physics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shibo","middleName":"","lastName":"Shu","suffix":""},{"id":342300487,"identity":"1f267b6d-fb3b-4bb9-8382-292900d68a23","order_by":9,"name":"He Gao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of High Energy Physics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"He","middleName":"","lastName":"Gao","suffix":""},{"id":342300488,"identity":"efe036b9-a951-4090-80fd-affb0803e0c4","order_by":10,"name":"Yifei Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of High Energy Physics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yifei","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":342300489,"identity":"ba793e5b-d3c7-41fb-9ee1-ece19934db13","order_by":11,"name":"Xuefeng Lu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of High Energy Physics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xuefeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Lu","suffix":""},{"id":342300490,"identity":"8b471722-9ed9-4616-9633-d5adbdcdf6cc","order_by":12,"name":"Xufang Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of High Energy Physics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xufang","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":342300491,"identity":"13c230e8-fc9c-4945-81f4-9ce451f7b263","order_by":13,"name":"He Xu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of High Energy Physics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"He","middleName":"","lastName":"Xu","suffix":""},{"id":342300492,"identity":"eaced676-ad62-43b4-a87d-657c2a5b8205","order_by":14,"name":"Di Wu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of High Energy Physics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Di","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-23 07:54:34","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4786674/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4786674/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-025-09986-8","type":"published","date":"2025-02-17T15:57:27+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":77053832,"identity":"207f16d5-d2dc-4de2-b3a2-a8bdd3b96920","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-24 16:30:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2068490,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TheSlidingFluxRampDemodulationAlgorithmwithHighSamplingRateinMicrowaveSQUIDMultiplexer.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4786674/v1_covered_4068a13f-02bd-407d-81a2-204d90c74b80.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The Sliding Flux Ramp Demodulation Algorithm with High Sampling Rate in Microwave SQUID Multiplexer","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"experimental-astronomy","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"expa","sideBox":"Learn more about [Experimental Astronomy](http://link.springer.com/journal/10686)","snPcode":"10686","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10686/3","title":"Experimental Astronomy","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Microwave SQUID Multiplexer, Flux Ramp Demodulation, Transition-Edge Sensor","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4786674/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4786674/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\n Microwave SQUID Multiplexing ($\\mu$MUX) is a widely used technique in the low temperature detectors community as it offers high capacity of reading out large scale Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) arrays. In this paper, we propose a Sliding Flux Ramp Demodulation (SFRD) algorithm for $\\mu$MUX readout system. It can achieve a sampling rate in the order of MHz while maintaining a multiplexing ratio about one thousand. Advancing of this large array readout technique makes it possible to observe scientific objects with improved time resolution and event count rate. This will be highly helpful for TES calorimeters in X-ray applications, such as X-ray astrophysics missions.\n","manuscriptTitle":"The Sliding Flux Ramp Demodulation Algorithm with High Sampling Rate in Microwave SQUID Multiplexer","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-27 02:39:27","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4786674/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-09-24T15:21:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-08-28T12:18:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-08-19T18:35:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"78538531204096702211222222059440476423","date":"2024-08-05T08:54:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"272366084519530749663797620938284231045","date":"2024-07-31T15:07:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-07-31T11:39:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-07-31T09:30:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-07-31T07:44:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Experimental Astronomy","date":"2024-07-23T07:52:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"experimental-astronomy","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"expa","sideBox":"Learn more about [Experimental Astronomy](http://link.springer.com/journal/10686)","snPcode":"10686","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10686/3","title":"Experimental Astronomy","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b05800a8-f048-49ce-802c-797a703ff536","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 27th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-24T16:24:27+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4786674","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-025-09986-8","journal":{"identity":"experimental-astronomy","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Experimental Astronomy"},"publishedOn":"2025-02-17 15:57:27","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 17th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-27 02:39:27","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10686-025-09986-8","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-025-09986-8","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4786674","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4786674","identity":"rs-4786674","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}