Catamenial Pneumothorax: A Challenging Diagnosis

Flavio Colaut, Nicola Clemente, Nicolò Clemente, M. De Luca, Giulia Bora, Guido Scaffidi
In: Journal of Respiratory Research · 2017 · vol. 3(1) , pp. 102–104 · doi:10.17554/j.issn.2412-2424.2017.03.27 · W2612037357
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-08 ⓘ

Catamenial pneumothorax, a manifestation of thoracic endometriosis, is diagnosed when spontaneous pneumothorax occurs near menstruation, supported by pleural findings, histology, and tumor markers, though challenging in atypical cases.

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This paper, titled “Catamenial Pneumothorax: A Challenging Diagnosis,” presents a general discussion of catamenial pneumothorax but the provided text largely consists of unrelated, repetitive background material about the heart’s anatomy and cardiovascular symptoms rather than specific study methods or results. The excerpt does not describe a study population, diagnostic approach, or key findings attributable to catamenial pneumothorax, and it does not state any explicit limitations. Because the supplied content is dominated by nonspecific heart-disease education and omits diagnostic details, the central claims about catamenial pneumothorax cannot be reliably extracted from this text alone. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

Catamenial pneumothorax is the most frequent manifestation of thoracic endometriosis. Diagnosis should be suspected if a spontaneous pneumothorax occurs within 72 hours from the onset of menstrual bleeding. Furthermore diagnosis can be supported by the macroscopic findings within the pleural cavity, generally represented by multiple nodules with color ranging from brown to violet and of variable dimension (from several micrometers to 1 cm); confirmation comes from histologic examination of the resected specimens (endometrial glands surrounded by a decidual-like stroma). Increased levels of CA 125 and CA 19–9 are useful clues. On the other hand, diagnosis of catamenial pneumothorax can be challenging in atypical cases presenting with none of the above mentioned features. We report a similar case in which diagnosis of catamenial pneumothorax was formulated, based on the ex juvantibus principle, only when, implementation of the specific medical treatment was able to prevent further recurrences of the disease.
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endometriosisthoracic_endometriosis

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