“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS IN SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL, AT HASSAN”

Background: Polycystic ovarian disease is the most prevalent endocrine ailment that affects a woman’s hormones, menstrual cycle, fertility, and physical appearance among women age group of 14-35 years. Teenagers who have poor eating habits and little exercise are more likely to develop disorders like polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD). Objectives: The aim of this study to assess the knowledge regarding PCOD and to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding PCOD among high school girls. Materials and Methods: Quantitative evaluative research approach was used in this study. The research design was Pre-experimental one -group pre-test, post-test research design. The study was conducted at CKS High school Hassan, Karnataka. A total 100 high school students were willing to participate in the study. Main outcome measures to see the effective to improve the knowledge among high school girls. Results: Among 100 students (69%) of the respondents had adequate knowledge, 31% of them had moderate knowledge regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease. The mean knowledge score 19.07± 4.0 and 32.80±2.73. The Calculated paired‘t’ test value was 42.35 (p<0.05, df= 99), Conclusion: The researcher concluded that the planned teaching programme was more effective. The findings of the study suggest that the adolescent girl were having less on PCOD, So Obstetrics and Gynecological nurses, nurse educators and researchers play a vital role in both prevention of infertility and development of better management technique to encounter the problems in adolescent girls with PCOD. “ A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS IN SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL, AT HASSAN”

Background: Polycystic ovarian disease is the most prevalent endocrine ailment that affects a woman’s hormones, menstrual cycle, fertility, and physical appearance among women age group of 14-35 years. Teenagers who have poor eating habits and little exercise are more likely to develop disorders like polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD). Objectives: The aim of this study to assess the knowledge regarding PCOD and to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding PCOD among high school girls. Materials and Methods: Quantitative evaluative research approach was used in this study. The research design was Pre-experimental one -group pre-test, post-test research design. The study was conducted at CKS High school Hassan, Karnataka. A total 100 high school students were willing to participate in the study. Main outcome measures to see the effective to improve the knowledge among high school girls. Results: Among 100 students (69%) of the respondents had adequate knowledge, 31% of them had moderate knowledge regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease. The mean knowledge score 19.07± 4.0 and 32.80±2.73. The Calculated paired‘t’ test value was 42.35 (p<0.05, df= 99), Conclusion: The researcher concluded that the planned teaching programme was more effective. The findings of the study suggest that the adolescent girl were having less on PCOD, So Obstetrics and Gynecological nurses, nurse educators and researchers play a vital role in both prevention of infertility and development of better management technique to encounter the problems in adolescent girls with PCOD.

PCOD; knowledge; Adolescence; Girls; High school.

Adolescent period is a unique period where there is a change from childhood to adulthood, a time of physiological, psychological, social and emotional adaption. During this period individual attains physical and sexual maturity, whereas emotional maturity imbalanced. The changes in adolescent period is important to understand the health risks associated with it. During this period the body changes and there will be development of secondary sexual characteristics. Any difference in secondary sexual characteristics can inversely affect the physical and emotional adaptation of the adolescent. Present day lifestyle, food habits, environmental exposure to toxins along with hereditary predisposition for metabolic syndrome like obesity, hyperlipidemia, infertility, miscarriages, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, hypertension and stress has contributed to the common problem faced by today’s female population. 1 PCOD is the most prevalent endocrine illness in adolescents, it is always necessary to Investigate all new relevant data. In adolescent PCOD must be identified early and treated quickly to avoid long-term consequences. The researcher concluded from all of the aforementioned studies that teenage girls need to learn enough about PCOD since they will become moms in the future and will be the ones to raise the next generation. According to the researcher, college girls who lack knowledge about polycystic ovarian disease and have a negative attitude toward it, as well as who do not take any action to improve their lifestyles, is observed by the investigator that these college girls can be helped by assessing their knowledge and with a view to change their lifestyle by providing necessary information. The researcher has a pivotal role in creating awareness among adolescent girls about how to identify the symptoms and modification to be brought in order to prevent further complications of PCOD. Hence the researcher felt that information education and communication package will be an effective teaching strategy to impart knowledge for adolescent girls regarding poly-cystic ovarian syndrome.

For the current research study, Pre-experimental, one-group pre-test and post-test design was adopted. The study was conducted at CKS High school Hassan, Karnataka written consent was taken from the Head master and obtained ethical clearance from the institutional ethical committee. Using a Non-probability convenience sampling technique method, a total 100 students (8 th, 9 th & 10 th standard) were willing to participate in the study were included. The research tool sent for validation to subject experts it had two sections, the section-A comprised of socio-demographic data and Section-B comprised of structured knowledge questionnaire on PCOD. The data was collected from study participants. The pre-test was given by using structured knowledge questionnaire and planned teaching programme was administered in a groups for all the students by using Power-Point presentation and thought them pelvic floor exercises and home remedies for prevention of regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease. On the 7 th day, post-test was conducted with same structured knowledge questionnaire.

The results revealed as follow, TABLE – 1 : comparison between Pre test and Post test Knowledge level on Poly-cystic Ovarian Disease. | Pre test | Post test | ||||| | N | % | N | % | ||| | Inadequate | ≤ 50 % Score | 77 | 77.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 147.18* | | Moderate | 51-75 % Score | 23 | 23.0 | 31 | 31.0 | | | Adequate | > 75 % Score | 0 | 0.0 | 69 | 69.0 | | | Total | 100 | 100.0 | 100 | 100.0 | TABLE-2: Overall Mean, Mean%, SD and SD% of pre-test, post-test and Enhancement knowledge scores regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease. (N=100) | Mean | SD | Mean (%) | SD (%) | ||| | Pre test | 40 | 19.07 | 1.61 | 47.7 | 4.0 | 42.35* | | Post test | 40 | 32.80 | 2.73 | 82.0 | 6.8 | | | Enhancement | 40 | 13.73 | 3.23 | 34.3 | 8.1 | the Mean, Mean%, SD and SD% of overall pre-test, post-test and enhancement knowledge scores regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease. In pre-test mean of overall knowledge score of respondents was 19.07±1.61 and that of the post-test was 32.80±2.73. The Calculated paired ‘t’ test value was 42.35 which was greater than the table value at 5% of significance [t (0.05,99df) = 1.96] and implied than the difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores was statistically significant at 5% level. Hence the stated H 01 is rejected and alternative hypothesis H 1 is accepted. Table -3 : ASSOCIATION BETWEEN POST-TEST LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF STUDY PARTICIPANTS AND THEIR SELECTED SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES (N=100) | Moderate | Adequate | ||||||| | N | % | N | % | ||||| | Age group (years) | 13-14 | 12 | 7 | 58.3 | 5 | 41.7 | 4.76* | P<0.05 (3.841) | | 15-16 | 88 | 24 | 27.3 | 64 | 72.7 | ||| | Religion | Hindu | 90 | 25 | 27.8 | 65 | 72.2 | 4.37* | P0.05 (3.841) | | Joint | 15 | 6 | 40.0 | 9 | 60.0 | ||| | Residential area | Urban | 86 | 23 | 26.7 | 63 | 73.3 | 5.20* | P0.05 (3.841) | | Non-vegetarian | 78 | 24 | 30.8 | 54 | 69.2 | ||| | Menstrual cycle | Regular | 82 | 29 | 35.4 | 53 | 64.6 | 4.06* | P<0.05 (3.841) | | Irregular | 18 | 2 | 11.1 | 16 | 88.9 | ||| | Associated medical diseases | Yes | 7 | 5 | 71.4 | 2 | 28.6 | 5.75* | P0.05 (3.841) | | No | 3 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 100 | ||| | Combined | 100 | 31 | 31.0 | 69 | 69.0 | Table -3 reveals the association between post-test level of knowledge of study participants and their socio-demographic variables and calculated χ 2 values. The calculated χ 2 values with regard to Associated medical diseases (χ 2 =5.75), residential area (χ 2 =5.20), age group (χ 2 =4.76), religion (χ 2 =4.37) and menstrual cycle (χ 2 =4.06) were more than table table value at 0.05 level of significance at respective degree of freedom and hence were statistically significant. Hence stated H 02 is rejected and the hypothesis H 2 is accepted with regard to associated medical diseases, residential area, age group, religion, menstrual cycle and post-test level of knowledge of study participants. But the calculated χ 2 values with regards to like junk foods (χ 2 =1.39), type of family (χ 2 =0.67), dietary pattern (χ 2 =0.01) were less than the table value at 0.05 significance at respected degree of freedom. Hence the stated H 2 is accepted and hypothesis H 02 is rejected with regard to like junk foods, type of family and dietary pattern and post-test level of knowledge of study participants. | Moderate | Adequate | ||||||| | N | % | N | % | ||||| | Education of Father | Secondary | 39 | 7 | 17.9 | 32 | 82.1 | 5.09* | P<0.05 (3.841) | | Under graduate & above | 61 | 24 | 39.3 | 37 | 60.7 | ||| | Education of Mother | Secondary | 80 | 29 | 36.3 | 51 | 63.8 | 5.15* | P0.05 (5.991) | | Private | 60 | 18 | 30.0 | 42 | 70.0 | ||| | Government | 7 | 2 | 28.6 | 5 | 71.4 | ||| | Socio-economic status | Middle class | 87 | 23 | 26.4 | 64 | 73.6 | 6.52* | P0.05 (3.841) | | Rs.50001-100000 | 15 | 4 | 26.7 | 11 | 73.3 | ||| | Previous source of information | Books/Magazines | 5 | 2 | 40.0 | 3 | 60.0 | 2.22 NS | P>0.05 (7.815) | | Friends/Relatives | 27 | 9 | 33.3 | 18 | 66.7 | ||| | Mass media | 54 | 18 | 33.3 | 36 | 66.7 | ||| | Health personnel | 14 | 2 | 14.3 | 12 | 85.7 | ||| | Combined | 100 | 31 | 31.0 | 69 | 69.0 | Table – 3 reveals the association between post-test level of knowledge of study participants and their socio-demographic variables and calculated χ 2 values. The calculated χ 2 values with regard to socio-economic status (χ 2 =6.52), education of mother (χ 2 =5.15) and education of father (χ 2 =5.09) were more than table value at 0.05 level of significance at respective degree of freedom and hence were statistically significant. Hence the stated research hypothesis H 2 is accepted with regard to socio-economic status, education of mother, education of father and post-test level of knowledge of study participants. But the calculated χ 2 values with regards to Previous sources of information (χ 2 =2.22), family income (χ 2 =0.16), occupation of mother (χ 2 =0.13) were less than the table value at 0.05 significance at respected degree of freedom. Hence the stated research hypothesis H 2 is accepted with regard to previous sources of information, family income, occupation of mother and post-test level of knowledge of study participants.

With regard to overall knowledge score in the present study, majority (77%) of the respondents had inadequate knowledge and this was supported by the study on the knowledge and awareness regarding Poly-cystic ovarian disease among high school girls. With regard to the “effectiveness of the structured teaching program, the mean post-test knowledge score” was 32.80, which was greater than the pre-test knowledge score 19.07, and it was statistically significant at the 0.001 level. This was supported the study on the knowledge regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease among high school girls. With regard to the association between level of knowledge with selected socio-demographic variables, there was a statistically significant association between age, religion, menstrual cycle, residential area, socio- economic status, education of mother, education of father and associated medical diseases. This finding was contradicting with the study on knowledge regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease. among high school girls. FIRST OBJECTIVE : To assess the knowledge regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease among high school girls.In the present study, during pre-test, majority (77%) of the high school girls had inadequate knowledge, 23% had moderate knowledge and none of them had adequate knowledge.These findings are supported by the study conducted among adolescent girls by Devi B, Bhutia KD, Bhutia CD, Sherpa D, Sahu D et al. A study was conducted to explore the knowledge regarding poly-cystic ovarian syndrome among students of selected nursing institute of Gangtok, East Sikkim. Investigators adopted the survey approach with descriptive survey research design where 100 nursing students studying in third year B.Sc. nursing programme were recruited through non probability purposive sampling technique from Sikkim Manipal College of Nursing, at Sikkim Nepal University Gangtok, East Sikkim. Structured knowledge questionnaire on PCOS and Self preventive measures regarding PCOS were used to collect data on nursing student’s knowledge and self-preventive measures regarding PCOS for which validity and reliability was ensured. which revealed that there was a great deficit in the awareness and knowledge regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease and its prevention. 30 These findings are supported by the study conducted among adolescent girls by Devi ES,Prabhu A. study was conducted in selected pre-university colleges at Udupi District and 752 students were selected from six colleges. Risk Status of the students was assessed by administering the High Risk Assessment questionnaire and awareness program was given to the risk group students, and the post-test was taken on 8th day following intervention. A total of 102 (13.6%) students were found to have moderate risk for developing PCOS.A significant increase in the knowledge scores on PCOS was observed after the awareness program (p<0.001).the result revealed that an awareness program could bring about a desirable change in knowledge among adolescent girls regarding PCOS and prevent future complications. 32 The result of the present study also supported by the results of the study conducted by Sasikala R, Shanmugham D, Varghese J, Saravanan DK. The study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and awareness on PCOS among nursing students by using questionnaire at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a Tertiary Care Centre in South India. A pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured 15 items questionnaire containing 3 components: knowledge about risk factors (6) clinical symptoms & signs (4) and complications (5) of PCOS was used for online data collection and the results were analyzed. Result revealed that around 88 students participated in the study. Majority of the students (89.8%) claimed poly-cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) to be the most common endocrinological problem. Regarding the knowledge about the risk factors, 83 students were aware of obesity as the risk factor. In view of knowledge on long term complications, 62 students (70.45%) were aware about metabolic syndrome, 51 students (57.95%) about hypertension, 50 participants (56.81%) about being prone for diabetes mellitus, 60 students (68.18%) about risk of endometrial cancer. Even though the nursing students had knowledge regarding the risk factors associated with PCOS, their awareness about the complications of PCOS is significantly less. Effective educational intervention conducted especially for nurses can significantly increase their level of knowledge on PCOS. 36 SECOND OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding Poly-cystic ovarian disease on knowledge among high school girls. In the present study, during pre-test majority (77%) of the respondents had inadequate knowledge, 23% had moderate knowledge and none of them had adequate knowledge. The mean percentage of knowledge score of respondents in pre-test was 47.7%. but in the post-test, majority 69% of the respondents had adequate knowledge, 31% had moderate knowledge and none of them had inadequate knowledge. The findings revealed that, overall mean percentage of knowledge scores in post-test was 82% and it was significant higher than that of pre-test scores 47.7% and the computed paired ‘t’ value (t 99 =42.35,p<0.05) is greater than table value t(0.05,99df=1.96) at 0.05 level of significance. It showed that there is a significant difference between mean pre-test and post-test knowledge score. It was concluded that PTP on poly-cystic ovarian disease was effective and enhanced the knowledge of high school girls.These findings are supported by results of the study conducted by Batra B, Tiwari S. An experimental study was conducted to assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge of Adolescents Girls of Higher Secondary School Age Group (14-17 Years) regarding Poly-cystic Ovarian Syndrome at Vijaya Raje Government Girls School, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. Quantitative approach with one group pre-test post-test experimental design was used. Total 30 adolescents girls of 10th standard students of Vijaya Raje government schools were selected by convenient sampling technique.which revealed that mean post-test knowledge scores were higher than mean pre-test scores by improving the by knowledge 50%. Hence, planned teaching programme on poly-cystic ovary syndrome is useful tool for improving knowledge of adolescent girls. 37 The results are consistent with the results of the study conducted by Williams S, Lissa J, Saraswathi KN. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls in JSS Women’s College at Mysuru. In this study, one group is pre -test and other post-test, pre-experimental design was used and non-probability convenient sampling technique was adopted to select adolescent girls in JSS Women’s College Mysuru. Pilot study was conducted, the tool and study design were found to be feasible. Data were collected by using structured knowledge questionnaire, structured teaching programme was given to the adolescent girls.The study reveals that the significant difference between the mean pre-test and mean post test scores which was statistically tested using paired ‘t’ test scores was 2.5 with standard deviation difference ±0.5. the paired ‘t’ test (59) =11.6 which was found to be highly significant at 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, the study concluded that the administration of structured teaching programme was an effective method to improve the knowledge of adolescent girls regarding PCOD. 44 The results are consistent with the results of the study conducted by Mala, Avarachan A. A study was conducted to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme (STP) in terms of knowledge of adolescent girls regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome and prevention of its complications in selected senior secondary school of New Delhi”. The research approach selected for the study was quantitative approach and design was one- group pre-test post-test design. Sample of 60 adolescent girls were selected by convenient sampling technique. The major findings showed that the mean post–test knowledge scores (25.5±3.71) was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge scores (15.85±3.6) with a mean difference of 9.65. The obtained mean difference was found to be statistically significant as evident from calculated ‘t’ value of 16, which is greater than table value of 2.00 at 0.05 level of significance. The study concluded that the Structured Teaching Programme on Poly-cystic ovarian syndrome and prevention of its complications developed by the researcher was effective in enhancing the knowledge of adolescent girls. 46 THIRD OBJECTIVE : To find out the association between the post-test knowledge score among high school girls and their selected socio- demographic variables. The results of the present study showed that, post-test knowledge level of respondents were not significantly associated with type of family, dietary pattern,like junk foods, occupation of mother, family income and previous source of information but, it was significantly associated with age, religion, education of parents, menstrual cycle, residential area, associated medical diseases and socio-economic status. Chi-square values were computed to find out the association between post-test level of knowledge and selected socio-demographic variables of high school girls. The result of the present study showed that post-test knowledge level of respondents were not significantly associated with type of family, dietary pattern,like junk foods, occupation of mother, family income and previous source of information but, it was significantly associated with age, religion, education of parents, menstrual cycle, residential area, associated medical diseases and socio-economic status. The present study results are consistent with descriptive survey conducted by Devi B, Bhutia KD, Bhutia CD, Sherpa D, Sahu D et al. A study was conducted to explore the knowledge regarding poly-cystic ovarian syndrome among students of selected nursing institute of Gangtok, East Sikkim. Investigators adopted the survey approach with descriptive survey research design where 100 nursing students studying in third year B.Sc. nursing programme were recruited through non probability purposive sampling technique from Sikkim Manipal College of Nursing, at Sikkim Nepal University Gangtok, East Sikkim. Structured knowledge questionnaire on PCOS and Self preventive measures regarding PCOS were used to collect data on nursing student’s knowledge and self-preventive measures regarding PCOS for which validity and reliability was ensured. Which Statistically revealed that significant difference was found between demographic characteristics such as sources of information (41.6%) with students’ knowledge (P≤0.05). The study concluded that, all of the students (100%) had poor knowledge regarding poly-cystic ovarian syndrome. but it was having its association with the sources of information, its management then the syndrome can be identified at its early stage. 30

Main findings • After administration of an planned teaching programme, post-test findings showed that significant increase in the knowledge of high school girls on poly-cystic ovarian disease. • There was a significant difference between mean pre-test and post-test knowledge Scores of high school girls regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease. Hence planned teaching programme regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease was effective method to improve knowledge among high school girls. • Planned teaching programme is proved to be one of the effective teaching method.

of the study: • The study was confined to the specific geographical area i.e., high school girls at selected school at Hassan, which impose limits to any larger generalization. • The study was conducted over small group of target population selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique, Hence generalization is limited to the high school girls of selected high school at Hassan. • Teaching plan was not based on the learning needs of subjects under the study, but on the basis of review of literature and investigators experience. • Extraneous variables like previous exposure to mass media, learning environment, peer contact or any other events occurred in period between pre-test and post-test were beyond investigator’s control as control group was not used, there were possibility of threats to internal validity. • No attempts were made to do the follow up to check the retention of knowledge of high school girls. Implication : The result obtained from the study helped the researcher to derive certain implications of this study are important in the areas of nursing education, nursing practice, nursing administration and nursing research. Nursing Education : Detail information regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease should be added in the curriculum of nursing education. it can be utilized to teach the nursing students, who are future nurses, to enhance their knowledge and skill in order to practice in their clinical area. Nursing practice : The obligation of the nursing profession is the provision of care and services to the human being. The study result can be used to provide effective education to individual, family and community. Several implications may be drawn from the present study for nursing practice. Nurses working in the hospitals, educational institutions, remand homes, orphanages and community set ups may utilize PTP to educate the needy client. Nursing Administration : Nursing administration may plan and organize continuing public programme regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease for public with the help of medical and surgical departments by utilizing the PTP and inservice educational programmes can be conducted for Nursing officers working in clinical areas by Nurse educators & Nurse administrators. Nursing Research : Similar type of teaching programme can be prepared to provide education regarding assessment and prevention of poly-cystic ovarian disease and other different reproductive disorders and can be tested for their effectiveness. More extension and intensive studies can be conducted regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease and can be published in research publications in this area by using different methods of teaching, settings, samples and sampling techniques.

In the present study, the following conclusion were drawn from the study: • The knowledge of the high school girls on poly-cystic ovarian disease was inadequate before administration of planned teaching programme. • After administration of an planned teaching programme, post-test findings showed that significant increase in the knowledge of high school girls on poly-cystic ovarian disease. • Planned teaching programme is proved to be one of the effective teaching method. Recommendations: On the basis of the findings of the study following recommendations have been made: A similar study may be conducted on large sample to generalize the findings. Similar study can be undertaken by using other teaching strategies. The study can be replicated on a large sample with a control group. • An experimental study can be conducted to find the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding poly-cystic ovarian disease among young adults. • A similar study can be conducted on rural students, occupational areas, colleges and infertility clinics etc… • Manuals, information booklets and teaching programs may be developed in the area of prevention of poly-cystic ovarian disease. It is recommended to control the variables like age, religion, education of parents, menstrual cycle, residential area, associated medical diseases, socio-economic status and previous source of information as they are associated with knowledge level of respondents. Acknowledgment: The authors acknowledge the high school girls for participating in the study and especially the head master of CKS high school, Hassan for granting permission to conduct the research study. Conflit of intrest- The author has declared no conflicts of interest.

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Authors Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 771views 296downloads Citations Download citation Swathi shree N. “A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS IN SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL, AT HASSAN”. Authorea. 04 March 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174110764.46892033/v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174110764.46892033/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu.