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by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-04
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The paper studied a modular therapeutic drug delivery platform that synthesizes heterotrifunctional bio-orthogonal macromolecular conjugates (BMCs) by combining targeting ligands, cell-penetrating peptides, and bioactive cargos, with optimization of bioconjugation chemistries to improve yields, structural integrity, and activity. Across assays, fluorescently labeled BMCs demonstrated endosomal escape and intracellular accumulation, MYB transcription factor inhibitor peptidomimetic BMCs showed anti-leukemic activity, and CRISPR-Cas9 BMCs enabled rapid, cell type-specific gene editing in human cells, with findings supporting the platform’s versatility. A stated caveat is that performance was demonstrated in specific application contexts rather than as a universal in vivo safety and efficacy evaluation. Relevance to endometriosis: the paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.
Abstract
Targeted delivery of macromolecular therapeutics holds great promise for overcoming the limitations of conventional small molecules, enabling modulation of protein-protein interactions and precise genome editing. However, efficient, safe, and cell type-specific delivery remains a major challenge. To address this, we developed a modular platform for synthesizing heterotrifunctional bio-orthogonal macromolecular conjugates (BMCs) by engineering diverse combinations of targeting ligands, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), and bioactive cargos. We optimized facile bioconjugation chemistries to generate BMCs with improved yields, structural integrity, and activity. Modular BMCs accommodate diverse components, including antibodies and receptor ligands for targeting, CPPs for intracellular trafficking, and optical probes, therapeutic peptidomimetics, and CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease as cargos to confer specific biological activities. We assayed their utility across multiple applications: BMCs with fluorescently labeled cargo revealed endosomal escape and intracellular accumulation; peptidomimetic MYB transcription factor inhibitor BMCs exhibited potent anti-leukemic activity against acute myeloid leukemia cells; and Cas9 BMCs achieved rapid delivery and cell type-specific gene editing in human cells. The BMC approach enables customizable delivery of functional macromolecules, nominating BMCs as a broadly applicable platform for biomedical applications. One-Sentence Summary The establishment of modular platform for synthesizing bio-orthogonal macromolecular conjugates (BMC) enabled fast and targeted delivery of membrane-impermeant macromolecular drugs.
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Abstract
Targeted delivery of macromolecular therapeutics holds great promise for overcoming the limitations of conventional small molecules, enabling modulation of protein-protein interactions and precise genome editing. However, efficient, safe, and cell type-specific delivery remains a major challenge. To address this, we developed a modular platform for synthesizing heterotrifunctional bio-orthogonal macromolecular conjugates (BMCs) by engineering diverse combinations of targeting ligands, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), and bioactive cargos. We optimized facile bioconjugation chemistries to generate BMCs with improved yields, structural integrity, and activity. Modular BMCs accommodate diverse components, including antibodies and receptor ligands for targeting, CPPs for intracellular trafficking, and optical probes, therapeutic peptidomimetics, and CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease as cargos to confer specific biological activities. We assayed their utility across multiple applications: BMCs with fluorescently labeled cargo revealed endosomal escape and intracellular accumulation; peptidomimetic MYB transcription factor inhibitor BMCs exhibited potent anti-leukemic activity against acute myeloid leukemia cells; and Cas9 BMCs achieved rapid delivery and cell type-specific gene editing in human cells. The BMC approach enables customizable delivery of functional macromolecules, nominating BMCs as a broadly applicable platform for biomedical applications.
One-Sentence Summary The establishment of modular platform for synthesizing bio-orthogonal macromolecular conjugates (BMC) enabled fast and targeted delivery of membrane-impermeant macromolecular drugs.
Competing Interest Statement
AK is a consultant for Novartis, Rgenta, Blueprint, Syndax, and Sellas. AK, NW, and DL are inventors on patents issued for MYB mimetic inhibitors and cell penetration reagents, which is held by MSK. AK, NW, DL, SAW, and DEB have filed patents describing the engineering and use of bio-orthogonal macromolecular conjugates, held by MSK, UM, and BCH. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
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