Mass Damping Theory as a Classical Alternative to Dark Energy: Resolving the Hubble Tension

The Hubble tension reveals a growing discrepancy between early- and late-universe measurements of the Hubble constant. We present Mass Damping Theory (MDT) as a classical alternative to dark energy, where mass suppresses spacetime's vibrational freedom, modulating gravity based on cosmic density. As the universe expands and mass disperses, damping weakens and expansion accelerates—mimicking a cosmological constant without invoking vacuum energy. Applying MDT to DESI DR1 galaxy distributions, we reconstruct H(z) and obtain a best-fit H0=72.98±1.5 km/s/Mpc, consistent with local observations and early-universe constraints. MDT offers a unified, geometric resolution to the Hubble tension, predicting late-time acceleration as an emergent feature of evolving spacetime dynamics.