Effects of Short-Term Methionine and Cysteine Restriction and Enrichment With Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Oral Glucose Tolerance, Plasma Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, Lactate and Pyruvate: Results From a Pilot Study

Abstract ObjectiveIn this 7-day pilot study we randomized healthy, normal-weight men and women to either a dietary intervention with methionine and cysteine restriction enriched in PUFA (Met/Cyslow+PUFA, n = 7) or with high contents of methionine, cysteine and SFA (Met/Cyshigh+SFA, n = 7). The objective was to describe the short-term responses in the oral glucose tolerance, amino acid profile, total fatty acid profile, pyruvate and lactate following a Met/Cyslow+PUFA diet vs. Met/Cyshigh+SFA.ResultsThe diet groups consisted of five women and two men, aged 20-38 years. After the 7-d intervention median pre- and post-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose concentrations were 5 mmol/L and 4 mmol/L respectively, in the Met/Cyslow+PUFA group. In the Met/Cyshigh+SFA group median pre- and post-OGTT glucose concentrations were 4.8 mmol/L and 4.65 mmol/L after the 7-d intervention. The response in the amino acid profile were similar in both groups during the intervention with the exception of serine. Fatty acids decreased from baseline to day 7 in both groups. Plasma lactate and pyruvate were similar for both groups with an increase to day 3 before approaching baseline values at day 7.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02647970, registration date: 6 January 2016