Perisomatic Features Enable Efficient and Dataset Wide Cell-Type Classifications Across Large-Scale Electron Microscopy Volumes

Mammalian neocortex contains a highly diverse set of cell types. These types have been mapped systematically using a variety of molecular, electrophysiological and morphological approaches. Each modality offers new perspectives on the variation of biological processes underlying cell type specialization. Cellular scale electron microscopy (EM) provides dense ultrastructural examination and an unbiased perspective into the subcellular organization of brain cells, including their synaptic connectivity and nanometer scale morphology. It also presents a clear challenge for analysis to identify cell-types in data that contains tens of thousands of neurons, most of which have incomplete reconstructions. To address this challenge, we present the first systematic survey of the somatic region of all cells within a cubic millimeter of cortex using quantitative features obtained from EM. This analysis demonstrates a surprising sufficiency of the perisomatic region to identify cell-types, including types defined primarily based on their connectivity patterns. We then describe how this classification facilitates cell type specific connectivity characterization and locating cells with rare connectivity patterns in the dataset.