Life Table Construction for Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae): The Effect of Different Plant Nutrient Conditions on Insect Performance

Crapemyrtle Bark Scale ( Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae ; CMBS) is an invasive pest species that primarily infest crapemyrtles ( Lagerstroemia spp. ) in the United States. Recent reports have revealed the dire threat of CMBS to attack not only crapemrytles but also the U.S. native species with expanded host plants such as American beautyberry ( Callicarpa spp. ) and Hypericum kalmianum L. (St. Johnswort). A better understanding of plant-insect interaction will provide better and environmental-friendly pest management strategies. In this study, we constructed the first comprehensive life table for CMBS to characterize its biological parameters, including developmental stages, reproductive behavior, and fecundity. The indirect effect of three plant nutrient conditions (water, 0.01MS, and 0.1MS) on CMBS populations was examined using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The demographic analyses revealed that the plant nutrient conditions had significantly altered CMBS development in terms of the intrinsic rate of increase ( r ), the finite rate of increase ( λ ), the net reproductive rate ( R0 ), and mean generation time ( T ). Higher r , λ , and R0 were recorded under nutrient-deficient conditions (water), while CMBS reared on plants with healthier growing conditions (0.1MS) had the most prolonged T . Overall, CMBS shows better insect performance when reared on plants under nutrient-deficient conditions.