Behavioral goal-setting for veterans with trauma distress: A qualitative report of goals and outcomes in a self-guided intervention

Goal setting is a key component to psychotherapy; however, little is known about self-generated goals of veterans with trauma distress. In this study, we explored goals set by veterans within a positive psychology intervention. Qualitative data were collected in an web-based intervention study that targeted positive social processes by eliciting moral elevation—feeling inspired by others’ virtuous actions. The sample included veterans who endorsed significant PTSD symptoms and moral injury distress. Participants completed 8 web-based, self-guided sessions that included setting their own goals and reporting on the outcomes in subsequent sessions using text responses. All qualitative data were coded using an inductive approach by study personnel. Separate raters reviewed all codes independently to identify themes. The most common themes of self-generated goals included prosocial behavior, enhancing family relationships, and self-improvement activities. Themes for successful outcome reactions included positive emotions and noticing a positive impact on others. Common themes for barriers included other responsibilities, interfering negative emotions, lack of motivation, and personal limitations. Strategies to overcome barriers were also identified. These qualitative findings offer a novel contribution by providing greater context for behavioral goal pursuits among veterans with trauma distress and warrant further examination into the goal setting process for this population.