Directed crystallization of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) film by an iron(III) dodecyl sulfate lamellar superstructure

Directed crystallization of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) film by an iron(III) dodecyl sulfate lamellar superstructure | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Directed crystallization of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) film by an iron(III) dodecyl sulfate lamellar superstructure Sungsoo Kim, FENG MA, Sang-il Choi, Dooyong Lee, Sungkyun Park, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3316858/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 15 Sep, 2024 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The synthesis and properties of the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):dodecyl sulfate (PEDOT:DS) film are presented and its directed crystallization is described. Iron(III) dodecyl sulfate (Fe(DS)3) multi-lamellar vesicles (MLVs), a newly introduced growth template and a key factor upgrading the vapor-phase polymerization (VPP) of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), was used to synthesize a highly conductive, transparent, and mechanically durable film specifically suitable for next-generation flexible electronics. The PEDOT film formed with Fe(DS)3, and doped with DS anions, is highly transparent, metallically conductive (max. ~1.1 × 104 S cm-1), and mechanically highly durable but still flexible. These outstanding physical properties of the VPP-PEDOT film exclusively originate from the MLVs of Fe(DS)3, which have a lamellar superstructure, and simultaneously play several advantageous roles during VPP: a highly effective oxidant without side reactions, a highly efficient in-situ dopant, a template for large-scale crystal growth, and an enhancer of water resistance and durability. The crystal growth of PEDOT is directed by several hundred micrometer-sized lamellar planes of the densely packed Fe(DS)3 surfactant molecules to fabricate a PEDOT:DS co-crystal of approximately the same size. These findings provide a new direction for the synthesis of more conductive, transparent, robust, and flexible polymer electrode materials in future by constructing MLV-type oxidants with a more sophisticated design. Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials for devices/Electronic devices Physical sciences/Chemistry/Polymer chemistry/Conjugated polymers Physical sciences/Materials science/Soft materials/Polymers Full Text Additional Declarations Yes there is potential Competing Interest. Two of the authors of this article, Feng Ma and Sungsoo Kim, have applied for a Korean patent (10-2224357) related to the work through Flexolution Corporation in Korea. All the other authors declare that they have no competing interest. Supplementary Files References.docx CyclicbendingtestofPEDOTDSfilm.wmv Cyclic bending test of PEDOT:DS film SupplementaryInformationofPEDOTDSfilm.docx Supplementary information Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 15 Sep, 2024 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3316858","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":235060123,"identity":"fdfb2d0f-84a3-4539-b504-24a737b79e84","order_by":0,"name":"Sungsoo Kim","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAArElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACHsYGhg9QNpBJpBbGGSRqYWBg5iFJi3zP4dbNtjvsEhvYDz9gnLmHCC0GZxvbbueeSU5s4EkzYNzwjBgt/IxALW0HEhsYchgYHxwgxmH9QC2WIC38b4jUwgByGCNIiwTQlg3EaDE4c7DtZu+ZZOM2iWcGB2cQ5bCe9Gc3fu6wk+3nT374sIcoh4EAKD7YgDTRGoiO9VEwCkbBKBipAAAzKDs2TqWw2gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Paichai University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sungsoo","middleName":"","lastName":"Kim","suffix":""},{"id":235060124,"identity":"66a4fa59-3ca2-4129-8ca7-c435c00e0149","order_by":1,"name":"FENG MA","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"FENG","middleName":"","lastName":"MA","suffix":""},{"id":235060125,"identity":"f2ca50ad-d0c4-4483-9ede-ee4f75db902e","order_by":2,"name":"Sang-il Choi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Paichai University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sang-il","middleName":"","lastName":"Choi","suffix":""},{"id":235060126,"identity":"7220d5f9-cf88-4b94-b525-00beb972555e","order_by":3,"name":"Dooyong Lee","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Physics Education, Kyungpook National University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dooyong","middleName":"","lastName":"Lee","suffix":""},{"id":235060127,"identity":"44764324-1d3a-4edf-9a5f-a4fd4fc84cee","order_by":4,"name":"Sungkyun Park","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1816-310X","institution":"Pusan National University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sungkyun","middleName":"","lastName":"Park","suffix":""},{"id":235060128,"identity":"e8b07eda-ff64-4eef-9d48-b8cd9cb8d503","order_by":5,"name":"Sung-Pyo Cho","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Seoul national university","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sung-Pyo","middleName":"","lastName":"Cho","suffix":""},{"id":235060129,"identity":"6f3ed136-f724-49dd-84df-cb8a62c50a79","order_by":6,"name":"Jin-Hyo Boo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jin-Hyo","middleName":"","lastName":"Boo","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-09-01 11:25:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3316858/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3316858/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51621-1","type":"published","date":"2024-09-16T00:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":65099785,"identity":"8a813e67-1e87-4572-8bfd-42eb7cfd0361","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-23 15:11:54","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2993999,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DirectedCrystallizationofaPEDOTDSFilmbyanFeDS3LamellarSuperstructureFinalversion.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3316858/v1_covered_3fbbcd52-b790-486b-b066-e7407a682331.pdf"},{"id":44959271,"identity":"3d9b2d0c-18d4-4457-9bd2-b2bdcd21c5ca","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-10-20 03:15:36","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":25657,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"References.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3316858/v1/876a7417ebd3bed0017bd4e5.docx"},{"id":44959272,"identity":"d93b0ea2-19e3-426f-992d-1f3bf94dede4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-10-20 03:15:37","extension":"wmv","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1962597,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Cyclic bending test of PEDOT:DS film","description":"","filename":"CyclicbendingtestofPEDOTDSfilm.wmv","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3316858/v1/a4de09253529b82866212ba0.wmv"},{"id":44959273,"identity":"947d3cac-f4c8-4635-bf7e-7ec3736c7a8e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-10-20 03:15:37","extension":"docx","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":33888103,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Supplementary information","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryInformationofPEDOTDSfilm.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3316858/v1/1f0ec4cc4939037a4928ba2a.docx"}],"financialInterests":"\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e there is potential Competing Interest.\nTwo of the authors of this article, Feng Ma and Sungsoo Kim, have applied for a Korean patent (10-2224357) related to the work through Flexolution Corporation in Korea. All the other authors declare that they have no competing interest.","formattedTitle":"Directed crystallization of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) film by an iron(III) dodecyl sulfate lamellar superstructure","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-portfolio","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Portfolio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3316858/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3316858/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe synthesis and properties of the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):dodecyl sulfate (PEDOT:DS) film are presented and its directed crystallization is described. Iron(III) dodecyl sulfate (Fe(DS)3) multi-lamellar vesicles (MLVs), a newly introduced growth template and a key factor upgrading the vapor-phase polymerization (VPP) of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), was used to synthesize a highly conductive, transparent, and mechanically durable film specifically suitable for next-generation flexible electronics. The PEDOT film formed with Fe(DS)3, and doped with DS anions, is highly transparent, metallically conductive (max. ~1.1 × 104 S cm-1), and mechanically highly durable but still flexible. These outstanding physical properties of the VPP-PEDOT film exclusively originate from the MLVs of Fe(DS)3, which have a lamellar superstructure, and simultaneously play several advantageous roles during VPP: a highly effective oxidant without side reactions, a highly efficient in-situ dopant, a template for large-scale crystal growth, and an enhancer of water resistance and durability. The crystal growth of PEDOT is directed by several hundred micrometer-sized lamellar planes of the densely packed Fe(DS)3 surfactant molecules to fabricate a PEDOT:DS co-crystal of approximately the same size. These findings provide a new direction for the synthesis of more conductive, transparent, robust, and flexible polymer electrode materials in future by constructing MLV-type oxidants with a more sophisticated design.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Directed crystallization of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) film by an iron(III) dodecyl sulfate lamellar superstructure","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-10-20 03:15:32","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3316858/v1","editorialEvents":[],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-communications","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"NCOMMS","sideBox":"Learn more about [Nature Communications](http://www.nature.com/ncomms/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://mts-ncomms.nature.com/","title":"Nature Communications","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Nature Communications","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0bf97095-b7a9-44e7-91a1-3404cf67a6a0","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 20th, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":24895528,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials for devices/Electronic devices"},{"id":24895529,"name":"Physical sciences/Chemistry/Polymer chemistry/Conjugated polymers"},{"id":24895530,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science/Soft materials/Polymers"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-09-23T15:11:45+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-3316858","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51621-1","journal":{"identity":"nature-communications","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Nature Communications"},"publishedOn":"2024-09-16 00:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"September 16th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2023-10-20 03:15:32","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41467-024-51621-1","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51621-1","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3316858","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3316858","identity":"rs-3316858","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}