Diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine-dependent Lipid Remodeling in a Green Alga, Chlorella Kessleri

Diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine-dependent Lipid Remodeling in a Green Alga, Chlorella Kessleri | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Diacylglyceryl- N,N,N -trimethylhomoserine-dependent Lipid Remodeling in a Green Alga, Chlorella Kessleri Yutaro Oishi, Rie Otaki, Yukari Iijima, Eri Kumagai, Motohide Aoki, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-558352/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 11 Jan, 2022 Read the published version in Communications Biology → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Membrane lipid remodeling contributes to environmental 19 acclimation of plants. In a green lineage, a betaine lipid, diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS), is included exclusively among green algae and non-flowering plants. Here we show that, a green alga, Chlorella kessleri, reported to exceptionally possess no DGTS, synthesizes it specifically under phosphorus-deficiency conditions through the eukaryotic pathway via the ER. Simultaneously, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, which are similar to DGTS in its zwitterionic property, are almost completely degraded to release 18.1% cellular phosphorus, and to provide its diacylglycerol moieties for a part of DGTS synthesis. Above lipid remodeling system that substitutes DGTS for extrachloroplast phospholipids to lower the P-quota operates through expression induction of the gene for BTA1 that is functionally identified as responsible for DGTS synthesis, and those for0 phospholipid breakdown. Investigation of this lipid remodeling is necessary in a wide range of lower green plants for a comprehensive understanding of their phosphorus deficiency acclimation strategies. Plant Physiology and Morphology Plant Molecular Biology and Genetics betaine lipid BTA1 Chlorella kessleri diacylglyceryl-N N N-trimethylhomoserine extraplastid lipids lipid remodeling phosphatidylcholine phosphatidylethanolamine Pi-recycling phospholipase C Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Full-Text Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF. Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files s1.jpg Supplementary Fig. 1 Mass spectrometric identification of DGTS. (a) ESI mass spectra of DGTS expressed in E. coli. (b) Product ion spectrum of m/z 739 at (a). (c) Estimated fragmentation pattern for DGTS (16:0/18:1) from the product ion spectrum, in which the sn position of fatty acids is provisional. supptables.docx Supplementary information accompanies this paper. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 11 Jan, 2022 Read the published version in Communications Biology → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-558352","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":31136486,"identity":"5ff49c81-25f7-459e-b4b9-7491c407d8c4","order_by":0,"name":"Yutaro Oishi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yutaro","middleName":"","lastName":"Oishi","suffix":""},{"id":31136487,"identity":"a808726b-9d2b-4701-bc92-5c361c2646a9","order_by":1,"name":"Rie Otaki","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rie","middleName":"","lastName":"Otaki","suffix":""},{"id":31136488,"identity":"8a240a07-904a-4f22-a2be-9fe65b68ca53","order_by":2,"name":"Yukari Iijima","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yukari","middleName":"","lastName":"Iijima","suffix":""},{"id":31136489,"identity":"45b6d106-6000-4748-9219-7d980e0b7bbe","order_by":3,"name":"Eri Kumagai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Eri","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumagai","suffix":""},{"id":31136490,"identity":"ae2b845a-9f1e-4852-b27a-3befcf6977db","order_by":4,"name":"Motohide Aoki","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Motohide","middleName":"","lastName":"Aoki","suffix":""},{"id":31136491,"identity":"c04559d3-b698-4945-9c08-5cdf683235c6","order_by":5,"name":"Mikio Tsuzuki","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mikio","middleName":"","lastName":"Tsuzuki","suffix":""},{"id":31136492,"identity":"f4e5b980-9df4-4256-93a2-c65cd8c9cfdd","order_by":6,"name":"Shoko Fujiwara","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shoko","middleName":"","lastName":"Fujiwara","suffix":""},{"id":31136493,"identity":"6d66b20a-37e8-4711-bd1a-2505c7916361","order_by":7,"name":"Norihiro Sato","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA80lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCCCgso4wCEMiCgnrGB4YwEAwMbSVoY29C04AXm/IefP/g4T8KeQb75mMSPM4cZ+NsPMBQX4NFiOSPNsHHmNonEBja2NMmeG4cZJM4kMBjPwKPF4AaDYTPvNokEBjYeMwmeD4cZGG4wMBjz4NNy/vjHZt45QIcBtUj+AWqRJ6jlQA7QlgYJxgagFmkeoMMMCGq5kVM4c8YxicQ2trRka5kz6TyGZxIb8Pvl/PENHz7U2NjzMx8+ePPNMWs5ueOHjxnjCzE4AEYLCzB2GIBOYmwzJkYHCDB/gDEeE6tlFIyCUTAKRgQAANiQSIC3lEjwAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Norihiro","middleName":"","lastName":"Sato","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-05-25 03:06:03","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-558352/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-558352/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02927-z","type":"published","date":"2022-01-11T12:27:46+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":10158927,"identity":"d55fd5f8-b439-472d-a32f-96e7357e86ef","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-09 14:31:26","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":67024,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"DGTS and PC contents in green algae grown under +P conditions. (a) Respective\ncontents of DGTS and PC relative to that of total polar lipids. (b) The proportion of DGTS and PC contents. White and black bars indicate the contents of DGTS and PC, respectively. The values were obtained from previous reports (10-15,17).","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558352/v1/3696a8abc4a891b91567f241.jpg"},{"id":10158175,"identity":"14868f55-604e-4ae1-846f-0d714bf8f817","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-09 14:25:25","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":70777,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effects of -P stress on physiological behavior in C. kessleri cells. (a) Cell growth\non the basis of the OD730 value of the culture. (b) Chl content in the culture. (c) The cellular Chl content obtained through estimation of the relative ratios of the values in (b) to those in (a). White and black circles indicate cells grown under +P and -P conditions, respectively. (d) Pi contents measured in cells grown under +P conditions (0 h), and in ones grown further for 48 h under + P and -P conditions. (e) Images of the cells emitting red auto-fluorescence of Chl and/or the green fluorescence of SYTOX bound to chromosomal DNA. The survival ratio of the cells was determined through estimation of the proportion of the number of viable cells emitting only red fluorescence, relative to that of total cells, including non-viable cells with emission of green fluorescence only and with that of both red and green fluorescence. The values shown are averages ± SEM for two technical replicates for each of four biological replicates (a-c), and those for three biological replicates (d, e). Data were analyzed by one-tailed Student's t-test.","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558352/v1/b44cac1d9fd326162da6f944.jpg"},{"id":10158931,"identity":"74b01dd1-0723-45a5-a0c0-99cf97237511","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-09 14:31:26","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":55317,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Lipid remodeling in C. kessleri cells in response to -P stress. (a) Qualitative TLC analysis of individual polar lipids prepared from cells grown under +P conditions (0 h), and from ones shifted to -P conditions for further growth for 24, 48, and 72 h. (b) Two-dimensional TLC profile of polar lipids in the cells grown for 48 h under +P or -P conditions. (c) Polar lipid composition in the cells grown for 48 h under +P (white bars) or -P conditions (black bars). (d) The contents of Pi included in individual phospholipids, relative to that in total cellular fraction. The values shown are averages ± SEM for two technical replicates for each of two biological replicates (c), and those estimated on the basis of the data in Fig. 2d and Fig. 3c (d). Data were analyzed by one-tailed Student's t-test.","description":"","filename":"3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558352/v1/2adca1c8500ed173775a8d7c.jpg"},{"id":10158590,"identity":"6c61ccab-f415-4c2b-8a11-1c5521bc65b4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-09 14:28:26","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":66272,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Identification of a -P-induced novel lipid as DGTS through LC/MS2 analysis. ESI mass spectra as to a novel lipid of C. kessleri (a) and DGTS of C. reinharditii (b). Product ion spectra (c), (d), and (e), as to m/z 737 in (a), m/z 735 in (b), and m/z 761 in (a), respectively.","description":"","filename":"4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558352/v1/f865cd4f74c4baf6a38b04bc.jpg"},{"id":10158585,"identity":"d608caa1-0551-4126-97ec-64ddebe1e78f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-09 14:28:25","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":95185,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Fatty acid composition of individual polar lipids. The fatty acid compositions of MGDG (a), DGDG (b), SQDG (c), and PG (d) are shown for 48-h grown +P (black bars) and -P cells (white bars), whereas those of PC (e) and PE (f), and DGTS (g) are for +P and -P cells, respectively. The fatty acid composition of sn-2 monoacyl lysoDGTS is shown in (h). The values shown are averages ± SEM for two technical replicates for each of two biological replicates. Data were analyzed by one-tailed Student's t-test.","description":"","filename":"5.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558352/v1/2e7961c8014ec2a1abf2d8e0.jpg"},{"id":10158930,"identity":"09737d5e-9b94-4a07-be6a-83c7e3741455","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-09 14:31:26","extension":"jpg","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":45628,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Metabolic mechanism of DGTS accumulation under -P conditions. Changes in the contents of DGTS (white), PC (grey), and PE (black) in cells grown for 12 h after a shift from +P to -P conditions, which were estimated in cells on an OD730 ml culture basis (a), and in the culture (b). (c) Effects of metabolic inhibitors or light conditions on the accumulation of DGTS in the cells shifted to -P conditions. The values were estimated as the proportion of the DGTS content in the cells with application of chloramphenicol (CAP), cycloheximide (CHI), cerulenin, and DCMU, and in those shifted to the dark conditions, relative to that in non-treated control cells. The values shown are averages ± SEM for three biological replicates. Data were analyzed by one-tailed Student's t-test.","description":"","filename":"6.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558352/v1/e7093643e6892d91beda160e.jpg"},{"id":10158179,"identity":"de8c3d8c-01a1-4252-bbd4-5fc73ef5a001","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-09 14:25:26","extension":"jpg","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":120295,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Structural and functional identification of a BTA1 homolog in C. kessleri. (a) Alignment of the postulated amino acid sequence of a BTA1 homolog with that of\nCrBTA1. Identical and similar amino acid residues are shadowed in black and grey. The vertical red line indicates the boundary of the N-terminal BtaB- and C-terminal BtaA-like domains, whereas two black boxes shows the conserved dipeptide VD for the binding of SAM, the substrate in the respective catalytic actions of BtaA and BtaB. (b) The structure of the of the BTA1 homolog of C. kessleri. The BTA1 homolog is composed of 18 exons on the nuclear genome. (c) Expression of cDNA of the BTA1 726 homolog in E. coli. SDS PAGE of total cellular proteins shows induction of the expression of the homolog protein in pMAL-CkBTA1 introduced E. coli cells, but not in empty-vector introduced ones. TLC of total cellular lipids shows the appearance of a novel lipid specifically in pMAL CkBTA1 introduced E. coli cells. (d) The ESI mass spectrum of the novel lipid in the transformant of E. coli. (e) The product ion spectrum of m/z 739 in (d). Note that the product ion spectrum exhibited three signals (m/z 144, 162 and 236) for identification of the novel lipid as DGTS.","description":"","filename":"7.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558352/v1/6908554dc9d3d45ea0341d62.jpg"},{"id":10158928,"identity":"89e5fb06-2287-4dd3-8484-d2ae5ec7b214","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-09 14:31:26","extension":"jpg","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":97293,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Phylogenetic trees of the BtaA and BtaB domains in BTA1 proteins. (a) Bacterial BtaA and eukaryotic BtaA-domains. (b) Bacterial BtaB and eukaryotic BtaB-domains. Two linked boxes, AB and BA, indicate eukaryotic A and B type BTA1 proteins, respectively, whereas single boxes, A and B, demonstrate bacterial BtaA and BtaB proteins, respectively.","description":"","filename":"8.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558352/v1/c5caeccaee6681851966318e.jpg"},{"id":10158588,"identity":"b1608ed0-3355-4faa-ba51-9e51606480a7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-09 14:28:26","extension":"jpg","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":68691,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Regulatory expression of the genes for -P induced lipid remodeling in C. kessleri. The expression levels of the BTA1, PLCC1, PLCC2, and PLP genes were investigated through semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis in C. kessleri cells before and after a shift to -P conditions. The intensities of the DNA bands that correspond to mRNAs of the individual genes were used for determination of the values, relative to that of ACT. The\n values shown are averages ± SEM for three biological replicates. Data were analyzed by one-tailed Student's t-test.","description":"","filename":"9.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558352/v1/d7724b84e441321b17a33f18.jpg"},{"id":17201053,"identity":"40001bb2-4911-45e7-9e5b-cd0f52d79693","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-01-11 12:27:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":14292012,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptCommu.Biol.byOishietal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558352/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":13642253,"identity":"e8a0881f-ce66-4e21-a9cf-4b7c9ee24e4d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 09:06:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":14286931,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptCommu.Biol.byOishietal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558352/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":10158981,"identity":"5f7bb2b8-1dfe-4fd7-ac18-a48dac21caa9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-09 14:31:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":14283220,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptCommu.Biol.byOishietal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558352/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":10158584,"identity":"8723edaf-9261-4055-a3d6-3bca98f57de1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-09 14:28:25","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":61312,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Supplementary Fig. 1 Mass spectrometric identification of DGTS.\n(a) ESI mass spectra of DGTS expressed in E. coli. (b) Product ion\nspectrum of m/z 739 at (a). (c) Estimated fragmentation pattern\nfor DGTS (16:0/18:1) from the product ion spectrum, in which\nthe sn position of fatty acids is provisional.","description":"","filename":"s1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558352/v1/ecfe1469f353e8a6e616cd57.jpg"},{"id":10158589,"identity":"e58c9b46-cde5-4c2c-a772-a659b7dcd54e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-09 14:28:26","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":138877,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Supplementary information accompanies this paper.","description":"","filename":"supptables.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-558352/v1/283cc6a2785edcc806eeafa9.docx"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eDiacylglyceryl-\u003cem\u003eN,N,N\u003c/em\u003e-trimethylhomoserine-dependent Lipid Remodeling in a Green Alga, Chlorella Kessleri\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full-Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eDue to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-portfolio","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Portfolio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"betaine lipid, BTA1, Chlorella kessleri, diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine, extraplastid lipids, lipid remodeling, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, Pi-recycling, phospholipase C","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-558352/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-558352/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eMembrane lipid remodeling contributes to environmental 19 acclimation of plants. In a green lineage, a betaine lipid, diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS), is included exclusively among green algae and non-flowering plants. Here we show that, a green alga, Chlorella kessleri, reported to exceptionally possess no DGTS, synthesizes it specifically under phosphorus-deficiency conditions through the eukaryotic pathway via the ER. Simultaneously, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, which are similar to DGTS in its zwitterionic property, are almost completely degraded to release 18.1% cellular phosphorus, and to provide its diacylglycerol moieties for a part of DGTS synthesis. Above lipid remodeling system that substitutes DGTS for extrachloroplast phospholipids to lower the P-quota operates through expression induction of the gene for BTA1 that is functionally identified as responsible for DGTS synthesis, and those for0 phospholipid breakdown. Investigation of this lipid remodeling is necessary in a wide\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003erange of lower green plants for a comprehensive understanding of their phosphorus deficiency acclimation strategies.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine-dependent Lipid Remodeling in a Green Alga, Chlorella Kessleri","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-06-09 14:25:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-558352/v1","editorialEvents":[],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"communications-biology","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"commsbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [Communications Biology](http://www.nature.com/commsbio/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Communications Biology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Communications Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8d135dac-f8f0-4b6d-9bdd-e04a6e5e2031","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 9th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":4907212,"name":"Plant Physiology and Morphology"},{"id":4907213,"name":"Plant Molecular Biology and Genetics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-01-11T12:27:46+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-558352","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02927-z","journal":{"identity":"communications-biology","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Communications Biology"},"publishedOn":"2022-01-11 12:27:46","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 11th, 2022"},"versionCreatedAt":"2021-06-09 14:25:24","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s42003-021-02927-z","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02927-z","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-558352","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-558352","identity":"rs-558352","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"rHA-KDH7Qsr4HCuvH75dn","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}