Probing Electromagnetic Nonreciprocity with Quantum Geometry of Photonic States

Probing Electromagnetic Nonreciprocity with Quantum Geometry of Photonic States | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Probing Electromagnetic Nonreciprocity with Quantum Geometry of Photonic States Ioannis Petrides, Jonathan Curtis, Marie Wesson, Amir Yacoby, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3745546/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Reciprocal and nonreciprocal effects in dielectric and magnetic materials provide crucial information about the microscopic properties of electrons. However, experimentally distinguishing the two has proven to be challenging, especially when the associated effects are extremely small. To this end, we propose a contact-less detection using a cross-cavity device where a material of interest is placed at its centre. We show that the optical properties of the material, such as Kerr and Faraday rotation, or, birefringence, manifest in the coupling between the cavity's electromagnetic modes and in the shift of their resonant frequencies. By calculating the dynamics of a geometrical photonic state, we formulate a measurement protocol based on the quantum metric (and quantum process tomography) that isolates the individual components of the material's complex refractive index and minimizes the quantum mechanical Cramer-Rao bound on the variance of the associated parameter estimation. Our approach is expected to be applicable across a broad spectrum of experimental platforms including Fock states in optical cavities, or, coherent states in microwave and THz resonators. Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials for optics/Quantum optics Physical sciences/Physics/Electronics, photonics and device physics/Photonic devices Physical sciences/Physics/Electronics, photonics and device physics/Superconducting devices Physical sciences/Physics/Quantum physics/Quantum metrology Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3745546","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":273088865,"identity":"92e101cc-1bd7-4e76-83cc-4a24b7780c3c","order_by":0,"name":"Ioannis Petrides","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACNjBpwMzAwN4AYlmAuYS0MDaAtfAcAPElCGthAGthAGqRSCBSC5908/HHFQXWcvIzn19g5qmRkGdgb94mgddhMscSG88YpBsb3M4pYOY5JmHYwHOsDL8WiRzDxgaDw4kbpHMSmHkbJBgbJHLMCGjJ/wjSUj9/5hmwFvsG+TeEtOQwgrQkMNxgPwDSktggwUNAi8wxw5kNBumGG87kMBycc0wiuY0nrdgCnxb52c0PPjb8sZaXbz/+8MGbGhvbfvbDG2/g08KAcAOPwQGwvXiVo2phf0BQ8SgYBaNgFIxMAAAHsULhKfp4+AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ioannis","middleName":"","lastName":"Petrides","suffix":""},{"id":273088866,"identity":"082f9b10-64a9-4481-94ed-2de07e01e021","order_by":1,"name":"Jonathan Curtis","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of California, Los Angeles","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jonathan","middleName":"","lastName":"Curtis","suffix":""},{"id":273088867,"identity":"0d5bfef8-fcf4-47dd-af30-04ce3724153e","order_by":2,"name":"Marie Wesson","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Harvard University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marie","middleName":"","lastName":"Wesson","suffix":""},{"id":273088868,"identity":"abff0a4d-30f5-41c2-98f5-25e3f913059d","order_by":3,"name":"Amir Yacoby","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5737-7963","institution":"Harvard University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amir","middleName":"","lastName":"Yacoby","suffix":""},{"id":273088869,"identity":"a3728bc6-cffa-4786-bc09-b7baa3fdabbe","order_by":4,"name":"Prineha Narang","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-4594","institution":"UCLA","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Prineha","middleName":"","lastName":"Narang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-12-12 21:00:07","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3745546/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3745546/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":56966517,"identity":"43e1b722-43e5-49b7-8cc4-84382155c83f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-22 20:13:21","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2095374,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Crosscavitydevice2.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3745546/v1_covered_75885080-af2f-486c-b9c8-da8bcb532172.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Probing Electromagnetic Nonreciprocity with Quantum Geometry of Photonic States","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3745546/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3745546/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eReciprocal and nonreciprocal effects in dielectric and magnetic materials provide crucial information about the microscopic properties of electrons. 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