Synthesis of Pb3O4-SiO2-ZnO-WO3 glasses and their fundamental properties for gamma shielding applications

Synthesis of Pb3O4-SiO2-ZnO-WO3 glasses and their fundamental properties for gamma shielding applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Synthesis of Pb3O4-SiO2-ZnO-WO3 glasses and their fundamental properties for gamma shielding applications kh. S. Shaaban, E. A Abdel Wahab, Sultan Alomairy, C. Mutuwong, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-435157/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this research, we prepared zinc lead silicate glass system with the composition 35Pb 3 O 4 -60SiO 2 - (5-x) ZnO-xWO 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 5 mol %) via the melt-quench method. XRD is explored the nature of the glass system. Ultrasonic velocity, and elastic modulus were experimentally investigated and then the results were confirmed by using the theoretical calculations. It was found that because of molar volume reduction inter-ionic distance \({R}_{i}\) , polaron radius \({r}_{p}\) , and inter-nuclear distance, \({r}_{i}\) of the investigated glasses are reduced with WO 3 content. The basic attenuation factors; mass and linear coefficients denoted by µ/ρ and µ, respectively, were determined employing several simulations for each energy via FLUKA code. As WO 3 content increased from 0 to 5 mol %, the µ increased from 0.728 cm − 1 to 0.856 cm − 1 achieving high shielding performance for the sample with x = 5 mol %. At 0.6 MeV with x = 5 mol %, we found that the dose rate of the prepared glass system decreases from 2.35 × 10 7 R/h at 1 mm to 4.71 × 10 6 R/h at 4 mm. The values of MFP and HVL are lower than those of the conventional photon shields indicating that our prepared glass samples (especially G5 glass sample) have promising shielding properties to use for x/gamma rays applications. Materials Chemistry Silicate glass micro-hardness XRD Structural properties Gamma shielding Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-435157","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":22318687,"identity":"8404d21b-92bc-4f07-a1be-c2ec64416673","order_by":0,"name":"kh. S. Shaaban","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7UlEQVRIie3PvQrCMBDA8WggLiddEyr1FQqFTIKv0iLUpZsggiKFgpM4C+I7ODm3BDL5ABEd/EAnBydxEuvoUuMmmN9w0/25BCHD+EGU5sNHCEj9mO0QSvWTmoXClquf5BosjjjVStgsOS12vSG4qQz7MNg6FsL7gypI7Jrkyl8JcLNEbkCePRYTz4sKEof6XAWjFFxBwg0QESxSIHZx0r6p4JE/TALvwEMjsWmUX4kxsDFwXB1pJGwadZUvBViUtNh8IjyWfPgLVe3l+j4YNgnF2fVyE45VSfbHouRNGV4T666/lO7fbBuGYfyNJ3V0T04c1LjWAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5969-3089","institution":"Al-Azhar University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"kh.","middleName":"S.","lastName":"Shaaban","suffix":""},{"id":22318688,"identity":"4f74710a-5358-493f-8b64-27755ae6d6cc","order_by":1,"name":"E. 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function of WO3 content.","description":"","filename":"f3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-435157/v1/e2867d90743c9b0c14acb2b3.jpg"},{"id":8305560,"identity":"7014a30a-6a91-4a73-83c6-28091b9d58be","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-21 22:20:47","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":49635,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Oxygen packing density and oxygen molar volume as a function of WO3 content.","description":"","filename":"f4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-435157/v1/cbd0bd1e88df4ddb4ffe4871.jpg"},{"id":8305242,"identity":"b66696dd-9ce6-420e-84b8-ec2d4f306bf1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-21 22:17:47","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":50160,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Ultrasonic velocities of prepared glasses with varying quantities of 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WO3.","description":"","filename":"f7.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-435157/v1/f8f2f93bfdd072ad1c0f6e90.jpg"},{"id":8304791,"identity":"f06f94b6-490a-4b4d-afc9-58bce56e6e28","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-21 22:11:47","extension":"jpg","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":31981,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Schematic representation of the narrow beam transmission geometry drawn in the present work using FLUKA code.","description":"","filename":"f8.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-435157/v1/6027b8a8bd2725ec40d30471.jpg"},{"id":8304940,"identity":"ad0f1f44-a8e9-4f6b-89a1-a786f9726a2a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-21 22:14:47","extension":"jpg","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":47102,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Photon energy dependence of the linear and mass attenuation coefficients for the SiO2–Pb3O4–ZnO–WO3 glasses.","description":"","filename":"f9.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-435157/v1/3cd7c4af7d757fd42b3747f4.jpg"},{"id":8305238,"identity":"d8745ae1-9956-45e0-9282-de200e921dcb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-21 22:17:47","extension":"jpg","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":73061,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Variations of mean free path and half value layer as a function of photon energy for the SiO2–Pb3O4–ZnO–WO3 glasses in comparison to ordinary, hematite-serpentine, ilmenite-limonite, basalt-magnetite, ilmenite, steel-scrap, and steel-magnetite concretes and commercial RS-253-G18 and RS360 glasses.","description":"","filename":"f10.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-435157/v1/29d30a7a50600eeda5a8281d.jpg"},{"id":8304939,"identity":"38afec54-e10f-4611-8d46-64295d583439","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-21 22:14:47","extension":"jpg","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":48136,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Photon energy dependence of the effective atomic number and effective electron density for the SiO2–Pb3O4–ZnO–WO3 glasses.","description":"","filename":"f11.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-435157/v1/8612784f75ed799449d50bb8.jpg"},{"id":8304933,"identity":"eebd7567-8ee8-4d06-96eb-525c6857c95c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-21 22:14:47","extension":"jpg","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":39211,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Specific gamma ray constant for the SiO2–Pb3O4–ZnO–WO3 glasses at different photon energies (1, 2, 4, and 8 MeV).","description":"","filename":"f12.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-435157/v1/4edce22c89d3a10731b6ecdf.jpg"},{"id":8304936,"identity":"ae22c189-4d11-41e9-953b-a0e17003c7aa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-21 22:14:47","extension":"jpg","order_by":13,"title":"Figure 13","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":71965,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Variations of gamma dose rate at different energy levels for the SiO2–Pb3O4–ZnO–WO3 glasses.","description":"","filename":"f13.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-435157/v1/2e9fa55dd96c43352c746ac2.jpg"},{"id":13624237,"identity":"7ba5e6a0-b051-4ff7-aed7-87ac6fb192fe","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 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PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Silicate glass, micro-hardness, XRD, Structural properties, Gamma shielding","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-435157/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-435157/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn this research, we prepared zinc lead silicate glass system with the composition 35Pb\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e-60SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e- (5-x) ZnO-xWO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (0\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;x\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5 mol %) via the melt-quench method. XRD is explored the nature of the glass system. Ultrasonic velocity, and elastic modulus were experimentally investigated and then the results were confirmed by using the theoretical calculations. It was found that because of molar volume reduction inter-ionic distance\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({R}_{i}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, polaron radius \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({r}_{p}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, and inter-nuclear distance, \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({r}_{i}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eof the investigated glasses are reduced with WO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e content. The basic attenuation factors; mass and linear coefficients denoted by \u0026micro;/ρ and \u0026micro;, respectively, were determined employing several simulations for each energy via FLUKA code. As WO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e content increased from 0 to 5 mol %, the \u0026micro; increased from 0.728 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e to 0.856 cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e achieving high shielding performance for the sample with x\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5 mol %. At 0.6 MeV with x\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5 mol %, we found that the dose rate of the prepared glass system decreases from 2.35 \u0026times; 10\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e R/h at 1 mm to 4.71 \u0026times; 10\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e R/h at 4 mm. The values of MFP and HVL are lower than those of the conventional photon shields indicating that our prepared glass samples (especially G5 glass sample) have promising shielding properties to use for x/gamma rays applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Synthesis of Pb3O4-SiO2-ZnO-WO3 glasses and their fundamental properties for gamma shielding applications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-04-21 22:11:44","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-435157/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d3b098e4-9f1e-4717-94be-12bcd71b5f1b","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 21st, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":3805893,"name":"Materials Chemistry"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-06-20T12:21:37+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-04-21 22:11:44","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-435157","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-435157","identity":"rs-435157","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"-HB7Z8yhvgn0wM9Nzuekk","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}