Energy Efficiency vs Spectral Efficiency Tradeoff in Multi-user MIMO-OFDM Systems with Hardware Nonlinearities

Energy Efficiency vs Spectral Efficiency Tradeoff in Multi-user MIMO-OFDM Systems with Hardware Nonlinearities | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Energy Efficiency vs Spectral Efficiency Tradeoff in Multi-user MIMO-OFDM Systems with Hardware Nonlinearities MOHAMMAD PARVINI, Bitan Banerjee, Muhammad Qurratulain Khan, Ahmad Nimr, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7591513/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Energy efficiency (EE) is a fundamental design criterion in multi-user multipleinput multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems. Accurate evaluation of EE requires a comprehensive end-to-end (E2E) model that accounts for practical hardware impairments such as finite-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs)/digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and non-linear operation of power amplifiers (PAs). In this work, we first develop a hybrid beamforming algorithm for a MU-MIMO-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with the aim of maximizing the total spectral efficiency (SE) of the users and reducing the multi-user interference (MUI). To evaluate the EE of the system, we then develop an E2E model that considers the joint impact of finite-resolution DACs, ADCs, and nonlinearity in PAs. The DACs/ADCs behavior is expressed using the additive quantization noise model (AQNM), while Bussgang decomposition is used to characterize PA nonlinearity. Simulation results provide insights into the impact of hardware impairments on the EE-SE trade-off, highlighting critical design considerations and performance trade-offs for energy-efficient system implementations. Spectral effciency energy effciency multiple-input multiple-output hardware nonlinearity massive multi-user MIMO OFDM Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7591513","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":515116945,"identity":"6c644e0a-76d2-4978-b773-3ab5e3d03f34","order_by":0,"name":"MOHAMMAD 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