Energy storage performance and stability of Sr(Ti0.85Zr0.15)O3-modified BNBST relaxor ferroelectric ceramics under low electric fields

Energy storage performance and stability of Sr(Ti0.85Zr0.15)O3-modified BNBST relaxor ferroelectric ceramics under low electric fields | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Energy storage performance and stability of Sr(Ti 0.85 Zr 0.15 )O 3 -modified BNBST relaxor ferroelectric ceramics under low electric fields Jiayi Ma, Kai Li, Yi Sun, Runrun Li, Zong-yang Shen, Yueming Li, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7685612/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To promote the miniaturization and integration of next-generation pulsed electronic devices, it is of significant importance to develop lead-free dielectric ceramic capacitors that can achieve excellent energy storage performance and high reliability under low electric fields ( E ). In this work, ceramics of (1- x )(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 ) 0.65 (Ba 0.3 Sr 0.7 ) 0.35 TiO 3 - x Sr(Ti 0.85 Zr 0.15 )O 3 ( x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4), denoted as (1- x )BNBST- x STZ, were prepared via the conventional solid-state method. The microstructure, dielectric and energy storage performance (e.g., stability and charge-discharge behavior) of the synthesized ceramics were systematically investigated. The introduction of STZ reduced oxygen vacancies, refined grain size, enhanced dielectric relaxor behavior, and delayed polarization saturation. As a result, the 0.8BNBST-0.2STZ ceramic achieved a high recoverable energy storage density ( W rec = 3.01 J/cm³) and efficiency ( η = 82.9%) under a low electric field of 210 kV/cm. Moreover, it exhibited excellent energy storage stability across a broad temperature range (20∼160 °C), frequency range (1∼100 Hz), and cycling endurance (1∼10⁵ cycles). Most importantly, it demonstrated high power density ( P D = 51.21 MW/cm³) and ultrafast charge-discharge rates ( t 0.9 = 50 ns) in pulsed performance. Overall, the 0.8BNBST-0.2STZ ceramic is a potential candidate for dielectric capacitors used under low electric fields BNT Energy Storage Performance Relaxor Ferroelectric Stability Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7685612","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":532180996,"identity":"0958d214-261f-4da1-abf8-b605ec7f9776","order_by":0,"name":"Jiayi Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jingdezhen Ceramic University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiayi","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""},{"id":532180997,"identity":"f5d3f0fb-0346-4908-bc10-047aed932962","order_by":1,"name":"Kai 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16:10:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1029361,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BNBSTSTZ.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7685612/v1_covered_f3a1c99d-b6e9-471f-af81-cf3baa8a44b1.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eEnergy storage performance and stability of Sr(Ti\u003csub\u003e0.85\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003e0.15\u003c/sub\u003e)O\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-modified BNBST relaxor ferroelectric ceramics under low electric fields\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"BNT, Energy Storage Performance, Relaxor Ferroelectric, Stability","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7685612/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7685612/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo promote the miniaturization and integration of next-generation pulsed electronic devices, it is of significant importance to develop lead-free dielectric ceramic capacitors that can achieve excellent energy storage performance and high reliability under low electric fields (\u003cem\u003eE\u003c/em\u003e). In this work, ceramics of (1-\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e)(Bi\u003csub\u003e0.5\u003c/sub\u003eNa\u003csub\u003e0.5\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.65\u003c/sub\u003e(Ba\u003csub\u003e0.3\u003c/sub\u003eSr\u003csub\u003e0.7\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.35\u003c/sub\u003eTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003eSr(Ti\u003csub\u003e0.85\u003c/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003e0.15\u003c/sub\u003e)O\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4), denoted as (1-\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e)BNBST-\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003eSTZ, were prepared via the conventional solid-state method. The microstructure, dielectric and energy storage performance (e.g., stability and charge-discharge behavior) of the synthesized ceramics were systematically investigated. The introduction of STZ reduced oxygen vacancies, refined grain size, enhanced dielectric relaxor behavior, and delayed polarization saturation. As a result, the 0.8BNBST-0.2STZ ceramic achieved a high recoverable energy storage density (\u003cem\u003eW\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003erec\u003c/sub\u003e = 3.01 J/cm\u0026sup3;) and efficiency (\u003cem\u003eη\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;82.9%) under a low electric field of 210 kV/cm. Moreover, it exhibited excellent energy storage stability across a broad temperature range (20\u0026sim;160 \u0026deg;C), frequency range (1\u0026sim;100 Hz), and cycling endurance (1\u0026sim;10⁵ cycles). Most importantly, it demonstrated high power density (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003eD\u003c/sub\u003e = 51.21 MW/cm\u0026sup3;) and ultrafast charge-discharge rates (\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.9\u003c/sub\u003e = 50 ns) in pulsed performance. Overall, the 0.8BNBST-0.2STZ ceramic is a potential candidate for dielectric capacitors used under low electric fields\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Energy storage performance and stability of Sr(Ti0.85Zr0.15)O3-modified BNBST relaxor ferroelectric ceramics under low electric fields","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-23 23:12:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7685612/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e2b474a9-de15-4b18-a039-355c05c5dcf0","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 23rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-12T16:01:45+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7685612","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-025-16523-y","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-materials-science-materials-in-electronics","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics"},"publishedOn":"2026-01-06 15:57:34","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 6th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-23 23:12:19","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10854-025-16523-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-025-16523-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7685612","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7685612","identity":"rs-7685612","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}