Quantum dots coupled streptavidin and its application in lipid rafts protein characterization

Quantum dots coupled streptavidin and its application in lipid rafts protein characterization | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Quantum dots coupled streptavidin and its application in lipid rafts protein characterization Shiying Zhai, Hao Chi, Sheng Tian, Michael Adu-Frimpong, Xia Cao, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7619570/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Bioconjugated quantum dots (QDs) are widely used in optics, materials, bioluminescent probes and clinical testing due to their unique spectroscopic properties. Particularly, one of the most significant and clinically relevant applications is the use of multicolor QDs probes in immunohistochemistry. Herein, we prepared Cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots using aqueous phase synthesis before characterization with ultraviolet (UV) and infra-red (IR) spectroscopy. The purified QDs were conjugated with streptavidin (SA) before their characterization via agarose gel electrophoresis. Afterwards, we conjugated biotin-streptavidin with lipoproteins and characterized the resultant lipid raft proteins with immunofluorescence. The proteins in the lipid rafts exhibited strong fluorescence due to the binding of the QDs to SA coupled with the specificity and amplification of the biotin-SA system (BSAS). Therefore, CdTe QDs-SA with strong fluorescence intensity and good optical stability were obtained via aqueous phase synthesis, amid successful characterization of the lipid rafts with immunofluorescence using multicolored QDs-SA conjugates. Thus, different fluorescence colors (QDs-SA) can be used to characterize different proteins on lipid rafts. This work provides an idea for biological protein staining to play a better role in immunohistochemistry. quantum dots biotin-streptavidin system lipid rafts characterization Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files supplementaryfile.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7619570","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":535621835,"identity":"cbf5ea4d-374e-4345-b93b-5896e88755ac","order_by":0,"name":"Shiying Zhai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shiying","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhai","suffix":""},{"id":535621836,"identity":"6a2711ec-c75d-4265-8aa5-6733c3f33342","order_by":1,"name":"Hao Chi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hao","middleName":"","lastName":"Chi","suffix":""},{"id":535621837,"identity":"263bd239-b85d-454f-9a8e-d51500770f6a","order_by":2,"name":"Sheng Tian","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Tian","suffix":""},{"id":535621838,"identity":"4d9b5fa2-ab1f-4186-b2d3-1c50d227e425","order_by":3,"name":"Michael Adu-Frimpong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Michael","middleName":"","lastName":"Adu-Frimpong","suffix":""},{"id":535621839,"identity":"5f1d3e5e-c8eb-432c-9d72-26ec7f70f347","order_by":4,"name":"Xia Cao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xia","middleName":"","lastName":"Cao","suffix":""},{"id":535621840,"identity":"0b798b03-a79c-49fa-a106-0208f7be9acf","order_by":5,"name":"Qilong Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qilong","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":535621841,"identity":"0dfd225c-45a9-4e76-b1c4-ad7aa4bd121e","order_by":6,"name":"Shanshan Tong","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBCDBAYG5gMHPvwgQikPQgtb4sGZPaRp4TE+zMFGhBZ79t7DL3/8Ycjjn93z4TDQBHl+sQMEbOE5l2bN28ZQLHHn7IbDBRYMhjNnJxDQIpFjZszYwJDYcCN3w+EZPAwJBreJ0GIIdFji/Bs5Dw7zsBGnxfgBUGXihhs5DERqOXPGjBnol8SNN9IMgIEsQdgv7O09xh9BDpt3I/nxhw8/bOT5pQloAQI2CQaG/zCOBEHlIMD8gShlo2AUjIJRMHIBAPC1Rct88rfoAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shanshan","middleName":"","lastName":"Tong","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-15 10:38:37","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7619570/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7619570/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":94592490,"identity":"bd2a7e6a-a1a2-4676-95ef-29cc4a2f2e60","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:23:13","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2991510,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/b914e2eee5b5d230afb38550.docx"},{"id":94593234,"identity":"e5d57a44-4612-4c19-b823-c74ab2ccd3b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:40","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8055,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"99a9bd2ee4b54a91b235cb364179ac25.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/5dda81f9807c0784369cea6a.json"},{"id":94592648,"identity":"31f82ca1-0036-4313-aefe-08eff354925b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:23:32","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":175590,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"supplementaryfile.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/7829a65399806fa342983294.docx"},{"id":94593071,"identity":"cf1ed7dc-8e45-4d90-a1af-c6984de9585b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:12","extension":"xml","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":74370,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"99a9bd2ee4b54a91b235cb364179ac251enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/f674e12b48fcaf242abd8b08.xml"},{"id":94593155,"identity":"97bbfc19-802f-4cd0-8c1a-1ad627b06b9d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:32","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":84015,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/37b9a999d8e70bede2b06393.png"},{"id":94593157,"identity":"3ff23cca-9d5a-4571-bd0e-d78ea4cb3c81","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:32","extension":"jpeg","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":393126,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/c86313da3406238f80916734.jpeg"},{"id":94592766,"identity":"3ee73786-a345-46ba-9112-63ef95d1c308","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:23:36","extension":"jpeg","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":156028,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/b32af870e51761ff117975c0.jpeg"},{"id":94592489,"identity":"4b737852-35cd-4a90-8912-df26b28f8258","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:23:13","extension":"jpeg","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":722306,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/0f5b5658d939d252aaa8d89b.jpeg"},{"id":94593159,"identity":"d3f26747-a8be-4b63-9bc9-dec7026d477b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:33","extension":"jpeg","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":215272,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/a079cc1766c15c412d2d3a9c.jpeg"},{"id":94593067,"identity":"cfbdaedb-85f7-465d-95ea-cb2efad7644d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:10","extension":"jpeg","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":7271,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/78ccbe93fe94e8fdc3828d29.jpeg"},{"id":94593058,"identity":"32617ff4-65c3-4a8a-b66e-18af58ed8c9b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:05","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":259198,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/ea6d48374d146438e4051fbb.png"},{"id":94592594,"identity":"459e1ad8-621d-4001-85e7-8059796bcefa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:23:24","extension":"jpeg","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":325722,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/3d6da62a3866b09da887bac1.jpeg"},{"id":94593054,"identity":"5d12c800-d6da-405a-93d0-66795e18451c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:03","extension":"jpeg","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":766210,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/77dfb137a54466606f139ef7.jpeg"},{"id":94592711,"identity":"73f93d58-c46b-43ab-877e-5e4994a1b131","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:23:36","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":14443,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/f3ff1bf94a354d6f18491da9.png"},{"id":94593053,"identity":"730709b0-15c6-47c5-b327-a378eb4f6690","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:02","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":19527,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/bc94ebda94b6447ed1387f65.png"},{"id":94593068,"identity":"4ab09e7b-7a74-44b1-8990-b56cbb3153a9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:10","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":29403,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/425d8b182689ddff2d5e1807.png"},{"id":94592836,"identity":"0326140d-d182-4ea7-b2e5-c24cac7a61a1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:23:44","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":93548,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/48e309c51d8c94a12653b554.png"},{"id":94593021,"identity":"e71f1b9e-49b4-4709-9b87-c42f130cdbcd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:00","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":170299,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/9e8c5dbe3eeb09ef2e7ff1d9.png"},{"id":94593218,"identity":"065f60e8-1090-40a8-b196-f7a9ce5bc317","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:38","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2599,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/ecc4c40d802b16bfbee24f7a.png"},{"id":94592943,"identity":"355bb61a-e99b-4e96-b27a-3936cb34a5bd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:23:55","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":42819,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/f521f9d20265757543f3a05c.png"},{"id":94593022,"identity":"2b55808b-83fe-4fa9-a00b-7dda6f14cfc1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:01","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":41310,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/853fee6ee469112841b8db7a.png"},{"id":94592688,"identity":"462d7eea-1657-4c79-ba39-44c675451259","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:23:36","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":85005,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/0344dddb66d70715ce2fa983.png"},{"id":94593064,"identity":"c067a05a-bcea-4d26-80c1-68140d08615e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:08","extension":"xml","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":72710,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"99a9bd2ee4b54a91b235cb364179ac251structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/7be15342b285942d0aaa67c9.xml"},{"id":94593162,"identity":"db007995-4aa8-4603-84ce-d8b6fb6b02ab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:33","extension":"html","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":81449,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/11973a7277836e735c5a51e8.html"},{"id":94672214,"identity":"04d3529c-2ff9-46d7-bb8d-5aeeb817fd42","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-29 13:39:54","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":891223,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1_covered_901b0335-5ab8-4066-9470-686ea86b92c3.pdf"},{"id":94593201,"identity":"f1b1395a-990e-4d34-bb30-73c42417ea56","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:24:35","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":175590,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"supplementaryfile.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7619570/v1/5b57f29a2b9798578031b533.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Quantum dots coupled streptavidin and its application in lipid rafts protein characterization","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"quantum dots, biotin-streptavidin system, lipid rafts, characterization","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7619570/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7619570/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBioconjugated quantum dots (QDs) are widely used in optics, materials, bioluminescent probes and clinical testing due to their unique spectroscopic properties. Particularly, one of the most significant and clinically relevant applications is the use of multicolor QDs probes in immunohistochemistry. Herein, we prepared Cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots using aqueous phase synthesis before characterization with ultraviolet (UV) and infra-red (IR) spectroscopy. The purified QDs were conjugated with streptavidin (SA) before their characterization via agarose gel electrophoresis. Afterwards, we conjugated biotin-streptavidin with lipoproteins and characterized the resultant lipid raft proteins with immunofluorescence. The proteins in the lipid rafts exhibited strong fluorescence due to the binding of the QDs to SA coupled with the specificity and amplification of the biotin-SA system (BSAS). Therefore, CdTe QDs-SA with strong fluorescence intensity and good optical stability were obtained via aqueous phase synthesis, amid successful characterization of the lipid rafts with immunofluorescence using multicolored QDs-SA conjugates. Thus, different fluorescence colors (QDs-SA) can be used to characterize different proteins on lipid rafts. This work provides an idea for biological protein staining to play a better role in immunohistochemistry.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Quantum dots coupled streptavidin and its application in lipid rafts protein characterization","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-28 16:49:41","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7619570/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0ec91d58-a99d-40c1-83a7-57d7352c59ef","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-29T09:54:06+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-28 16:49:41","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7619570","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7619570","identity":"rs-7619570","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}